THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth
REGULATiOM FBLING AND PUBLDCATDON
1. Regulation Chapter, Number & Heading:
248 C^R
2 Nameof Apencv BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS OF
PLUi?IBERS & GAS FITTERS
3. This document is reprinted from the Code of Massachusetts Regulations and contains the following:
248 CMR 1 ?00-2=00 RESERVED
3=00 GENERAL PROV8S80NS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF PLUIVIBING AND
GAS WORK PERFORMED IN THE COMMONWEALTH
4.00 BNTRODUCTiON & MASSACHUSETTS MODIFflCATIONS
5=00 AMENDMENTS TO 2002 EDITION OF ANSI Z223 J =NFPA54
6.00 RESERVED
7,00 MASSACHUSETTS CODE FOR GAS UTIUZATION EQUIPMENT IN LARGE
BOILERS
10.00 UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE
11 .00 EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR
LICENSURE
Under the Provisions of Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 30A, § 6, and Chapter 233, § 75,
this document may be used as evidence of the original documents on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth
Compiled as in full force and effect:
PLUMBING CODES-12.30.85AIII
PLUriBINGCODE
llllllllllllll f 25.00
10048G ^ <fe V B w w
7/13/2007
A true copy attest:
WILLIAM FRANCIS GALVIN
Secretary of the Commonwealth
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Table of Contents
(248 CMR 1.00 AND 2.00: RESERVED)
248 CMR 3.00: GENERAL PROVISIONS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF
PLUMBING AND GAS WORK PERFORMED IN THE
COMMONWEALTH
Section 3.01: Scope and Application
Section 3.02: Definitions
Section 3.03: Licenses and Registration
Section 3.04: Product, Design, and Testing Standards
Section 3.05: Permits and Inspections
Section 3.06: Grounds for Imposition of Disciplinaiy Sanctions
Section 3.07: Complaint Handling Process
Page
5
11
11
13
14
17
21
22
248 CMR 4.00: INTRODUCTION AND MASSACHUSETTS MODIFICATIONS
Section 4.01 : Scope and Purpose
Section 4.02: Definitions
Section 4.03; Adoption of Relevant Codes and Overview of Modifications
248 CMR 5.00: AMENDMENTS TO 2002 EDITION OF ANSI Z223. 1-NFPA 54
Section 5,01:
Section 5.02:
Section 5.03:
Section 5.04:
Section 5.05:
Section 5.06:
Section 5.07:
Section 5.08:
Section 5.09;
Scope and
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
248 CMR
Purpose
5.02 Modifications
5.03 Modifications
5.04 Modifications
5.05 Modifications
5.06 Modifications
5.07 Modifications
5.08 Modifications
5.09 Modifications
to sections of NFPA-54, Chapter 1
to sections of NFPA-54, Chapter 5
to NFPA-54, Chapter 6
to NFPA-54, Chapter 7
to NFPA-54, Chapter 8
to NFPA-54, Chapter 9
to NFPA-54, Chapter 10
to NFPA-54, Chapter 11
(248 CMR 6.00; RESERVED)
248 CMR 7 .00: MASSACHUSETTS CODE FOR GAS UTILIZATION
EQUIPMENT IN LARGE BOILERS
Section 7.01 ; Scope and Purpose
Section 7.02: Definitions
Section 7.03: General Provisions
Section 7,04; Installation of Burners and Controls
Section 7.05: Initial Start-up and Final Adjustments
(248 CMR 8.00 AND 9.00; RESERVED)
248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODES
Section 10:01
Section 10.02
Section 10.03
Section 10.04
Section 10.05
Section 10.06
Section 10.07
Scope and Jurisdiction
Basic Principles
Definitions
Testing and Safety
General Regulations
Materials
Joints and Connections
25
25
25
25
31
31
31
31
37
38
38
40
43
44
45
47
47
47
50
52
64
37
81
81
81
84
95
97
101
134
12/30/05
248 CMR - 1
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Table of Contents
Page
248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE (continued)
Section 10.08
Traps and Cleanouts
138
Section 10.09
Interceptors, Separators, and Holding Tanks
142
Section 10.10
Plumbing Fixtures
147
SectionlO.il
Hangers and Supports
159
Section 10.12
Indirect Waste Piping
160
Section 10.13
Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes
163
Section 10,14
Water Supply and the Water Distribution System
170
Section 10.15
Sanitary Drainage System
187
Section 10.16
Vents and Venting
194
Section 10.17
Storm Drains
202
Section 10.18
Hospital Fixtures
205
Section 10.19
Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers
213
Section 10.20
Public and Semi-public Swimming Pools
213
Section 10.21
Boiler Blow-off Tank
215
Section 10.22
Figures
216
Section 10.23
Vacuum Drainage System
243
248 CMR 11. <
30: EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE STANDARDS AND
REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSURE
253
Section 11.01
Scope and Application
253
Section 11.02
Education and Experience Requirements for Apprentices,
Journeyman and Master Licensees; Education and Experience
Requirements for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers
and Limited Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers 253
Section 1 1.03: Application Requirements and Examination Administration 261
Section 1 1 .04; Mandatory Continuing Education (MCE) Requirements for
Master and Journeymen Plumbers, Master and Journeyman
Gasfitters and for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Listallers 262
Section 1 1 .05: Qualifications and Requirements for Mandatory Continuing
Education Providers and Instructors 264
Section 1 1.06: Education Hour and Course Content Requirements to be
Administered by Public, Private, Proprietary or Other
Occupational Trade Schools 266
(PAGES 3 AND 4 ARE RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE.)
7/13/07
248 CMR - 2
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(248 CMR 1.00 AND 2.00: RESERVED)
3/11/05 248,CMR-5
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(PAGES 7 THROUGH 10 ARE RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE.)
3/11/05 248 CMR -6
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 3.00: GENERAL PROVISIONS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF PLUMBING AND
GAS WORK PERFORMED IN THE COMMONWEALTH
Section
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
Scope and Application
Definitions
Licenses and Registration
Product, Design, and Testing Standards
Permits and Inspections
Grounds for Imposition of Disciplinary Sanctions
Complaint Handling Process
3.01 : Scope and Application
(1) Scop e. The provisions of 248 CMR 3.00 govern the administrative requirements regarding
the constiiiction, removal, alteration, repair, and Inspection of all plumbing and gas fitting work
pursuant to M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 13 and 21. 248 CMR 3.00 also governs the administrative
functions of the Board in sanctioning Licensees and Apprentices who engage in the construction,
alteration, repair and Inspection of plumbing -and gas fitting work pursuant to M.G.L. c. 142,
§§ 13 and 21, and M.G.L. c. 112, §61.
(2) Sections Declared Independent . Each Section of 248 CMR 1.00 through 10.00 and every
part of each Section is hereby declared to be an independent Section and part of Section and the
holding of any Section or part of Section to be void and ineffective for any cause shall not be
deemed to affect any other Section or part of Sections.
3.02: Definitions
For the purpose of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 the following tenns shall have the meanings
indicated in 248 CMR 3:02. No attempt is made to define ordinary words that are used in
accordance with their established dictionary meaning except where it is necessary to define their
meaning to avoid misunderstanding.
Apprentice Gas Fitter . A person who is learning and working at the business of gas fitting under
the direct supervision of a master gas fitter or journeyman gas fitter.
A pprentice Plumber . A person who is learning and working at the business of plumbing under
the direct supervision of a master plumber.
Approved-testine-lab . A testing laboratory that may perform tests on plumbing and gas fitting
products or systems because the Board has granted Initial-approved-testing-lab status or
Extended-approved-testirig-lab status pursuant to 248 CMR 3.04(1).
Board . State Board of Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters as established in M.G.L. c. 13,
§ 36 and defined as the Examiners in M.G.L. c. 142, § 1.
Code . 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00, subsequent amendments thereto, or and any emergency
rule or regulation that the Board promulgates.
Executive Director . The Executive Secretary of the Board as provided for in M.G.L. c. 1 13,
§ 36.
Generally Accepted Standard . A specification, code, rule, guide, or procedure in the field or
construction or related thereto, recognized and accepted throughout the plumbing and gas fitting
profession as authoritative.
3/11/05 248 CMR -U
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.02: continued
Inspector . Either the Local Inspector or the State Inspector, as determined in 248 CMR
3.05(l)(a), who is responsible for granting or denying Permit applications and performing
Inspections of plumbing or gas fitting work.
Inspection . The Inspector's act of reviewing plumbing or gas fitting workmanship for
compliance with the provisions of 248 CMR. The Inspector may require a test be completed as
part of his or her review.
Licensee . A person duly holding a license issued by the Board.
Local Inspector . The inspector of plumbing and gas fitting who is appointed by the building
inspector or mayor of each city and town in the Commonwealth pursuant to M.G.L.c. 142, §§ 11
and 12 and who administers and enforces the provisions of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
Journeyman Gas Fitter . A person who by herself or himself does any work in gas fitting wherein
the gas fitting work is subject to Inspection under any law, ordinance, by law, rule or regulation.
Journeyman Plumber . A person who by herself or himself does any work in plumbing and gas
fitting wherein the plumbing and gas. fitting work is subject to Inspection under any law,
ordinance, by law, rule or regulation.
Master Gas Fitter . A gas fitter having a regular place of business and who performs gas fitting
work by himself or herself, or by journeyman or Apprentices in his or her employ.
Master Plumber . A plumber having a regular place of business and who performs plumbing and
gas fitting work by himself or herself, or by journeyman or Apprentices in his or her employ.
May . The word "may" is a permissive term.
Permit . A written notice that the Inspector grants to a plumber or gas fitter to commence work
on a given installation. The Permit may contain limitations and conditions of the work to be
performed.
Permit Holder . The Licensee who is authorized to be granted a Permit under 248 CMR
3.05Cl)(b)7. or 248 CMR 3.05(l)(b)8. and who has received a Permit from the Inspector.
Plumber . Any person duly licensed by the Board, as required by M.G.L. c. 142, as a Master or
Journeyman Plumber.
Product-approved fProduct-approval) . A plumbing or gas fitting product that may be installed
pursuant to 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 based on the Board's determination that it meets the
standards of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10,00. Product or materials that have been granted Product-
approved status by the Board under 248 CMR 3.04 are listed by the Board as being Product-
approved.
Shall . The word "shall" is a mandatory term.
Special-permission. Explicit permission from the Board that is required before installing certain
products, materials, or systems because the product, material, or system raise special safety
considerations.
State Inspector . A person employed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 's Division of
Professional Licensure who grants Permits and performs Inspections of the plumbing and gas
fitting work in all state owned, used, leased or constructed buildings that are subject to the
provisions of M.G.L. c. 142, § 21.
3/11/05 248 CMR -12
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
3.02: continued
Testing-laboratory . A nationally recognized agency, firm, company, or association that is in the
business of reviewing and testing new products to assure their conformance with applicable
national standards.
Test-site . A method, system or technology where the design, construction, installation or
? implementation of the method, system or technology does not comply with 248 CMR. However,
upon application to the Board, the Board may allow its use for a specific application so that the
Board may determine the feasibility and safety of the method, system or technology.
Variance . A grant from the Board to install or retain a plumbing or gas fitting product, system,
device or fixture because product, device, or fixture deviates from the requirements in 248 CMR
because the applicant has established an undue hardship.
3.03: Licenses and Registration
(1) Licenses and Registration .
(a) Master Plumbers, Master Gas Fitters, Journeyman Plumbers, Journeyman Gas Fitters.
1 . No person shall engage in the business of a Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter, or
work as a Journeyman Plumber or Journeyman Gas Fitter nor shall any person solicit, by
sign, listing or any other form of adveitisement, work regulated or controlled by
248 CMR or by any ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation made hereunder, unless he is
lawfully licensed by the Board as provided in 248 CMR 3.00.
2. Any person so licensed as a Master Plumber or a Journeyman Plumber may:
a. carry on the work of a plumber or gas fitter regulated under 248 CMR 3.00
through 10.00, notwithstanding any local ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation to the
contrary; and
b. may engage in the work of installing house drainage and connecting with
common sewers without being required to have any local license therefor, but shall
be subject to local regulations relative to permits and bonding requirements.
3. Any person so licensed as a Master Gas Fitter or a Journeyman Gas Fitter may carry
on the work of a gas fitter that is regulated under 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00,
notwithstanding any local ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation to the contrary.
4. The license or certificate of a Licensee or Apprentice shall be exhibited whenever
required by an Inspector.
5. The license or certificate of a Master Plumber and Master Gas Fitter shall at all times
be displayed conspicuously within his/her place of business.
6. Any sign, listing or advertisement authorized by the Licensee shall contain his/her
designation and license number.
7. The Inspector may require Licensees register his/her license number(s) every two
years, on or before May I", in such each city or town where the licensed plumber or gas
fitter desires to engage in the business of plumbing and gas fitting.
8. A person, duly licensed in the Commonwealth as a Master Plumber or Master Gas
Fitter and who wishes to conduct his/her plumbing or gas fitting business as a
corporation, shall
a. register with the Board; and
b. pay anon-refundable fee in the amount set by the Commission of Administration
and Finance and made payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Upon receipt of the registration and fee, the person shall be issued a certificate
authorizing him/her to conduct the plumbing or gas fitting business as a corporation.
9. It shall be the responsibility of the Licensee plumber or gas fitter to notify the Board
of any changes of address within 30 days of relocation.
(b) Apprentices .
1. No person shall work as an Apprentice unless he or she is registered with the Board,
such registration requires that the Apprentice:
a. has completed an Apprentice registration form; and
b. has submitted the required fee and registration form by mail or in person to the
Executive Director of the Board.
2. The Apprentice registration shall be exhibited whenever required by an Inspector.
3/11/05 248 CMR -13
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.03: continued
3. The Apprentice shall aid the Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter in completing the
Apprentice registration form.
4. No Apprentice shall solicit by sign, listing or any other form of advertisement, work
regulated or controlled by 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 or by any ordinance, by-law, rule
or regulation made hereunder.
(2) Master's Duties Regarding Apprentice Registration :
(a) Before a prospective Apprentice begins employment as an Apprentice gas fitter or
Apprentice plumber with a Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter, the employing Master
Plumber or Master Gas Fitter shall be responsible for:
1 . informing the Apprentice of the registration requirements;
2. insuring that the Apprentice has complied with the registration requirements in
248 CMR 3.03(b) 1.
(b) The Apprentice registration form shall be signed by the Apprentice and the employing
Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter.
(c) The Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter shall not charge a fee to the Apprentice in
relation to the master's completion of the Apprentice registration form.
3.04: Product. Desien. and Testing Standards
(1) Board Required Product-approval . Only products and materials that have been listed by the
Board as Product-approved shall be used for plumbing and gas fitting work performed in the
Commonwealth and governed by M.G.L. c. 142 and 248 CMR.
(a) Permanent Record . The Board shall maintain a list of Product-approved materials or
products.
(b) Initial-product-approval .
1 . For products not already listed as Product-approved by the Board, each manufacturer
of materials and equipment used in the construction, installation, alteration, repair, or
replacement of any plumbing or gas fitting system shall apply to the Board for Initial-
product-approval of each individual item or model number that is to be made available
for installation in the Commonwealth.
2. Should the Board grant Initial-product-approval, the grant shall be valid for one year,
unless otherwise limited by the Board. The product will then be listed by the Board as
Product-approved.
3. No product that is subject to a product approval request shall be installed before the
Board has voted to grant the Initial-product-approval request.
4. An applicant for an Initial-product-approval request shall:
a. provide a completed product approval application in compliance with 248 CMR
.3.04(l)(d);
b. a non-refundable application fee in the amount set by the Commission of
Administration and Finance and made payable to the Corrunon wealth of
Massachusetts;
c. at the Board's request, appear at the Board meeting wherein the Product Approval
application is scheduled to be discussed; and
d. fulfill the testing requirements established by the Board.
(c) Extended-product-approval . One year after the Board has granted an Initial-product-
approval, an applicant may request an extension to the Initial-product-approval request.
1 . The Extended-product-approval may be valid for up to three years.
2. The Board may renew the request for like terms of up to three years for each term
upon the:
a. filing of an application to the Board for a Product Approval extension in
compliance with 248 CMR 3.04(l)(d);
b. a non-refundable application fee in the amount set by the Commissioner of
Administration and Finance and made payable to the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts;
c. at the Board's request, appear at the Board meeting wherein the Product Approval
application is scheduled to be discussed; and
3/11/05 248 CMR -14
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AlvTD GAS FITTERS
3.04: continued
d. fulfill the testing requirements established by the Board.
3. All permanent Product-approvals granted in the past are null and void.
4. All modifications to an original approval of product(s) or materials shall be
resubmitted to the Board.
5. If the Board grants an Extended-product-approval request, the product or material
shall remain listed as Product-approved by the Board. If the Board denies such a request,
further use or installation of the product or material is prohibited.
(d) A pplications . Applications for Initial or Extended-product-approvals of plumbing or
gas fitting products or materials shall conform to the following requirements:
1. The application shall be submitted on the forms provided by the Board.
2. The manufacturer shall identify each individual item or model number for which
Product-approval is requested.
3 . A separate application form shall be submitted for each group of ten individual items
or model numbers, or fraction thereof, for that approval is sought.
4. In the event that a single manufacturer is seeking Initial -product-approval, or
Extended-product-approval, of more than 90 individual items or model numbers at any
one time, the ten-item limit specified shall apply only to the first nine application forms
. submitted and the tenth application form shall list all the remaining individual items or
model numbers for that approval is requested.
5. The Product-approval application shall be accompanied with a non-refundable check
in the amount to be set by the Gommissioner of Administration and Finance made
payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
6. If the Board denies a request for Extended-product-approval, further use or
installation of the product or material is prohibited, and the product, material, or
technology will be removed from the list maintained by the Board under 248 CMR
3.04(l)(a).
(e) All testing for products that are listed as Product-approved by the Board shall have been
tested by an Approved-testing-lab.
(f) Product-approval Statement . Any product that has been Product-approved by the Board
may carry the statement: "This product has been approved by Massachusetts Plumbing
Board, Approval #."
(g) At the Board's discretion, in lieu of granting an applicant's Initial-product-approval or
Extended-product-approval request, the Board may convert such a request to a request for
a Test-site under 248 CMR 3.04(4).
(2) Variances .
(a) The Board may allow an applicant to use an alternative method, system or product that
does not comply with 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 when:
1. in the Board's opinion there is .an unusual or extraordinary circumstance or an
established hardship that warrants special terms or conditions; and
2. the applicant seeks permission from the Board for using the alternative method,
system, or product for one instance at one location.
(b) No plumbing or gas-fitting work that is subject to a Variance request shall begin before
the Board has voted to grant the Variance request.
(c) The Variance application shall:
1 . be made to the Board before filing for the related Peraciit application to the Inspector;
2. be submitted in writing and using the forms provided by the Board;
3 . include a copy of the petition for a Variance that was made to the Board of Health or
to the Health Department for variance applications that involve only plumbing work; and
4. include a copy of the Board of Health or Health Department's response to the petition
for variance applications that involve only plumbing work.
(d) The applicant for a Variance request shall:
1. provide a completed application in compliance with 248 CMR 3.04(2)(c);
2. include a non-refundable fee in the amount set by die Commissioner of
Administration and Finance and made payable to the Conunonwealth of Massachusetts;
3. appear at the Board meeting wherein the Variance application is scheduled to be
discussed; and
3/11/05 248 CMR -15
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.04: continued
4. fulfill the testing requirements established by the Board.
(3) Special-permission .
(a) When safety is of special consideration, provisions of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 may
require that a Licensee obtain Special-permission from the Board before installing or using
a given product, system, design, or method.
(b) To obtain Special-permission an applicant shall:
1 . submit a request to the Board; and
2. at the Board's request, appear at a Board vv/here the request is scheduled to be
discussed.
(c) The Special-permission request shall include:
1. a fee;
2. a completed application;
3. a certification that the system was designed or engineered by a qualified individual;
4. the submission of a set of construction documents that have been stamped by a
Massachusetts Registered Professional Engineer; and
5. any other requested documentation.
(4) Test-site .
(a) The Board may allow an applicant to use an alternative method, system or technology
despite that the design, construction, installation or implementation of the method, system
or technology does not comply with 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 because the Board seeks
to determine the feasibility or safety of the alternative method, system or technology. In such
circumstances; the applicant may submit to the Board a request for Test-Site(s).
(b) A Test-site is appropriate when an applicant anticipates that the alternative method,
system, or technology will be used for more than one installation and at more than one
location.
(c) No work that is subject to a Test-site request shall begin before the Board has voted to
grant the Test-site request.
(d) The Test-site application shall:
1 . be made to the Board before filing for the related Pennit application to the Inspector;
and
2. be submitted to the Board in writing and using the forms provided by the Board.
(e) The applicant for a Test-site request shall:
1. provide a completed application in compliance with 248 CMR 3.04(4)(d);
2. include a non-refundable fee in the amount set by the Commissioner of
Administration and Finance and made payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts;
3. appear at the Board meeting wherein the product Test-site application is scheduled
to be discussed; and
4. fulfill the testing requirements established by the Board.
(5) Required Tests .
(a) For the purpose of verifying a claim relating to an application made for Product-
approval, Variance, Test-site, or Special-permission, the Board may require that tests be
performed and that such tests are performed by an Approved-testing-lab at the expense of the
applicant.
(b) Any tests required by the Board for the purpose of verifying a claim relating to an
application made under this section shall be conducted in accordance with Generally
Recognized Standards and if no standards exist, the Board may specify the test procedure.
(c) Additional testing and revocation:
1 . The Board at any time may request testing to be repeated if its opinion there is reason
to believe that the product, material, system, technology or method no longer conforms
to the requirements on that the Board based its grant of the Product-approved status, the
Variance request, the Test-site request, or the Special-permission request.
2. Should additional testing prove nonconformance of the product, material, system,
technology, or method at issue, the Product-approved status, Variance grant, Test-site
grant, or Special-permission grant will be rescinded immediately.
3/11/05 248 CMR -16
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.04: continued
(6) A ppro ved-testin g-lab .
(a) The Board may require that certain tests that are to be performed be conducted by an
Approved-testing-lab.
(b) Listing of Laboratories . The Executive Director of the Board shall maintain a current
list of the Approved-testing-labs.
(c) Initial-approved-testing-lab .
1 . Each testing laboratory may apply for Initial-approved-testing-lab from the Board.
2. If the Board grants an applicant Initial-approved-testing-lab status, the status shall be
valid for one year and during that time the laboratory will be recognized by the Board as
an Approved-testing-lab.
(d) Extended-approved-testing-lab .
1 . Prior to the expiration of an Initial-approved-testing-lab status each Initial-approved-
testing-lab shall apply to the Board for Extended-approved-testing-lab status.
2. The Board may grant Extended-approved-testing-lab status, that may be valid for up
to three years.
3. The Board may renew the request for like terais of up to three years for each term
upon the:
a. filing of an application to the Board; and
b. payment of the prescribed fee on or before its expiration.
4. Each laboratory that successfully applies for and obtains Extended-approved-testing-
lab status will be recognized by the Board as an Approved-testing-lab during the time
that the laboratory successfully maintains such status.
5. Any pennanent approvals granted in past are null and void and an extended approval
must be requested every three years.
(e) Applications for Approval . Applications for Initial-approved-testing-lab status or
Extended-approved-testing-lab ' status for the testing laboratories shall conform to the
following requirements.
1. The applications shall be on forms provided by the Board and completed by the
testing laboratory.
2. Each testing laboratory shall submit a notarized "Stateiment of Independence" on a
form provided by the Board with each approval request.
3. The written request shall be accompanied with a non-refundable check in the amount
to be set by the Commissioner of Administration and Finance made payable to the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
(f) At the Board's request, an applicant seeking Initial or Extended-approved-testing-lab
status shall appear at the Board meeting where the application is scheduled to be discussed.
(g) The Approved-testing-lab shall promptly notify the Board of any changes to the
information the Approved-testing-lab provided on the original application form submitted
to the Board.
(h) At any time, the Board may revoke the Approved-testing-lab stams if there is reason to
believe that the laboratory fails to meet the standards of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 or of
the Board.
3.05: Permits and Inspections
(1) Permits .
(a) Jurisdiction of Inspectors .
1 . State Inspectors . Permits to perform plumbing and/or gas fitting work in buildings
owned, or used or leased by the Commonwealth pursuant to M.G.L. c. 142, § 21, shall
be submitted to State Inspectors who shall grant or deny such Permit applications and
who shall perform the related Inspections.
2. Local Inspectors . For all buildings that are not owned or constructed by the United
States Government or that are not owned, used or constructed by the Commonwealth,
pursuant to M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 1 1, 1 1 A and 12, all Permit applications shall be submitted
to the Local Inspectors who shall grantor deny all such Permit applications and who shall
perform the related Inspections.
3/11/05 248 CMR -17
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.05: continued
3. Throughout 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 the term "Inspector" shall refer to the
Inspector having jurisdiction; either the Local or State Inspector as determined by
248CMR3.05(l)(a).
4. For those buildings owned or constructed by the United States Government, Permits
and Inspections for those buildings are only required at the request of the Federal
. Government.
5. The Inspector shall, except in the case of emergencies, perform his or her duties and
Inspections during the normal working hours of the day.
6. In cases of emergency, a plumbing fixture may be turned on temporarily by the
licensee provided:
a. the installer has tested the piping in accordance with the appropriate requirements
of 248 CMR;
b. the installer and local water/sewer superintendent (if applicable) are satisfied that
the installation of piping and use of equipment will assure safe operation; and
c. the Inspector (or the chief inspector if more th^n one inspector) is notified and a
regular inspection is made at the earliest opportunity and in no case later than the
next working day.
(b) Requirements .
1 . Until a Permit has been issued by the Inspector, plumbing or gas fitting work shall
not be:
a. installed;
b. altered;
c. removed;
d. replaced; or
e. repaired.
. 2. Any application for such Permit shall be made in writing to the Inspector before work
commences.
3. Each application for the Permit shall include:
a. a statement of the work to be performed;
b. the location of the building; and
c. the names of the persons for and by whom the work is to be done.
4. Each Permit, that is issued by the Inspector, shall be subject to the express conditions
set forth therein as to compliance with all provisions of the statutes, rules, and regulations
that relate to plumbing or gas fitting.
5. The Inspector may require the applicant to submit a set of construction plans.
6. A sepai-ate Permit is required for each building.
7. Permits to perform plumbing work shall be issued in compliance with the following:
a. Permits shall be issued to licensed plumbers only.
b. Where a person seeks a Permit on behalf of a corporation, only the Master
Plumber who has been granted the certificate to conduct the plumbing business as a
corporation and who is an officer of the corporation under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B shall
be issued the Permit.
c. Where a person seeks a Permit on behalf of a partnership, only the Master
Plumbers who are partners in the partnership under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B shall be
issued the Permit.
8. Permits to perform gas fitting work shall be issued in compliance with the following.
a. Permits shall be issued to licensed plumbers or licensed gas fitters only.
b. Where a corporation seeks a Permit, only the Master Plumber who is the officer
of the plumbing corporation under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B or the Master Gas Fitter who
is the officer of the gas fitting corporation under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B shall be issued
the Permit.
c. Where a partnership seeks a Permit, only the Master Plumbers who are partners
in the partnership under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B or the Master Gas Fitters who are
partners in the partnership under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B shall be issued the Permit.
(c) Exceptions to the Permit Requirement : A Permit is not required for plumbing involving
the repair of leaks in a faucet, valve, or other working pai't of a plumbing fixture, or the
clearance of a stoppage.
3/11/05 248 CMR -18
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAIvIINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.05: continued
(d) Cancellation . Permits may be cancelled ifin the opinion of the Inspector 248 CMR 3.00
through 10.00 has been violated as a result of the workmanship or product, materials,
systems, methods or technology used.
(e) Permit Termination .
1 . When any of the work outlined in the Permit has commenced but the Permit Holder
will not complete the work outlined in the Permit, the Permit shall be terminated by:
a. the Permit Holder; or
b. a Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter who is a partner in the same partnership
of the Permit Holder or the Master Plumber or Master Gas Fitter of a corporation
under M.G.L. c. 142, § 3B; or
c. the person or entity who hired the Permit Holder.
2. Termination consists of sending written notice to the Inspector who issued the Permit,
wherein the notice includes:
a. the Permit number;
b. a description of the work completed; and
c. a description of the work not to be completed.
3. The Inspector shall perfomi an Inspection on the work that was completed under the
Permit.
(f) Invalidity . Permits shall be invalid if work is not started within 90 days of the date of
the Permit, unless the holder of the Permit or Pennits can satisfactorily prove that failure to
start within the 90 day period was beyond his or her control.
(g) Response Time for Permit Applications . Notwithstanding any regulation to the
contrary, within two working days upon the Inspector's receipt of the Permit application, the
Inspector shall act upon a Permit application received from a licensed plumber or gas fitter,
(h) Permit Applications and Fees .
1 . Permit applications may be submitted to the Inspector in person or by mail.
2. The Inspector may mail or submit the Permit to the applicant in person.
(2) Plans and Specifications .
(a) Whenever plans and specifications are necessary or requested by the Inspector for any
plumbing or gas fitting work, the applicant shall submit such plans to the Inspector. The
Inspector may review the plans for up to 30 days prior to issuing the Permit.
(b) The plans and specifications shall have thereon;
1 . the name and address of the designer;
2. a certification by the designer that said plans and specifications are in compliance
with 248 CMR; and
3. the stamp of a Massachusetts Professional Engineer.
(c) Plans and specifications shall not be required for minor repairs and alterations.
(3) Ins pections .
(a) To insure compliance with all the requirements of M.G.L. c. 142 and 248 CMR, the
Inspector shall inspect:
1 . all work where a Permit is required;
2. all the Permit related plumbing and gas fitting work; and
3. all portions of existing systems that may be directly affected by the plumbing or gas
fitting work outlined in the related Permit application.
(b) The Inspector may require that at least two Inspections be performed, one rough
Inspection and one final Inspection.
(c) The Inspector may require that a test be performed as part of the Inspection process.
(d) Notification .
1. It shall be the duty of the Permit Holder or the licensed plumber or gas fitter
employed by the Master Plumber or gas fitter to give notice to the Inspector when
plumbing or gas fitting work is ready for Inspection.
2. The licensed plumber or gas fitter or the PeiTnit Holder shall establish that the work
will stand the prescribed test and that the roughing-in has been completed as far as
practicable before giving the notification.
3/11/05 248 CMR -19
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
3.05: continued.
3. If the Inspector determines that the work will not pass the test and/or requirements
of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00, necessai^ corrections shall be made and the work shall
be resubmitted for Inspection.
(e) Notwithstanding any regulation to the contrary, within two working days upon the
Inspector's receipt of proper notification that the plumbing or gas fitting work is ready for
Inspection, the Inspector shall act upon the request for Inspection. Proper notification shall
mean that the Permit Holder has had direct communication with the Inspector.
(f) Covering of Work .
1 . No new plumbing and gas fitting work and such portions of existing systems that may
be directly affected by new work shall not be covered until it has been tested if required
by the Inspector, and the Inspector has certified that the work is in compliance with
M.G.L. c. 142 and 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
2. If new plumbing and gas fitting work and such portions of existing systems that may
be directly affected by new work are covered before being tested and approved by the
Inspector, the work shall be uncovered for Inspection after the Inspector has issued a
notice to uncover the work to the Permit Holder responsible.
(g) Defective Materials and Poor Workmanship . E, at the time of Inspection, any leaks,
defective or patched materials, or evidence of unskilled or inferior workmanship are found
with a plumbing or gas installation, the following procedures shall be followed:
1. The Inspector shall condemn the same affected part(s) or entire systena.
2. The Inspector shall order the Licensee to remove or correct the defective parts, or
unskilled or inferior workmanship.
3. No further progress shall be allowed on the work until the defective parts or the
unskilled or inferior workmanship is made to be compliant with 248 CMR.
(4) Right of Entry . Subject to compliance with all relevant federal and state laws, the Inspector
shall, after proper identification, have the right to enter any premises for the purpose of
conducting an Inspection of a plumbing or gas fitting system at such times as may be reasonably
necessary to protect the public health.
(5) Material and Labor for Inspection and Tests . The equipment, materials, power, and labor
necessary for the Inspection and any required tests shall be furnished by the licensed plumber or
licensed gas fitter.
(6) Appeal Procedure .
(a) State Inspector Advisory Opinion .
1 . Any party who disagrees with or is aggiueved by the decision or interpretation of a
Local Inspector may seek an Advisory Opinion from the State Inspector.
2. A request for an Advisory Opinion may be made by phone, by letter, or by facsimile
to the State Inspector.
3. The State Inspector may respond to the request for an Advisory Opinion by
requesting information from the relevant parties and then offering his or her
interpretation of the pertinent portions of 248 CMR.
4. The State Inspector's interpretation is a nonbinding statement on a matter submitted
for that purpose.
5. At the State Inspector's discretion, his or her Advisory Opinion may be issued in
writing or orally.
6. Only the parties named in the request for the Advisory Opinion may consider it, and
its reliability depends on the accuracy and completeness of all material facts.
(b) Appeal before the Board . Any person who disagrees with or is aggrieved by the
decision or interpretation of an Inspector may appeal in writing to the Board for a hearing.
1. The written appeal shall be in writing.
2. The appeal shall be accompanied by a check in the amount set by the Commissioner
of Administration and Finance and made payable to the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
3. The fee shall be submitted by the appellant with the Executive Director of the Board
who shall schedule the hearing and notify all interested parties.
3/11/05 248 CMR -20
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.05: continued
4. If the Board finds in favor of the appellant, the check deposited with the Board may
be returned to the appellant.
5. The decision of the Board is final.
3.06: Grounds for Imposition of Disciplinary Sanctions
(1) Grounds for Imposition of Disciplinary Sanctions .
(a) Any violation of or failure to comply with any of the laws of the Commonwealth relating
to the practice of plumbing or gas fitting, including:
1. M.G.L. c. 142,
2. M.G.L. c. 112, §§ 61 through 65 and or
3. with 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
is considered unprofessional and improper conduct subject to Board hearing and discipline
as set forth in M.G.L. c. 142; M.G.L. c. 1 12, §§ 61 through 65; and 248 CMR 3.00 through
10.00.
(b) If a current Licensee is convicted of or admits to sufficient facts or pleads nolo
contendre to a crime in any jurisdiction, whether felony or misdemeanor, in the
Commonwealth or outside of the Commonwealth, regardless of adjudication orsenience, that
relates to the practice of plumbing or gas fitting or the ability to safely and effectively
practice plumbing or gas fitting including, but not limited to violations of any state or federal
laws or regulations regarding plumbing or gas fitting, the conduct of that Licensee is
considered unprofessional and improper conduct subject to Board hearing and discipline as
set forth in M.G.L. c. 1 12, §§ 61 through 65 and 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
(c) No person shall, aid or abet any plumber or gas fitter to violate the provisions of M.G.L.
c. 142, M.G.L. c. 1 12, §§ 61 through 65, or 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
(d) No person shall employ an unlicensed person or employ any unlicensed person in the
performance of any work that is required by M.G.L. c. 142 or 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
(2) Deceptive Advertising . The following advertising practices are considered fraudulent, false,
deceptive or misleading and are prohibited:
(a) advertising that contains a misrepresentation of facts or false statements regarding the
Licensee or Apprentice's professional achievements, degrees, trained skills, and
qualifications in the plumbing or gas fitting profession;
(b) advertising the content or the context of that makes only a partial disclosure of relevant
facts, such as advertising that advertises a discounted price without identifying the specific
product or service to that the discounted price applies and without specifying the usual price
for the product or services identified;
(c) advertising that contains a.representation that a continuing education or training program
is approved by the Boai'd, if the content of the program departs from the content approved
by the Board or is not in fact approved;
(d) advertising that contains any representation, statement or claim that the Board
determines is misleading or deceptive to the public.
(3) Ethical Standards and Professional Conduct . Requirement to respond to Board
(a) A Licensee or Apprentice shall respond within 30 days to a written communication from
the Board or its designee and shall make available to the Board any relevant and authorized
records .with reispect to an inquiry or complaint about the Licensee or Apprentice's
professional conduct. The 30-day period commences on the date the Board sends the
communication by registered or certified mail with return receipt requested to the Licensee's
or Apprentice's last known address.
(b) A Licensee or Apprentice shall cooperate with any reasonable request from a the
Division of Professional Licensure's agent or employee acting on behalf of the Board while
investigating a complaint or allegation regarding the Licensee or Apprentice's professional
conduct as a plumber or gas fitter.
(4) Welfare of Persons Served .
(a) Neither a Licensee nor an Apprentice shall provide any services beyond the scope of
their practice or for that they are not appropriately licensed.
3/11/05 248 CMR -21
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.06: continued
(b) Neither a Licensee nor an Apprentice shall misrepresent qualifications, affiliations,
educational background or experience in the profession to the public, colleagues or other
individuals or institutions.
(c) Each Licensee and Apprentice shall fully inform persons served of the nature, possible
effects, and limitations of services rendered or to be rendered.
(d) Each Licensee's and Apprentice's fees shall be commensurate with services rendered.
Under no circumstances shall a Licensee or Apprentice charge for services not rendered.
(e) Unless required by law, neither a Licensee nor an Apprentice shall reveal to any
unauthorized person any confidential information obtained from the individual that the
Licensee or Apprentice serves professionally without the client's permission.
(f) Each Licensee and Apprentice shall take all reasonable precautions to avoid injuring
persons and property in the delivery of professional services.
(g) Each Licensee and Apprentice shall establish professional relationships with clients and
colleagues and follow acceptable patterns of professional conduct with such persons
regardless of race, religion, gender or age.
(5) Professional Qbiectivity/Conflict of Interest .
(a) Licensees and Apprentices shall maintain objectivity in all matters concerning the
welfare of persons served professionally.
(b) Licensees and Apprentices must guard against conflicts of professional interest. They
shall not engage in commercial activities that conflict with responsibility to clients or to
colleagues.
3.07: Complaint Handling Process
(1) Any person, organization, agent or employee of the Division of Professional Licensure, or
member of the Board may file a complaint or provide information to the Board that alleges
misconduct by a Licensee or Apprentice. Ifcomplairiant is not anonymous, the complainant shall
provide his or her name, address, and telephone number and a detailed description of the alleged
act(s) that prompted the complaint. The complaint form shall be signed by the complainant or
an authorized representative. The Board, at its discretion may investigate anonymous
complaints.
(2) Inquiry and Investigation . After receipt and review of a written complaint, the Board may
conduct or cause to be conducted any reasonable inquiry or investigation it deems necessary lo
determine the truth and validity of the allegation(s) set forth in such complaint. If the Board or
an authorized agent of the Board determines that the complaint is lacking in merit, it may close
the complaint.
(3) Request for Response and Response . If the Board or its duly authorized agent deteiinines
that a complaint has merit, the Board or its duly authorized agent may request that the Licensee
or Apprentice who is the subject of the complaint provide a response to the complaint. A
Licensee or Apprentice shall respond to a request for response, and such response may be made
either personally or through an attorney. A response shall address the substantive allegation(s)
set forth in the complaint or request for response, be provided in writing, and be provided in a
timely manner in accordance with such request.
(4) Investigative Conference . To facilitate disposition, the Board or its duly authorized agent
may request any person to attend an investigative conference to discuss the complaint and
response at any time prior to the commencement of a formal hearing conducted pursuant to
M.G.L. c. 30A.
(5) Disposition of Complaints . At any point during the course of an investigation or inquiry
into a complaint, the Board or its duly authorized agent may determine that there is not and will
not be sufficient evidence to warrant further proceedings or that the complaint fails to allege
misconduct for that a Licensee may be sanctioned by the Board. In such event, the Board may
dismiss or close its investigation of the complaint, and otherwise communicate with the Licensee
or Apprentice and/or the complainant as deemed appropriate by the Board.
3/11/05 248 CMR -22
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
3.07: continued
(6) Board Action Required . If a Licensee or Apprentice fails to respond as requested by the
Board or its duly authorized agent, or, after receipt of a response or at any point in the course of
investigation or inquiry into a complaint, the Board or its duly authorized agent determines that
there is reason to believe that the alleged acts occurred and constitute a violation for that a
Licensee or Apprentice may be sanctioned by the Board, the duly authorized agent or the Board
may issue an order to show cause or offer to resolve the complaint by consent agreement or
otherwise informally resolve the matter.
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 3.00: M.G.L. c. 112, § 61; M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 13 and 21.
?
3/11/05 248 CMR -23
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
3/11/05 248 CMR -24
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 4.00: INTRODUCTION AND MASSACHUSETTS MODMCATIONS
Section
4.01
4.02
4.03
Scope and Purpose
Definitions
Adoption of Relevant Codes and Overview of Modifications
4.01 : Scope and Purpose
248 CMR 4.00 governs the Board's adoption of the ANSI Z223. 1-2002 NFPA-54-2002
National Fuel Gas Code 2002 Edition and NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code 2001 Edition
and the modifications which comprise the Massachusetts Fuel and Gas Code.
4.02: Definitions
As used in 248 CMR 4.00 through 7.00.
NFPA-54 . The ANSI Z223. 1-2002 NFPA-54-2002 National Fuel Gas Code 2002 Edition.
NFPA-58 . The NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code 2001 Edition.
4.03: Adoption of Relevant Codes and Overview of Modifications
(1) Adoption of Relevant Codes : The Massachusetts Fuel Gas Code shall be:
(a) The ANSI Z223.I-2002 NFPA-54-2002 National Fuel Gas Code 2002 Edition as
modified in 248 CMR 4.00 and 248 CMR 5.00. A copy of ANSI Z223. 1-2002 NFPA-54-
2002 National Fuel Gas Code 2002 Edition may be obtained from any national bookstore
chain.
(b) The NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code 2001 Edition as modified in 248 CMR
4.00. A copy of NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code 2001 Edition may be obtained
from any national bookstore chain.
(c) 248 CMR 7.00 Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large Boilers.
(2) Overview of Modifications .
(a) Order of Precedence :
1. 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 shall take precedence when there is a conflict between
248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 and the NFPA-54.
2. 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 shall take precedence when there is a conflict between
248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00 and the NFPA-58.
3. In the event of a conflict between the 2002 Edition of NFPA-54-ANSI Z223.1
National Fuel Gas Code as modified in 248 CMR 4.00 and 248 CMR 5.00 and the 2001
Edition of the NFPA 58 Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum
Gases as modified in 248 CMR 4.00, the 2002 Edition of NFPA-54-ANSI Z223.1
National Fuel Gas Code with the modifications made in 248 CMR 4.00 and 5.00 shall
take precedence over the 2001 Edition of the NFPA 58 Standard for the Storage and
Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases with the modifications in 248 CMR 4.00.
(b) Modifications to NI^^PA 58 - NFPA 58-2001 Standard for the Storage and Handling
of Liquefied Petroleum Gases shall be modified as follows:
1 . Chapters 1 , 2, and 3 as they apply to the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Systems not
covered in NFPA-54-ANSIZ223 . 1 , 2002 have been adopted as the Code governing these
systems.
2. Reference to Storage Containers in Chapters 1, 2,and 3 are not adopted by the Board
given that FPR 527 CMR 6.00 governs Storage Containers.
3 . Reference to Engine Fuel Systems and LP-Gas Systems on Vehicles in Chapter 3 are
not adopted by the Board.
(c) NFPA-54- ANSI Z223.1 -2002 the National Fuel Gas Code shall be modified as
follows:
1 . Delete pages i through iv and substitute the following:
In accordance with the provisions of M.G.L. c. 142, § 13, the. Board makes the
following rules and regulations relative to the installation of fuel gas piping systems, fuel
gas utilization equipment, and related accessories throughout the Commonwealth.
3/11/05 248 CMR -25
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
4.03: continued
Nothing in 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 shall conflict with the provisions of
220 CMR Department ofTelecommunication and Energy lOO.OOthrough 113.00ofthe
Massachusetts Gas Distribution Code and nothing in 248 CMR shall supersede or
overrule any of the provisions of M.G.L. c. 142 or any code, rules, or regulations
established under the authority of M.G.L. c. 142.
Rule 1 ■ Gas piping systems, in general, shall be low pressure (not in excess of '/2 pound
per square inch or 14 inches water column).
Rule 2 . The requirements of 248 CMR 3.00 shall apply to all gas fitting work performed
in the Commonwealth.
Rule 3 . In cases of emergency a gas appliance may be turned on temporarily by the
licensed installer provided:
a. the installer has tested the piping in accordance with the appropriate section of
248 CMR;
b. the installer and the supplier are satisfied that the installation of piping and use
of the equipment will assure safe operation; and
c. the Inspector (or the chief inspector if more than one inspector) is notified and a
regular Inspection is made at the earliest opportunity but not later than the next
working day.
Rule 4 . Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas: (Propane Gas)
a. No deliveries of propane gas shall be made to any new or altered gas piping
installation without the supplier first ascertaining whether the Inspector has approved
the permit and Inspected the installation.
b. Alterations or additions to the original gas piping installation shall require re-
approval and issuance of new permits.
Rule 5 . Each trailer that is used in any way for human occupancy and incorporates a gas
piping system shall be inspected by the Inspector in every location and relocation where
such trailer is in use and reconnected to a fuel gas source that is regulated by 248 CMR
3.00 through 7.00.
Rule 6 . For the purpose of 248 CMR, the Inspector shall be either the Local or State
Inspector as determined under 248 CMR 3.00.
Rule 7 . An amendment to Title 49 CFR, Code of Federal Regulations Part 192,
Subpart A - General Section 192.3 Definitions of the minimum Federal Safety Standards
relating to transportation of Natural Gas and other Gas by Pipeline redefine a service line
to mean a distribution line that transports gas from a common source to:
a. A customer meter or the connection to a customer's piping, whichever is farther
downstream; or
b. The connection to a customer's piping if there is no customer meter. A customer
meter is the meter that measures the transfer of gas from an operator to a customer.
Rule 8 . Exception to PeiTnit Requirements of 248 CMR 3.00 . No peiTnit shall be
required for:
a. The adjusting of gas appliance controls, the adjusting of gas flames, the
replacement of gas controls, the installation or replacing of gas meters and regulators,
and the servicing of gas appliances shall be deemed work for which no permit shall
be required.
b. The restoration of gas service after a gas meter or meter fit is relocated under the
following rules:
i. The work shall be done by authorized employees of gas companies organized
under M.G.L. c. 164.
ii The required gas pipiiig reconnection shall not exceed ten feet.
iii. The gas piping reconnections shall be labeled by the installing gas company.
3/11/05 248 CMR -26
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
4.03: continued
Rule 9 . Gas shall not be turned on to a new or existing system, which has been renovated
unless the installation has been Inspected and approved by the Inspector as required
under 248 CMR 3.00.
Rule 10 . Whenever there is reason to believe that the gas system of any building or
structure has become defective, it shall be subjected to test and/or Inspections, any
defects found shall be corrected as required in writing by the Inspector.
Rule 11 . Whenever additional gas piping connections or alterations thereof are being
made or installed in existing buildings or premises, and existing gas fitting is found to
be in violation of 248 CMR to the point of being a health menace, nuisance or a safety
hazard, such existing gas fitting shall be made compliant with 248 CMR 3.00 through
7.00 before any additional work may be completed.
Rule 12 . In addition to the requirements of 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00, when gas
equipment, which is connected to a gas system, is to be permanently removed and/or
replaced, a permit for the work shall be secured. All connections to such equipment shall
be made gas tight by use of a plug or cap.
Rule 13 . Should a licensed plumber or gas fitter holding a gas permit for installation of
gas work turn on gas to such work without first notifying the Inspector, he may not be
granted any further gas permits upon the discretion of the Inspector.
Rule 14 . Surveyed . Priortothecommencement of work, all portions of existing systems
that are directly affected by proposed gas fitting work shall be surveyed by the licensed
plumber or gas fitter to insure that the existing work is adequate to support the proposed
work.
Rule 15 . In the case of a fire or explosion involving facilities or buildings regulated by
the Board, the Inspector shall in reasonable detail promptly notify the Board and the
Serving Gas Supplier. The Inspector or authorized agent of the State Fire Marshall shall
impound any gas piping or gas equipment involved in the incident which in his or her
opinion contributed in any way to the explosion or fire.
Rule 16 . Utility Gas and Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas systems within the same
building;
a. Utility gas and L.P^ gas systems shall not be installed within the same building
except where the Board has first granted Special-Permission under 248 CMR 3.00.
b. When the two gas systems are installed within the same building, the natural gas
piping system shall be color-coded yellow and the L. P. gas piping system colored
green.
c. Labeling : The gas piping systems shall be labeled:
i at a minimum of every ten feet;
ii. at all changes of direction;
iii. on each side of a penetration through a partition, wall or ceiling; and,
iv. at every gas shutoff valve.
v. The labels shall be:
(i) colored yellow with black lettering, indicating the type of gas and the
pressure contained within the piping system, and
(ii) the letters shall be sized so that the labeling can be read from a normal
line of vision when standing at the main floor level.
Rule 17 . The Limited Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installer shall be responsible for the gas
permits when installing, connecting, and moving liquefied petroleum gas salamanders,
space heaters and related equipment used in buildings under construction.
Rule 18 . A secondary meter assembly from utility gas companies is allowed down
stream of a master meter subject to all permits, testing, rules, and regulations.
3/11/05 248 CMR -27
248 CMR: BOAJID OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
4.03: continued
Rule 19 . Gas piping systems, for gas utilization equipment over 12,500,000 BTU/hour
and water tube boilers having outputs of 10,000 pounds of steam per hour or more
require:
a. that Special-permission by the Board be obtained before installation.
b. That the plans bear the seal of a Massachusetts Registered Professional Engineer.
c. That accompanying the plans is a letter from the servicing gas supplier indicating
that the fuel supply is available.
Rule 20 . Gas piping systems for cogeneration facilities require:
a. Special-pennission from the Board prior to installation.
b. That the plans bear the seal of a Massachusetts Registered Professional Engineer.
c . That accompanying the plans is a letter from the servicing gas supplier indicating
that the fuel supply is available.
Rule 21 . Repairs and Alterations .
a. In existing buildings or premises where gas piping installations are to be altered,
replaced, repaired, or renovated, deviations from the provisions of 248 CMR 3.00
through 7,00 are permitted, provided such deviations are found to conform to the
intent of 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00, and are approved by the Inspector.
b. Whenever compliance with the provisions of 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 fails
to eliminate or alleviate a nuisance which may involve health or safety hazards, the
owner or his or her agent shall install such additional gas utilization equipment as
may be found necessary by the Inspector.
. c. The intent of 248 CMR 4.03 Rule 21a. and b. shall apply only when a hardship
occurs due to mechanical or structural limitations, and when extreme circumstances
warrant special terras or conditions in the opinion of the Inspector and the servicing
gas supplier.
i. Deviations from the provisions of the code may be permitted in existing
building or premises where gas fitting installations are to be altered, repaired, or
renovated. The deviations shall be negotiated by the permit holder and the
Inspector prior to the installation. The deviations may be allowed provided that
the deviations are found necessary and conform to the scope and intent of
248 CMR.
ii. Whenever the work subject to a permit complies with the provisions of
248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00, but the Inspector notes other existing plumbing or
gas fitting that may cause a health or safety hazard, the Inspector shall notify the
owner of the hazard in writing.
Rule 22 . For gas utilization equipment in boilers or with burners having inputs that
exceed 400,000 BTU/hour per combustion chamber refer to 248 CMR 7.00,
Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large Boilers.
Rule 23 . Work on a gas supply systems at a point upstream of the outlet of the meter set
assembly or the service regulator when a meter is not provided;
a. Serving Gas Supplier . No person, unless in the employment of or having
permission from the sei^ving gas supplier, shall open or make connections with a gas
distribution main.
b. Service Gas Piping . When a gas meter is not provided, no persons, unless in the
employment of or having permission from the serving gas supplier, shall:
i. repair,
ii. alter,
iii. open or make connections to the service gas piping, or
iv. do any other work on the parts of the gas supply distribution system up to
and including the meter set assembly, or the service regulator.
c. Meter or Service Regulator When a Meter is not Provided .
i. No person, unless in the employment of or having permission from the serving
gas supplier, shall discormect the inlet of the gas meter, or service regulator when
a meter is not provided, or move such a meter or regulator.
3/11/05 248 CMR -28
4.03: continued
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
ii. A gas fitter or plumber may disconnect the piping from the outlet side of such
a meter or regulator. He or she shall remake the joint at the meter, or service
regulator outlet when a meter is not provided, carefully replacing all insulating
fittings or insulating parts of such fittings, and shall leave the gas turned off at the
meter or regulator.
d. Notify Serving Gas Supplier of Any Repairs Needed . In the case of any work
performed by a gas fitter or plumber that discloses the need for repairs or alterations
on any part of the gas supply system, the serving gas supplier shall be notified
promptly of this fact.
e. Notify Serving Gas Supplier of Any Leaks . If gas is leaking from any part of the
gas supply system, a gas fitter or plumber not in the employment of the serving gas
supplier may make the necessary repairs and shall promptly notify the Inspector and
serving gas supplier.
Rule 24 . The Board must certify the installer of a field installed automatic gas vent
damper.
Rule 25 . Penalties and Appeals .
a. Penalty . See 248 CMR 3.00 for penalty provisions.
b. Appeal Procedure . See 248 CMR 3.00 for appeal procedure.
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 4.00: M.G.L. c. 112, §61; M.G.L c. 142, §§ 13 and 21.
3/11/05 248 CMR -29
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
3/11/05 248 CMR -30
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 5.00: AMENDMENTS TO 2002 EDITION OF ANSI Z223. l-NFPA-54
Section
5.01: Scope and Purpose
5.02: 248 CMR 5.02 Modifications to sections of NFPA-54, Chapter 1
5.03: 248 CMR 5.03 Modifications to sections of NFPA-54, Chapter 5
5.04: 248 CMR 5.04 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 6
5.05: 248 CMR 5.05 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 7
5.06: 248 CMR 5.06 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 8
5.07: 248 CMR 5.07 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 9
5.08: 248 CMR 5.08 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 10
5.09: 248 CMR 5.09 Modifications to NFPA-54, Chapter 1 1
5.01 : Scope and Purpose
248 CMR governs the Board's modifications to NFPA-54.
5.02: Modifications to Sections of NFPA-54. Chanter 1
(1) Revise NFPA-54 section 1.1.1.1(A) as follows.
Coverage of piping systems shall extend form the point of delivery to the connections with
each gas utilization device. For other than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas systems, the
point of delivery shall be considered the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of
the service regulator or service shut off valve where no meter is provided. For undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas systems, the point of delivery shall be considered the outlet of the
first stage regulator.
(2) Revise NFPA-54 section 1.1.1.1(B) as follows.
All Gas piping systems, in general for all buildings and structures shall be low pressure (not
in excess of Vi P.S.I.G. or 14 inch water column) All low pressure gas piping systems shall
be designed using a maximum 0.5 inch water column pressure drop. Special-permission
pursuant to 248 CMR 3.00 may be granted for elevated pressure (greater than Vi P.S.I.G. or
14 inch water column) when gas utilization equipment specifically requires higher pressure
or when a designed low pressure system requires pipe sizes in excess of four inch I.P.S. An
elevated pressure Special-permission request form specified by the Board shall be filled out
completely and submitted to the Executive Secretary for the Board. If the Board grants
Special-permission, a copy shall be filed with the Inspector before the commencement of any
work.
(3) Revise NFPA-54 section 1.1.1 .2.( 1 3) as follows.
All Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum or Natural gas piping connections installed for the
purpose of providing temporary heat in or adjacent to buildings or structures under
construction or renovation shall comply with 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00:
,(4) Revise NFPA-54 section 1.1.2 as follows. Amend the first sentence to read:
Other Standards: In applying NFTPA - 54, reference should also be made to the
manufacturer's instructions, the serving gas supplier regulations, and local building, heating,
plumbing or other codes in effect in the area in which the installation is made,
5.03: Modifications to sections of NFPA-54. Chapter 5
(1) Revise NFPA-54 section 5. 1.1 as follows:
Permits and Piping Plans.
12/30/05 248 CMR -31
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.03: continued
(a) In addition to the permit requirements of 248 CMR 3.05, for gas installations of over
5,000,000 BTU/Hr the following is required:
1. A plan of the proposed piping system and equipment shall be submitted for approval
to the Inspector.
2. This plan shall contain a written statement from the local gas supplier that such fuel
. demand is available.
3. The system shall be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer.
(b) Gas piping systems requiring gas pressure in excess of Vi P.S.I.G. require Special-
permission of the Board before being installed. This Special-permission requirement does
not apply to propane gas piping systems that are between the first and second stage regulator
if the second stage regulator is located outside the building.
(2) Revise NFPA-54 section 5.4.2.1 by adding a last sentence and table as follows:
Diversity factor is an important factor determining the correct gas piping size to be used for
supplying domestic ranges in multiple family dwellings; it applies to domestic ranges only
and shall not apply to any other gas appliances.
TABLE
Multi-Family Dwellings
Diversity Factor in Percent of Total Load for
Domestic Gas Ranges with connected Load Ratings
of 63,000 Btu/hr. or more per Range
No. of Ranges
Demand cubic
ft/hour
Percent of
Rating
No. of Ranges
Demand cubic
ft/hour
Percent of
Ratings
1
63
100
13
270
33
2
107
85
14
283
32
3
132
70
15
293
31
4
151
60
16
312
31
5
173
55
17
332
30
6
189
50
18
340
30
7
198
50
19
346
29
8
212
42
20
353
28
9
225
39
21
358
27
10
233
31
22
374
27
11
243
37
23
390 ?
27
12
257
35
24 & Over
408
? 27
(3) Replace NFPA-54 section 5.5. 1 with the following:
Elevated Pressure Piping to be Labeled: Piping supplying gas at a pressure greater than V2
P.S.LG. or 14 inch water column shall be labeled:
(a) at a minimum of every ten feet;
(b) at all changes of direction;
(c) on each side of a penetration through a partition, wall or ceiling; and,
(d) at every gas shutoff valve.
(e) The labels shall:
1. be colored yellow with black lettering;
2. indicate the type of gas and the pressure contained within the piping system; and
3. the letters shall be sized so that the labeling can be read from a normal line of
vision when standing at the main floor level.
(4) Revise NFPA-54 section 5.6.2.1 as follows:.
Cast-iron and Galvanized Pipe and pipe fittings shall not be used.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 32
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.03: continued
(5) Replace NFPA-54 section 5.6.2.2 with the following.
Steel and Wrought-Iron.
(a) Steel and wrought-iron pipe shall be at least of standard weight (schedule 40) and
shall comply with one of the following standards:
1 . ANSI/ASME B36. 10, Welded and Seamless Wrought-Steel Pipe
2. ASTM A 53, Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot Dipped, Zinc-
Coated Welded and Seamless.
3. ASTM A 106, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-
Temperature Service.
(b) Welding of gas piping systetns with pressures under or equal to 70 P.S.I.G shall be
performed according to the following;
1 . Welding will be performed by a qualified welder who is a licensed plumber or
gas fitter, or under the direct supervision of a licensed plumber or gas fitter. The
welding shall conform to a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS), accompanied
by a Procedure Qualification Record ( PQR), which will be available to the Inspector.
■2. The WPS and PQR must be in accordance with one of the following:
a. American Welding Society (AWS) B2. 1
b. American Petroleum Institute (API) 1104
c. ASME Section DC
3. The installation shall meet the following Inspection criteria:
a. A visual Inspection as to the quality of the weld shall be performed in
accordance with AWS D 1.1 or API 1 104 standards
b. The test pressure used during an Inspection shall comply with the following:
i. Systems with a maximum operating pressure of ten P.S.I.G. or less, shaD
be tested to a minimum of three P.S.I.G. or ten times the operating pressure,
whichever is greater.
ii. Systems with an operating pressure greater than ten P.S.I.G. and less than
70 P.S.I.G. shall be tested at 100 P.S.I.G.
iii. The test duration shall be one hour for every 100 feet of pipe, or
fraction thereof. The minimum test duration shall be one hour and the
maximum test duration shall be 24 hours, irrespective of system design.
(c) Welding on gas piping systems with pressures over 70 P.S.I.G. shall be performed
according to the following:
1 . All welds shall be full penetration and performed by a qualified welder.
2. All welds shall be subjected to a 100% X-ray or 100% Ultrasonic Examination
(UT) test.
3. The manifolding in any combination of gas regulators and relief vents is
prohibited
4. All Socket Welded Type Joints on gas piping supplying pressures over 70
P.S.I.G. shall require a magnetic particle test or other recognized non-destructive test.
5. The gas piping system shall be pressure tested to a minimum of 1.25 times the
gas piping systems working pressure.
a. The test duration shall be a minimum of one hour.
b. The test shall be witnessed by the Inspector.
6. The testing company and their authorized field agent that provides the (UT) field
examination shall be certified by a recognized and accredited agency in such testing.
A copy of the AWS certification shall be submitted to the Board prior to the
examination.
7. Repairs that are made to welded joints that fail the X-Ray or (UT) test shall be
re-tested and re-certified. For future reference; the failed welded joint that is re-
tested shall be identified by stenciling Vi inch high white lettering at the weld
location the date of the re-test.
8. The Board shall require an affidavit signed by the individual who performed the
X-ray or (UT) examination for the testing agency. The affidavit shall state that all
welds meet the requirements of the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and that
all welds passed the X-Ray or (UT) examination.
3/11/05 248 CMR -33
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.03: continued
(6) Replace NFPA-54 section 5.6.3.4 with the following:
For purposes of this section CSST shall mean corrugated stainless steel tubing systems.
Corrugated stainless steel tubing systems must be tested and listed in accordance with ANSI/
LC- 1 -/CS A 6.26 and installed by manufacmrer trained, licensed plumbers and gas fitters The
system shall be sized in accordance with NFPA-54 - ANSI Z233. 1 - 2002.
(a) CSST Fittings. All fittings and accessories used in the installation of CSST piping
systems shall be approved by the CSST manufacturer for use with their system.
(b) CSST Concealed Fittings:
1. Where gas piping is to be concealed:
a. connections shall only be made with CSST fittings listed for use in concealed
spaces; and
b. connections shall be produced by the manufacturer of the CSST piping
system.
2. Malleable fittings shall be permitted in concealed locations when used in
combination with CSST fittings.
3. For each malleable fitting there shall only be a single CSST connection.
(c) Repairs to Concealed CSST Piping:
1. Repairs required in a CSST system which is concealed, or otherwise not readily
accessible, shall be repaired with a fitting hsted for the CSST system being used.
2. Installation of an access panel shall be required at the repair site.
(d) Interior Meter Connections: Interior meter connections may be directly connected
to the CSST system as long as the meter is securely affixed to the building, and the CSST
is secured to the building structure when 24 inches or more of tubing is exposed.
(e) Exterior Meter Connections:
1 . No CSST shall be connected to an exterior meter.
2. The tubing shall terminate at the foundation wall with a termination fitting, and
the meter shall be rigidly connected with steel piping to the building structure.
(f) Sleeved Gas CSST:
1 . CSST shall be sleeved when passing through a metal or concrete deck to protect
the integrity of the mbing and be fire - stopped in accordance with the State Building
Code.
2. The sleeve shall be Schedule 40 black or galvanized pipe and shall extend a
minimum six inches from the top of the finished floor and the underside of the deck,
(g) Only manifolds for CSST systems supplied and listed by the CSST manufacturer
may be concealed.
1 . Assembled manifolds shall be installed in an accessible location as defined in the
2002NFGC-Z223.1.
2. Assembled manifold is a piping combination made up of close nipples and
malleable tees.
(h) Fireplace Log Installations:
1 . CSST shall terminate with a termination fitting at the entrance to the masonry fire
box.
2. The workmanship shall be performed and completed in such a manner so that the
termination will not be exposed to any adverse effects.
(i) Fixed Appliance Connection Using CSST: CSST may be directly connected to a
fixed appliance when the following conditions are met.
1 . The tubing is securely attached to the building structure or other means of solid
support.
. 2. Tubing shall not run exposed for a distance greater than or equal to 30 inches
without being physically attached to the building stmcture or other means of solid
support.
3. CSST terminates with a proper fitting and gas cock,
(j) CSST Used Underground:
1 . When in contact with the earth or other material that could corrode the piping, the
CSST shall be installed within a sleeve designed to withstand the superimposed
loads.
3/11/05 248 CMR -34
5.03: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
2. Except for pre-engineered sleeves that are Product-approved by the Board, the
sleeve shall allow free movement of the CSST.
3. All sleeve ends shall be sealed liquid tight.
4. An acceptable tape marking system shall be in place no more than six inches from
the top of the grade indicating that a gas line is below.
5. The minimum depth for buried gas piping as describe herein is 18 inches from
the top of grade and the minimum size of the CSST to be buried is % inch.
(k) CSST Used as an Appliance Connection: CSST shall not be used as a flexible
?appliance connector downstream of the appliance shutoff device.
(I) Sizing CSST Systems: CSST systems shall be sized and installed with a maximum
14 inch water column (Vi P.S.I.G.) gas pressure unless Special -permission has been
granted by the Board.
(m) CSST Installation and Modifications: Installation of CSST in the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts shall be in strict compliance with the manufacturer's instructions and
the Massachusetts State Plumbing and Gas Code 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00.
(n) Testing Requirements for CSST Systems:
1. Before any piping is covered, when CSST piping systems are installed in new
construction or remodeling, the system shall be tested as part of the Inspection as
prescribed under NFPA-54 Chapter 7.1 as modified under 248 CMR 5.05.
2. Before piping is connected to any appliance the licensed plumber or gas fitter
shall do a second test of the system.
3. A tag shall be:
a. affixed to the meter or service manifold acknowledging this test; and
b. signed and dated by the licensed plumber or gas fitter.
(o) Liquid Leak Detector: No corrosive liquids shall be used in the testing of the CSST
system. Some household soaps and detergents may be corrosive to gas and plumbing
products.
(p) Exposed CSST. Tubing: When CSST is installed outdoors or is subject to corrosive
chemicals, exposed stainless CSST tubing (where the jacket has been removed) shall be
recovered with tape as specified by the CSST manufacturer. (After the completion of
testing.)
(q) CSST Piping Installed on Roofs: CSST shall be installed for roof top equipment
only when it is supported by one of the following methods:
1 . The CSST tubing with a UV stabilized jacket is supported the full length of the
CSST run.
a. The tubing shall be affixed to a wooden plank or a steel channel that is
securely attached by an appropriate method every six feet to the roof structure.
b. The tubing shall be attached directly to the support every six-feet.
2. The CSST tubing is installed within a metal or plastic conduit that is securely
attached by an appropriate method every six feet to the roof structure. Where the
piping system requires a tee to be installed within the line, the sleeve shall terminate
no more than 12 inches from the tee on both runs and the branch line.
3. For CSST tubing having sizes of IV2 inch and two inches and having a UV
stabilized jacket, the following requirements shall be satisfied:
a. the CSST shall be supported on blocks which are spaced not more than 48
inches apart.
b. The blocks shall be constructed of materials appropriate for outdoor
conditions and shall be securely attached by an appropriate method to the roof
structure, and
. c. The method used to attach the CSST to the block shall not damage the plastic
coating.
4. The maximum length of tubing not supported by any method listed shall not
exceed 30-inches when connected to a gas fired roof top unit or similar gas
equipment.
3/11/05 248 CMR -35
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.03: continued
(7) ReviseNFPA-54section5.6.7.4by replacing it with the following:
Thread Compounds: Thread (joint) compounds (pipe dope) and pipe thread sealing tape
(Teflon, etc.) shall be resistant to the actions of liquefied petroleum gas or to any other
chemical constituents of the gases to be conducted through the piping.
(8) Revise NFPA-54 section 5. 1 2 as follows:
5.12 Acceptable Shutoff Devices: Gas Cocks and Ball Valves installed for use shall either
be listed by a nationally recognized testing agency or comply with applicable American
Standard Approval or Listing Requirements and shall be Product-Approved by the Board.
They shall:
(a) Have clearly indicated open and closed positions and rigidly secured stops to limit
both extremes of rotation. W.O.G. Ball Valves lever or Tee Handle Type are acceptable.
(b) Show no evidence of leakage when subjected to an air pressure test of a six inch
mercury column (3 P.S.I.G.) for ten minutes.
(c) Be capable of withstanding without deformation, breakage or leakage the following
"Turning Effort" standards when screwed onto a pipe fitting:
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE TURNING EFFORT
Vi inch 300 inch-pounds
Vi inch 450 inch-pounds
1 inch 600 inch-pounds
VA inch 700 inch-pounds
I'/zinch 750 inch-pounds .
2 inch 950 inch-pounds
2^2 inch 1050 inch-pounds
3 inch 1050 inch-pounds
(d) Have a capacity not less than that specified in the following table for 0.60 Specific
Gravity, 1000 BTU Per Cubic Foot Gas at 1.0 inch water column pressure drop.
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE MINIMUM CAPACITX
?/2inch 260,000 BTU Per hour
3/4 inch 698,000 BTU Per hour
1 inch 1,1 92,000 BTU Per hour
Wa inch 1,768,000 BTU Per hour
P/zinch 3,097,000 BTU Per hour
2 inch 5,346,000 BTU Per hour
21/2 inch 6,859,000 BTU Per hour
3 inch 11,923,000 BTU Per hour
(e) Each valve shall be marked in a conspicuous place with the manufacturer's name or
trademark.
(Testing procedures for 5. 12(b), (c), and (d) shall be consistent with those outlined in the
American National Standard for Manually Operated Gas Valves).
(9) After NFPA-54 section 5.13 add a new section 5. 14 as follows:
5.14 Installation of Consumer-owned Gas Pressure Boosters.
(a) When Special -permission has been granted by the Board and the serving gas supplier
has granted its approval, consumer owned gas pressure boosters may be installed in that
portion of the gas piping system extending from the outlet of the meter set assembly to
the inlet of the equipment requiring the elevated pressure.
(b) Hermetically Sealed: Gas pressure boosters shall be of the hermetically sealed type.
Any exception to this provision shall be noted in the applicant's Special-Permission
request to the Board.
3/11/05 248 CMR -36
5.03: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(c) Proper Location:
1 . Gas pressure boosters shall be installed on a firm foundation or concrete floor and
shall be free of vibration.
2. Gas pressure boosters shall be located in well-ventilated spaces and readily
accessible for examination, replacement or necessary maintenance.
(d) Underpressure Protection Device: A manual reset low pressure shutoff device shall
be installed between the gas pressure booster and the gas meter to protect against a
reduction in supply pressure lower than that acceptable to the serving gas supplier.
(e) Additional Provisions:
1 . Gas pressure boosters shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
2. The gas equipment for which the booster is required, shall be equipped with a
properly set, low gas pressure switch that will prove the correct pressure is available
before startup.
3. Check valves shall be installed to prevent the increased pressure from
pressurizing the system upstream of the booster. Where bypasses are installed they
shall include a shutoff valve and a check valve.
4. A pressure regulator to maintain a constant outlet pressure shall be installed
immediately downstream of the booster (exception: not required if the booster has
an integral pressure regulator).
5.04: Modifications to NFPA-54. Chapter 6
(1) After NFPA-54 section 6.1.6 add a new sub-section 6.1.6.1 as follows;
Minimum Size: Threaded gas piping underground shall be % inch iron pipe size on low-
pressure gas systems. Installation shall conform to Section 6.1 Piping Underground.
(2) After NFPA - 54 section 6.3.1 add a new sub-section 6.3. 1. 1 as follows:
Minimum Size: No gas piping smaller than standard Yi inch iron pipe size shall be installed
in any concealed location.
(3) After NFPA -54 section 6.3.4 add a new section 6.3.4.1 as follows:
CSST installed vertically and horizontally in concealed wall spaces or partitions of 2 X 4
construction that does not penetrate the walls, floors or partitions shall be protected in
accordance with 248 CMR 5.04: Table Il-a.
Table II- a
Profection of
Tubing Orientation
CSST Tubing Installed in Concealed Wall Spaces of 2 X 4 Construction
Insulation
Tubing Size
and Location
Type
< 1-inch
> 1-inch
Vertical Interior
None
1. Single runs only.
Same as CSST < in and CSST
Wall
2. Tubing not secured to structure.
manufacturer specified
3. CSST manufacturer specified
shielding device along entire
strilce plates at points of penetration.
length in concealed space.
4. CSST Strike plates on both sides
of wall.
Horizontal Interior
None
CSST manufacturer specified shielding device along length between
Wall
studs and strike plates at points of penetration on both sides of wall.
Vertical Exterior
Non-Rigid
1. Single runs only.
Same as CSST < in and CSST
Wall
(Fiberglass)
2. Tubing not secured to structure.
manufacturer specified
3. Tubing installed between insula-
shielding device along entire
tion and wall board.
length in concealed space.
4. CSST manufacturer specified
strike plates at points of penetration
Vertical Exterior
Rigid
Schedule 40 pipe or CSST manufacturer specified shielding device
Wall
along entire length and at points of penetration.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 37
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.05: Modifications to NFPA-54. Chapter 7
(1) Revise NFPA-54 section 7.1 as follows:
Pressure Testing and Inspection:
(a) Inspection of the rough gas system: Inspections shall conform to the requirements
of 248 CMR 3.00 in addition to the following:
1. Before any gas piping system is put into service, it shall be tested in the presence
of the Inspector to insure that it meets the requirements of 248 CMR. Where any
part of the gas piping system is to be enclosed or concealed, the test shall be
conducted prior to the covering of any portion of the gas piping system. The test
medium shall be air or other inert gas {e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide). OXYGEN
SHALL NEVER BE USED.
2. Gas piping systems, not in excess of Vi P.S.I.G. or 14 inches water column,
extending from the outlet of the meter set assembly to the closed shutoff valve of
each appliances shall withstand a pressure of at least six inches mercury or three
pounds gauge for a period of not less than ten minutes without showing any drop in
pressure. Pressure shall be measured with a mercury manometer, slope gauge or an
equivalent device so calibrated as to be read in increments of not greater than 1/10
pound. The source of pressure shall be isolated before the pressure tests are made.
3. If an additional appliance is connected to a gas piping system previously installed,
the additional piping shall be isolated and tested to a pressure of at least six inches
of mercury or three pounds gauge for a period of not less than ten minutes without
showing any drop in pressure and the remainder of the piping system previously
installed may be tested to not more than three inches of mercury or 1 Vz pounds gauge
for a period of not less than ten minutes without showing any drop in pressure.
4. Gas piping systems for industrial and other large installations shall be tested at
a pressure at least ten times (maximum 100 P.S.I.G.) the proposed maximum
working pressure. Test duration shall be long enough to determine if there are any
leaks but not less than one hour for each 100 linear feet of pipe or fraction thereof.
The duration of the test need not exceed 24 hours irrespective of system design.
5. Gas piping systems for undiluted liquefied petroleum gases. Such gas piping
systems shall be tested at a pressure no less than IV2 times the proposed working
pressure, but not less than three P.S.I.G. for not less than ten minutes without the
gauge showing any drop in pressure, irrespective of design pressure.
6. All piping before the. second stage low pressure regulator in undiluted liquefied
petroleum gas systems shall be tested using a pressure not less than the maximum
operating pressure of the tank or container, for a period of not less than ten minutes
without any drop in pressure.
(b) Inspection of Final Gas System:
1. After the test of the rough piping for tightness as described in 248 CMR
5.05(l)(a) gas may be turned on and appliances tested at normal operating pressure
by means:
a. of a non-corrosive foaming agent test; or
b. by the use of an electronic leak detector.
2. Following the testing and approval of a gas system, the Inspector shall attach a
permanent tag in a conspicuous place indicating that the system has passed
Inspection.
5.06: Modifications to NFPA-54. Chapter 8
( 1 ) Revise NFPA-54 section 8 . 1 . 1 as follows :
Appliances, Accessories and Equipment to comply with Standard Requirements. All gas
appliances, accessories and gas utilization equipment shall comply as follows.
(a) All residential and commercial appliances shall be listed by a nationally recognized
testing agency, constructed in accordance with applicable American National Standards
Institute (ANSI), and Product-approved by the Board.
3/11/05 . 248 CMR -38
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.06: continued
(b) Commercial and industrial equipment that is not certified by a nationally recognized
testing agency acceptable to the Board shall not be installed unless Special-permission
has been granted by the Board or the Lispector has granted his or her approval prior to
the installation. Such installation, if allowed, shall be in accordance with NFPA-54
Chapter 1 1 entitled Procedures for the Initial Operation of Industrial Gas Equipment as
., modified by 248 CMR 5.09.
(c) A List of Reference Standards acceptable to the Board is provided in Appendix A
of NFPA-54. It may be referred to for the installation of specific equipment.
(2) Add new NFPA-54 section 8. L 10.4:
Direct Vent Appliances, as defined in Section 3.3.68, may be installed.
(3) Add the following language after the last paragraph of NFPA-54 section 8.1. II. 2:
Exception No. 3: Direct Vent Appliances, as defined in Section 3.3.68 may be installed.
(4) Revise NFPA-54 section 8.1.22 as follows:
(a) The installing agency shall conform to the equipment manufacturers specific
recommendations in completing an installation that will provide satisfactory performance and
semceability.
(b) The installing agency shall also leave the manufacturer's installation, operating and
maintenance instructions in a location at the premises where they will be readily available
for reference and guidance of the authority having jurisdiction, the Inspector, serviceperson
and the owner or operator.
(c) When required by the Inspector, a copy of the manufacturer's installation, operating and
maintenance instructions shall be given to said authority for review within two working days
prior to calling for a fmal Inspection.
(5) Revise NFPA-54 8.5.1 as follows: Add to sub-section (3) as follows:
(a) In addition to being Product-approved under 248 CMR 3.00, flexible appliance
connectors shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z21.24 and shall be approved by a
nationally recognized testing agency recognized by the Board.
(b) The maximum length of a connector shall not exceed 36 inches.
(c) A flexible connector shall not be installed where it will be subject to physical or thermal
damage.
(d) A flexible appliance connector shall not be used on gas pressure in excess of V2 pound
per square inch gauge (P.S.i.G.).
(e) An accessible shutoff valve shall be located on rigid piping upstream of a flexible
connector.
(f) Only one flexible connector shall be used for connecting each appliance.
(g) A flexible connector shall not be re-used except for disconnecting and reconnecting the
original appliance for servicing.
(h) A flexible connector shall not extend from one room to another nor pass through any
walls, partitions, ceilings or floors.
(6) Revise NFPA-54 section 8.5.4 as follows: Add at the end
Laboratories or similar spaces in Schools, Colleges, Universities or similar occupancies or
classrooms where gas burning laboratory type equipment is used by students shall be
equipped with a single readily accessible emergency master shutoff valve located within the
laboratory or space. This valve shall be kept closed except during periods of equipment use.
This provision shall also apply whenever alterations to existing gas systems are made.
3/11/05 248 CMR -39
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
5.07: Modifications to NFFA-54. Chapter 9
(1) Revise NFPA-54 section 9.1 by adding the following last sentence:
Unlisted equipment or accessories shall be prohibited unless Product-approval is granted by
the Board or the Inspector.
(2) Revise NFPA-54 section 9. 1.2 by replacing it with the following language:
Gas utilization equipment shall not be installed so its combustion, ventilation and dilution
air is obtained from a bedroom or bathroom. EXCEPTION: Type 1 dryers may be installed
in bathrooms when air for combustion and ventilation is introduced to the space according
to the following:
(a) The minimum size of the single air intake shall be equal to the size of the exhaust
vent of the di7er.
(b) The air for combustion shall not be obtained from a bedroom or bathroom.
(c) The air for combustion shall be obtained from a space that is sized according to 8.3.
(d) The dr)'er is installed according to 9.4.
(3) Revise NFPA-54 9.6. 1 by replacing it to read as follows:
Decorative appliances for installation in vented fireplaces that are installed in bedrooms or
bathrooms shall be of the type that obtain all air for combustion directly from the outdoors.
When decorative appliances are installed in vented fireplaces, the flue damper must be
removed or welded in a fully open position.
(4) Revise NFPA-54 section 9.7.1 to read as follows:
Vented gas fireplaces that are installed in bedrooms or bathrooms shall be of the types and
design that obtain all air for combustion directly from the outdoors.
(5) Revise NFPA-54 section 9.8.1 by adding a second sentence as follows:
The specifications for Non- Re-circulating Direct Gas-fired Industrial Air Heaters shall
require that there be no more than 50 P.P.M. of Carbon Monoxide in the total volume of air
discharged from the unit.
(6) Revise NFPA-54 section 9.8.2 to read as follows: Non-Re-circulating Direct Gas-fired
Industrial Air Heaters shall not be used to supply any area containing sleeping quarters or places
of public assembly. These units are intended for use in industrial and commercial occupancies,
such as commercial kitchens, factories, and warehouses where there is direct relief. All other
installations require Special-perjmission by the Board.
(7) After NFPA-54 section 9.9. 1 add a new sub-section 9.9. 1 . 1 as follows:
The specifications for Re-circulating Direct Gas-fired Industrial Air Heaters shall require that
there be no more than 50 P.P.M. of Carbon Monoxide in the total volume of air discharged
from the unit. .
(8) Revise NFPA-54 section 9.9.2.1 to read as follows:
Re-circulating Direct Gas-fired Industrial Air Heaters shall not be used to supply any area
containing sleeping quarters or places of public assembly. These units are intended for use
in industrial and commercial occupancies, such as factories and warehouses where there is
direct relief. All other installations require Special-permission by the Board.
3/11/05 248 CMR -40
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.07: continued
(9) After NFPA-54 section 9.12.8 add a new section, 9. 12.9 as follows:
Thermally Actuated Gas Shutoff Valves Used for Commercial Cooking Equipment (In-Line
Gas Valves).
When in-line gas valves are used in junction with a fire protection/suppression system,
the installation of these valves shall conform to the following:
(a) Only a licensed plumber or gas fitter shall install an in-line gas valve in new or
existing gas piping for the purpose of shutting off the gas supply to commercial cooking
equipment.
(b) All in-line gas valves shall be mechanical type with manual reset and shall be
installed in close proximity to the cooking equipment and shall shut off the gas supply
to the equipment served by the hood and duct system protected by the
extinguisher/suppression system.
(c) A plan of the 'Mechanical Fuel Shutoff System" shall be submitted to the Inspector
prior to any installation.
(d) If a wiring and gas piping plan in which an electrically operated gas valve is
necessary for certain equipment it shall be submitted to the Board for Special-permission.
When Special-permission has been granted by the Board, a copy of this plan shall be
submitted to the Inspector.
(e) When an in-line gas valve is used in conjunction with a fire prevention suppression
system, a permanent notice shall be posted at the reset device and gas meter or propane
regulator cautioning the operator to shut off the gas to all appliances before resetting the
device.
(f) Actuation of the in-line gas valve shall be made in the presence of the Inspector at
the time of the gas piping tests.
(g) An annual inspection certificate shall be submitted to the. Inspector certifying that
the in-line gas valve is in working condition.
(h) In any case not covered by these provisions, contact the Board for a ruling.
(10) Add a new NFPA-54 section 9.12.10 as follows:
Unlisted Food Service Equipment or accessories shall be prohibited unless Product-approved
by the Board.
(a) The use of gas range ovens, broilers, or top burners for space heating shall be
prohibited.
(b) The installation of gas ranges with match-lit ovens shall be prohibited.
(c) The installation of any listed or unlisted commercial cooking range without a listed
type oven safety pilot shall be prohibited.
(1 1) Revise and replace NFPA-54 section 9.23.1 as follows:
(a) Prohibited Installations: Unvented room heaters shall not be installed in bathrooms
or bedrooms.
(b) Only direct vented appliances, (see definition 3.3.68) shall be installed in sleeping
quarters, bedrooms and bathropms and shall be installed in accordance with 248 CMR
3.00 though 7.00.
(12) After NFPA-54 section 9.23.4 add a new section. 9.23.5 as follows:
Un-vented Room Heaters shall be installed in accordance with 527 CMR 30.00 and
248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00:
(a) Permits and Inspections: In addition to complying with 248 CMR 3.05 the following
requirements must be satisfied;
1 . A permit shall be obtained from the head of the fire department and the local or
state gas inspector having jurisdiction for the installation of all unvented propane or
natural gas-fired space/room heaters.
3/11/05 248 CMR -41
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.07: continued
2. The permits shall be conditioned upon final inspection and approval of
installation by the head of the fire department and the local or state gas inspector
having jurisdiction.
3. A copy of the manufacturer's installation/operating literature shall be submitted
with each permit application.
4. Before operation, the Head of the Fire Department and the local or state gas
inspector shall inspect the installation for compliance with 527 CMR (Board of Fire
Prevention Regulations) and 248 CMR (Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and
Gas Fitters).
5. A final inspection by the state or local gas inspector of the unvented space/room
heater shall not be performed until proof is provided that the head of the fire
department having jurisdiction has granted a permit.
(b) Unvented propane or natural gas-fired space/room. heaters shall conform to ANSI
Z21.11.2, be equipped with an oxygen depletion safety (ODS) shuioff system and be
Product-approved in accordance with 248 CMR.
(c) Unvented propane or natural gas-fired space/room heaters shall be installed in
accordance with their listings and the manufacturer's instructions. Proper clearances to
combustibles shall be maintained. In no case shall the clearances be such as to interfere
with combustion air and accessibility.
(d) Installations shall be of a permanent type, with a permanently piped fuel supply in
accordance with 248 CMR. LPG appliances shall be subject to the storage requirements
in accordance with 527 CMR 6.00. Portable unvented propane or natural gas-fired
space/room heaters shall be prohibited.
(e) Unvented propane or natural gas-fu-ed space/room heaters shall be prohibited in
bedrooms and bathrooms.
(f) Space/room heaters shall be properly sized for the room or space of installation, but
shall not exceed a maximum of 40,000 BTU input per room or space.
(g) In occupancies with an unvented propane or natural gas-fired space/room heater, no
less than one listed carbon monoxide detector that is installed in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions shall be installed and maintained near the space where the
heater is located.
1 . Any building wherein the heater is to be installed shall, as a precondition to such
installation, have working smoke detectors installed and maintained in accordance
with the requirements of 780 CMR (State Board of Building Regulations and
Standards) in effect at the time of construction or;
2. If no requirement was in effect at the time of construction the smoke detector
shall be compliant and installed as provided for in M.G.L. c. 148, § 26E.
(h) In rooms and buildings served by an unvented propane or natural gas-fired
space/room heater, a primary source of heat, which is operable, shall be permanently
installed and maintained in the building in accordance with 105 CMR (Department of
Pubhc Health).
(i) Sellers of unvented propane or natural gas-fired space/room heaters shall provide to
each purchaser a copy of 527 CMR 30.00 upon sale of the unit.
(13) After NFPA-54 section 9.24 add the following new sub-sections:
(a) 9.24.1 Solenoid Valve: Gas engines shall be equipped with an automatic solenoid
gas valve electrically connected to the ignition circuit of the engine that closes whenever
the engine stops running.
(b) 9.24.2 Flexible connectors:
1 . Engines operating at gas pressure of 1 5 P.S .I.G. or less connected to generator of
1 5 KW or less may use a flexible neoprene hose bearing the manufacturer's name and
acceptance for LP. or Natural Gas service.
2. Engines operating at gas pressures above 1 5 P.S.I.G. connected to generators with
an output of 15 KW or more shall use a Product-approved flexible connector.
3/11/05 248 CMR -42
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
5.07: continued
(c) 9.24.3 Fuel Supply: Fuel lines to gas engines shall be supplied only from hard case
gas meters.
(d) 9.24.4 Emergency power generators for life safety purposes shall be installed
according to the following:
1. A dedicated fuel line shall be installed for the emergency power generator
immediately downstream of the meter assembly or shut off valve (if no meter is
provided).
2. The fuel line for the emergency power generator and the fuel line for the
remaining appliances shall have shut off valves installed immediately downstream
of the meter fit to enable each line to operate independently.
3. The installation of pressure regulators, if required, shall enable each fuel line to
operate independently and not adversely affect the gas pressure of the other fuel line.
4. The fuel line for the emergency power generator shall be labeled at:
a. the shutoff valve,
b. on each side of the wall, floor or roof penetration, and
c. every ten feet with the following:
WARNING: Emergency Power Generator for Life Safety Systems. Do not shut
off without the approval of appropriate aiithorities.
(14) Add a new NFPA-54 section 9.32 as follows:
Gas-fired Kilns . Gas-fired Kilns shall not be installed until after Special-permission under
248 CMR 3.00 has been granted by the Board.
5.08: Modifications to NFPA-54. Chapter 10
(1) Revise NFPA-54 section 10.5.4.2 by adding a second exception as follows:
Existing chimneys shall be permitted to have their use continued when a gas conversion
burner is installed, and shall be equipped with a manually reset device that will automatically
shut off the gas to the burner in the event of a sustained back-draft.
(2) Revise 10.8.3 by adding the following additional requirements:
(a) For all side wall horizontally vented gas fueled equipment installed in every dwelling,
building or structure used in whole or in part for residential purposes, including those owned
or operated by the Commonwealth and where the side wall exhaust vent termination is less
than seven feet above finished grade in the area of the venting, including but not limited to
decks and porches, the following requirements shall be satisfied:
1. INSTALLATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS . At the time of
installation of the side wall horizontal vented gas fueled equipment, the installing
plumber or gasfitter shall observe that a hard wired carbon monoxide detector with an
alarm and battery back-up is installed on the floor level where the gas equipment is to be
installed. In addition, the installing plumber or gasfitter shall observe that a battery
operated or hard wired carbon monoxide detector with an alarm is installed on each
additional level of the dweUing, building or structure served by the side wall horizontal
vented gas fueled equipment. It shall be the responsibility of the property owner to secure
the services of qualified licensed professionals for the installation of hard wired carbon
monoxide detectors
a. In the event that the side wall horizontally vented gas fueled equipment is
installed in. a crawl space or an attic, the hard wired carbon monoxide detector with
alarm and battery back-up may be installed on the next adjacent floor level.
b. In the event that the requirements of this subdivision can not be met at the time
of completion of installation, the owner shall have a period of 30 days to comply with
the above requirements; provided, however, that during said 30 day period, a battery
operated carbon monoxide detector with an alarm shall be installed.
2. APPROVED CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS . Each carbon monoxide
detector as required in accordance with the above provisions shall comply with NFPA
720 and be ANSI/UL 2034 listed and L\S certified.
12/30/05 248 CMR -43
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.08: continued
3. SIGNAGE . A metal or plastic identification plate shall be permanently mounted to
the exterior of the building at a minimum height of eight feet above grade directly in line
with the exhaust vent terminal for the horizontally vented gas fueled heating appliance
or equipment. The sign shall read, in print size no less than Vz inch in size, "GAS VENT
DIRECTLY BELOW. KEEP CLEAR OF ALL OBSTRUCTIONS".
4. INSPECTION . The state or local gas inspector of the side wall horizontally vented
gas fueled equipment shall not approve the installation unless, upon inspection, the
inspector observes carbon monoxide detectors and signage installed in accordance with
the provisions of 248 CMR 5.08(2)(a)l through 4.
(b) EXEMPTIONS : The following equipment is exempt from 248 CMR 5. 08(2)(a)l.
through 4.:
1. The equipment listed in Chapter 10 entitled "Equipment Not Required To Be
Vented" in the most current edition of NFPA 54 as adopted by the Board; and
2. Product Approved side wall horizontally vented gas fueled equipment installed in a
room or structure separate from the dwelling, building or structure used in whole or in
part for residential purposes.
(c) MANUFACTURER REOUIREMENTS - GAS EOUIPMENT VENTING SYSTEM
PROVIDED . When the manufacturer of Product Approved side wall horizontally vented gas
equipment provides a venting system design or venting system components with the
equipment, the instructions provided by the manufacturer for installation of the equipment
and the venting system shall include:
1 . Detailed instructions for the installation of the venting system design or the venting
system components; and
2. A complete parts list for the venting system design or venting system.
(d) MANUFACTURER REOUIREMENTS - GAS EOUIPMENT VENTING SYSTEM
NOT PROVIDED . When the manufacturer of a Product Approved side wall horizontally
veiited gas fueled equipment does not provide the parts for venting the flue gases, but
identifies "special venting systems", the following requirements shall be satisfied by the
manufacturer:
1. The referenced "special venting system" instructions shall be included with the
appliance or equipment installation instructions; and
2. The "special venting systems" shall be Product Approved by the Board, and the
instructions for that system shall include a parts list and detailed installation instructions. .
(e) A copy of all installation instructions for all Product Approved side wall horizontally
vented gas fueled equipment, all venting instructions, all parts lists for venting instructions,
and/or all venting design instructions shall remain with the appliance or equipment at the
completion of the installation.
(3) After NFPA-54 section 10.10.4.2 add a new section 10.10.4.3 as follows:
When more than four gas appliances are to be vented through a common gas vent or common
horizontal vent manifold, a plan of the proposed vent installation shall be submitted to the-
Inspector and the serving gas supplier for review and approval.
5.09: Modifications to NFPA-54. Chapter 1 1
After NFPA-54 section 11.7 add new 11.8 in sections as follows:
Procedures for Initial Operation of Industrial Gas Equipment as defined in 248 CMR 7.01:
(1) 11.8.1 General:
(a) The following procedures are to be followed in connection with initial operation of
gas equipment, necessary adjustments, development of operating instructions, instruction
of the operator in the safe and satisfactory use of the equipment and required acceptance
tests.
(b) An authorized representative of the gas equipment manufacturer shall be used to
start, light, and adjust burners, mixers, flames, blowers, temperature controls and safety
devices.
12/30/05 248 CMR -44
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
5.09: continued
(2) 1 1.8.2 New Gas Equipment Procedures:
(a) Before initial start, it shall be determined by physical check that all protective
devices are connected and operative, the installation is in all respects capable of safe
operation, the equipment has been purged in accordance with manufacturer's instructions,
and that all concerned persons have been notified.
(b) Initial Start-up and Final Adjustments. An authorized representative of the gas
equipment manufacturer shall perform the initial start up, final adjusting and testing of
the burner and controls in the presence of the Inspector and a gas company
representative.
(c) Operation: Installed protective devices shall be tested under operating conditions as
promptly as possible to determine that they are functioning properly. Other instruments
and controls should also be tested in the same manner. Gas equipment shall be shut
doWn immediately if any defect is noted during initial start-up or operation. Defects
shall be corrected before the equipment is again started. In shutting down equipment,
manufacturers instructions and applicable safety requirements shall be followed.
(d) Adjustments: Adjustments to burners, pilots, ignition devices, safety devices, and
controls shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and applicable
safety requirements.
(3) 11.8.3 Operating Instructions: Operating instructions, as supplied by equipment
manufacturers, shall be assembled and integrated into a system, delivered to the user, and the
operator instructed in their use in order to assure safe and satisfactory operation of the
equipment.
(4) 11.8.4 Acceptance Tests: Acceptance tests shall be conducted if necessary to establish
compliance with applicable codes or requirements of the Inspector.
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 5.00: M.G.L. c. 1 12, § 61; M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 13 and 21.
12/30/05 248 CMR -44.1
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
12/30/05 248 CMR - 44.2
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(248 CMR 6.00: RESERVED)
3/11/05 248 CMR -45
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAAllNERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 46
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 7:00: MASSACHUSETTS CODE FOR GAS UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT IN LARGE
BOILERS
Section
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
Scope and Purpose
Definitions
General Provisions
Installation of Burners and Controls
Initial Start-up and Final Adjustments
7.01: Scope and Purpose
248 CMR 7.00 covers gas utilization equipment in commercial and industrial boilers having
inputs over 400,000 BTU per hour per combustion chamber except: gas designed atmospheric
multiple burner type boilers and water-tube boilers having outputs of 10,000 pounds of steam
per hour (approximately 12,500,000 BTU per hour input) or more.*
7.02: Defmitions
As used in 248 CMR 7.00:
Air Shutter . An adjustable device for varying the size of the air inlet or inlets regulating primary
or secondary air.
Boiler, High-pressure . A boiler furnishing steam at pressure in excess of 15 psi or hot water at
temperatures in excess of 250°F or at pressures in excess of 160 psi.
Boiler. Low-pressure Hot Water and Low-pressure Steam . A boiler furnishing hot water at
pressures not exceeding 160 P.S.I.G. and at temperatures not more than 250°F or steam at
pressures not more than 15 P.S.I.G.
Breeching . (See Chimney Connector.)
Burner . A device for the final conveyance of the gas, or a mixture of gas and air to the
combustion zone.
(a) Injection (Bunsen) Type Burner . A burner employing the energy of a iet of gas to inject
air for combustion into the burner and mix it with the gas.
(b) Atmospheric Injection Type Burner . A burner in which the air at atmospheric pressure
is injected into the burner by a jet of gas.
(c) Luminous or Yellow Flame Burner . A burner in which secondary air only is depended
on for combustion of the gas.
(d) Power Burner . A burner in which either gas or air or both are supplied at pressures,
exceeding, for gas, the line pressure and, for air, atmospheric pressure; this added pressure
being applied at the burner. A burner for which air for combustion is supplied by a fan ahead
of the appliance is commonly designated as a forced draft burner.
(e) Premixing Burner . A power burner in which all or nearly all of the air for combustion
is mixed with the gas as primary air.
(f) Induced Draft Burner . A burner which depends on the draft induced by a fan beyond the
appliance for its proper operation.
(g) Pressure Burner . A biuner which is supplied with an air-gas mixture under pressure
(usually from 0.5 to 14.0 inches of water and occasionally higher).
Burner Head . That portion of a burner beyond the outlet end of the mixer tube which contains
the ports.
Burner, Automatica:Ilv Lighted . One where fuel to the main burner is normally turned on and
ignited automatically.
* See NFPA No. 8501-1992 and NFPA No. 85C-1991 for Water - Tube Boilers having outputs
of 10,000 pounds of steam or more.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 47
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.02: continued
Burner, Manually Lighted . One where fuel to the main burner is turned on only by -hand and
ignited under supervision.
Chimney . A vertical shaft enclosing one or more flues for conveying flue gases to the outside
atmosphere.
(a) Factory-built Chimney . A listed chimney.
(b) Masonry Chimney . A chininey of solid masonry units, bricks, stones, listed masonry
chimney units or reinforced concrete, lined with suitable flue liners.
(c) Metal Chimney . A field-constructed chimney of metal.
Chimney Connector . The pipe which connects a fuel-burning appliance to a chimney.
Combustion . The rapid oxidation of fuel gases accompanied by the production of heat or heat
and light.
Combustion Control . A control which automatically regulates the firing rate at predetermined
air-fuel ratios in accordance with load demand.
(a) High-low Firing . The action of a combustion control which positions the air and fuel
supply for low-fire and for high-fire in accordance with load demand.
(b) Modulating . The action of a cornbustion control which gradually varies the air and fuel
supplies within limits in accordance with load demand.
Combustion (Inpuf) Control Valve . An. automatic gas-control valve for regulating boiler input.
Combustion Products . Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel gas with the oxygen
of the air, including die inerts, but excluding excess. air.
Condensate . The liquid which separates from a gas (including flue gases) due to a reduction in
temperature.
Controls . Devices designed to regulate the gas, air, water or electrical supply to a boiler. These
may be manual, semi-manual, semi-automatic or automatic.
Control, Limit . An automatic control responsive to changes in liquid level; in fuel, steam or air
pressure; in air, gas or liquid flow; or in temperature; for limiting the operation of the controlled
equipment.
Control. Primary Safety . A control responsive directly to flame properties; sensing the presence
of flame and causing fuel to be shut off in the event of ignition or flame failure requiring manual
reset.
Control. Safety . Automatic controls and interlocks (including relays, switches, and other
auxiliary equipment used in conjunction therewith to form a safety control system which are
intended to prevent unsafe operation of the controlled equipment).
Damper . A valve or plate for controlling draft or flow of the flue gases. A damper is generally
considered as being located on the downstream side or the combustion chamber usually in a flue
passage of the appliance or in the chimney or vent connector.
Damper, Automatically Operated . A damper operated by an automatic control.
Damper, Manually Operated . An adjustable damper manually set and locked in the desired
position.
Draft Regulator. Barometric . A device which functions to maintain a desired draft in the
appliance by automatically reducing the chimney draft to the desired value.
Flame Safeguard . {See Control, Primary Safety.)
3/11/05 248 CMR -48
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.02: continued
Flue Gases . Products of combustion and excess air.
Interlock . A device to prove the physical state of a required condition, and to furnish that proof
to the primary safety control circuit.
Labeled . Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label of a nationally recognized
testing laboratoiy that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or
materials and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally recognized standards
or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner.
Listed . Equipment or materials included in a hst published by a nationally recognized testing
laboratory that maintains periodic inspections of production of listed equipment or materials and
whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets nationally recognized standards
or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner.
Low-fire Start. Proven . The firing of a burner with fuel and combustion air controls interlocked
in a low-fire position to provide safe operatmg conditions during light off.
Lubricated Plug-type Valve . A valve of the plug-and-barrel type designed for maintaining a
lubricant between the bearing surfaces.
Main Burner Flame-establishing Period . The length of time the main burner flue safety shutoff
valves are permitted to be open before the flame sensing device is required to supervise the main
burner flame.
Optimum Air-fuel Ratio . A ratio of air to fuel going to the furnace which will provide complete
combustion of the fuel with sufficient range of excess air to maintain a stable flame envelope.
Pilot . A flame which is utilized to ignite the gas at the main bumer or burners.
Pilot, Continuous . A pilot that bums without turndown throughout the entire time the burner is
in service, whether the main bumer is firing or not.
Pilot. Expanding . A continuously burning pilot that is automatically expanded so as to reliably
ignite the main bumer. This pilot may be tumed down at the end of the main bumer flame-
establishing period.
Pilot Flame-establishing Period . The length of time fuel is permitted to be delivered to a proved
pilot before the flame sensing device is required to detect pilot flame.
Pilot. Intermittent . A pilot which is automatically lighted each time there is a call for heat. It
bums during the entire period that the main bumer is firing.
Pilot Intemipted . A pilot which is automatically lighted each time there is a call for heat. The
pilot fuel is cut off automatically at the end of the main bumer flame-establishing period.
Pilot. Proved . A pilot flame supervised by a primary safety control.
Purge . To introduce air into the combustion chamber and boiler passes in such volume and
manner as to completely replace the air or gas-air mixture contained therein.
Regulator. Gas Pressure . An automatic gas pressure reducing device for the purpose of
maintaining a uniform gas supply pressure.
Safety Shutdown . The action of shutting off ail fuel and ignition energy to the appliance by
means of a safety control or controls such that restart cannot be accomplished without manual
reset.
3/11/05 248 CMR -49
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.02: continued
Safety Shutoff Valve . A gas-control valve that is automatically closed by the safety control
system or by an emergency device. The valve may be of the automatically or manually opened
type.
Throttling . {See "Modulating" under Combustion Control.)
Trial-for-ignition Period . {See Main Burner Flame-establishing Period.)
Zero Governor . A regulating device which is normally adjusted to deliver gas at atmospheric
pressure within its flow rating.
7.03: General Provisions
(1) Special-permission Required : Special-permission from the Board is required before
installatior) of any all gas-fired boilers, burners, or their accessories.
(a) In determining acceptability, the Board would normally base acceptance on compliance
with the appropriate Boiler Code and 248 CMR 7.00.
(b) The Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters may also refer to the listings
or labeling practices of nationally recognized testing laboratories, i.e., laboratories qualified
and equipped to conduct the necessary tests, in a position to determine compliance with
appropriate standards for the current ' production of listed items, and the satisfactory
performance of such equipment or materials in actual usage; or the recommendations of a
nationally recognized engineering agency specializing in. the field of safety to life and
property.
(c) Before aiianging for the selection or mstallation of a large gas burner or boiler, the
licensed plumber or gas fitter shall check with the serving gas supplier as to the availability
of gas, specifying the gas input rating and the gas pressure required at the entrance to gas
train. {See Figure 3 in 248 CMR 7.02).
(d) As required in 248 CMR 3.00, a written permit in a form and manner prescribed by the
Inspector shall be obtained by persons performing gas fitting work as defined in M.G.L.
c. 142 before commencing each installation.
(2) Combustion Air Supply and Ventilation .
(a) General .
1 . Positive means for supplying an ample amount of outside air to permit combustion
of the gas shall be provided. Automatic or manually adjustable control devices for
outside air intake shall be interlocked with the burner.
2. To determine air requirements at the boiler, under standard atmospheric conditions
(60°F and 30 inches mercury), the following minimum factors apply:
a. For boilers with draft hoods - 30 cubic feet per 1000 Btu input;
b. or boilers directly connected to a chimney without neutralizing air openings - 12
cubic feet per 1000 Btu input.
3. When a boiler is located in an inside room or space, air supply shall be provided
through ducts or openings leading to the outside air.
4. Openings to the outside shall be unobstructed and screens, if used, shall have a
minimum of Vz inch mesh.
5. When a room or space in which a boiler is installed is ventilated by mechanical
means, air sufficient to replace that exhausted and consumed by combustion shall be
supplied from a safe, uncontarmnated source. The means for ventilation shall not create
an unsafe pressure condition in the boiler room.
6. In addition to the combustion air required, sufficient air shall be supplied to the boiler
room to make the room safe for occupancy and proper operation of equipment.
(b) Boilers Equipped with Draft Hoods .
1 . The effective cross-sectional area of the permanent outside air opening(s) to the
boiler room shall be large enough to supply the air required in the boiler room.
3/11/05 248 CMR -50
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.03: continued
2. For supplying combustion air, the area of the opening shall be of a size at least equal
to the boiler(s) breeching but not less than one square inch of free area per 5,000 Btu per
hour input (approximately equal to 1,4 square feet per million Btu), except as noted in
248CMR7.01(2)(e).
(c) Boilers with Barometric Dampers .
1. The effective cross-sectional area of the permanent outside air opening(s) to the
boiler room shall be lai-ge enough to supply the air required in the boiler room.
2. For supplying air, the area of the opening shall be of a size at least equal to the
boiler(s) breeching but not less than one square inch of free area per 1 4,000 Btu per hour
input (approximately equal to 0.5 square foot per million Btu), except as noted in
248CMR7.01(2)(e).
(d) Boilers Directly Connected to Chimney without Neutralizing Air Openings .
1, The effective cross-sectional area of the permanent outside air opening(s) to the
boiler room shall be large enough to supply the air required in the boiler room.
2. For supplying air, the area of the opening shall be of a size at least equal to the
boiler(s) breeching but not less than one square inch of free area per 17,500 Btu per hour
input (approximately equal to 0.4 square foot per million Btu), except as noted in
248CMR7.01(2)(e).
(e) Exceptions .
1 . Ducts to a Boiler Room : In determining the cross-sectional area of duct(s) used to
convey air from the outdoors to the boiler room, the resistance to air flow imposed by the
duct(s) shall be considered.
2. Forced Air Supply to Boiler Room : If mechanical means for boiler room air supply
are used, the size of the duct or opening may be reduced to not less than that needed to
provide the required quantity of air.
(3) Accessibility for Cleaning and Inspection . Sufficient and reasonable accessibility shall be
offered for Inspection, cleaning, repair and replacement of all burners, combustion controls,
safety devices and boiler components.
(4) Venting of Flue Gases .
(a) Chimneys .
1 . All boilers shall be securely connected to a chimney in good condition and of proper
construction and ample size to carry away the flue gases and permit satisfactory burner
operation under all weather and operating conditions.
2. The chimney shall be designed and built to take care of the maximum volume of flue
gases which may be produced by the boilers connected to it, as well as any other
combustion equipment, under the least conditions of draft which can be encountered.
The design should also provide proper constmction to resist wind forces, weathering,
interior corrosion and flue gas temperatures.
3. The chimney shall be pre-inspected and, if necessary, tested to determine whether it
is in suitable condition to handle the flue gases to be dispersed. Any defects shall be
corrected.
4. An existing chimney shall be checked as to cross-sectional area, arrangement, and
height to determine if it will handle the volume of flue gases produced by the boiler or
boilers, under the least condition of draft that may be encountered. This shall include
consideration of pressure and temperature conditions at which the flue gases enter the
chimney and the effect of flue gases which may be fed into the chimney from other
combustion equipment.
(b) Chimney Connectors .
1 . Connectors from a boiler to its chimney shall be of noncombustible material capable
of withstanding the corrosion effects and temperatures of the flue gases to be handled.
They shall have sufficient strength to withstand the physical stresses likely to occur under
the conditions of use and shall be securely supported.
2. The connector shall be installed so as to avoid excessive turns or other construction
features which create unnecessary resistance to flow of flue gases.
3. The joint between the connector and the chimney shall be sealed to prevent gas
leakage or air infiltration.
3/11/05 248 CMR -51
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.03: continued
4. A connector shall not extend into a chimney beyond the inner wall of the chimney
flue.
5. The connector shall be sized as recommended by the boiler or burner manufacturer.
If the manufacturer's recommendations are not available, the connector shall be the size
of the boiler flue collar, or if a draft hood is used, shall be the size of the outlet of the
draft hood unless the connector is designed and installed in accordance with industry
recognized and approved engineering methods.
6. On multiple installations, separate connectors should be run to the chimney. When
this is not practical, each connector shall be y-connected to a common breeching, the
cross-sectional area of which shall be not less than the combined areas of the individual
connectors.
(c) Draft Control .
1 . Boilers requiring controlled chimney draft shall be provided with equipment capable
of automatically regulating the draft to that recommended by the boiler manufacturer.
Such control may be of the barometric type which regulates the draft in the boiler
breeching or the mechanically operated damper type which controls the pressure in the
boiler firebox or the draft hood type which is nonadjustable.
2. A double-acting barometric draft regulator, if used, shall be equipped with a device
which will automatically shut off the fuel to the burner in the event flue gas spillage
exceeds 60 seconds.
3. Mechanically operated dampers shall be designed to maintain a safe damper opening
at all times and be arranged to prevent firing of the burner unless the damper is in the
proper position.
4. Draft Control :
a. When a draft control device is used, it shall be installed without alteration in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
b. In no case shall a barometric draft control device be installed in a false ceiling,
in a different room or in any place or manner that will permit a difference in pressure
between a draft relief opening and the combustion air supply.
c. A draft control device shall be installed in the position for which it was designed
with reference to the horizontal and vertical planes and shall be located so that a
relief opening is not obstructed.
d. When induced or forced draft devices are used, provision shall be made to
prevent flow of gas to the burners upon failure of these devices.
5. Adjustable manual dampers should be removed except when a damper must be used
to control excess chimney draft. Positive means shall then be provided to lock the
damper in the proper position by welding or riveting. As an alternate, a portion of the
damper can be removed to prevent full closure.
6. Full closing outlet isolation dampers shall be interlocked so that the boiler firing
system cannot be operated unless its isolation damper is in the proper open position.
7. Adjustable (modulating) dampers, shall be airanged to maintain a safe fuel-air ratio
over the full operating range. Linkage shall be arranged to resist accidental damage and
disengagement. Any counter-balancing arms or weights attached to the damper shall be
^located or shielded as to prevent personal injury or damage to equipment in case of
breakage.
8. When a draft hood is used, it shall be installed without alteration in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. In no case shall a draft hood be installed in a false
ceiling, in a different room, or in a manner that will permit a difference in pressure
between the draft hood relief opening and the combustion air supply.
7.04: Installation of Burners and Controls
(1) Main Burners .
(a) Each burner assembly and its component parts shall be installed according to the
manufacturer's instructions and shall be properly and firmly secured in place to maintain
correct alignment in normal use.
(b) The burner assembly shall be installed so that sufficient accessibility is afforded for
cleaning, inspection, repair, and replacement of all burners, controls and safety devices.
3/11/05 248 CMR -52
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
(c) Burner assembly parts, when adjustable, shall be provided with suitable locking devices
to prevent accidental shifting.
(d) Provision shall be made to permit ready observation of each pilot and main burner flame
during adjustment and under operating conditions.
(e) A burner assembly, when adjusted according to the manufacturer's instruction, shall
maintain satisfactory operating characteristics as specified in 248 CMR 7.05(5) at all firing
rates called for by input and air-gas ratio controls applied to the installation.
(2) Control Application .
(a) Each control shall be supported in such a manner that it and its sensing element will
remain in proper position. It shall be possible to determine by observation or test thai each
control is in its proper location and capable of functioning as intended.
(b) Nothing shall be provided for the puipose of permitting any safety control to be rendered
ineffective or allowing firing of the burner assembly without the protection of all of the
specified safety controls except as permitted by 248 CMR 7.04(2)(c).
(c) A low-water cutoff may be bypassed for blow-down purposes only. Such a bypass shall
be of a type which must be manually held in the bypass portion and which is self-restoring
when released.
(d) A burner assembly not equipped to provide safe automatic restarting shall be arranged
to require manual restart after any control functions to cause the fuel supply to be shut off
and the following restoration of an interrupted power supply.
(e) The safety-control circuit shall be two-wire, one side grounded, having a nominal
voltage of 150 volts or less. The circuit shall be connected to a branch circuit that can be
protected against overcurrent at not more than the value appropriate for the rating of the
electrical components included in the circuit.
(f) A safety control or protective device switch shall interrupt the ungrounded conductor(s).
(g) Safety controls shall not depend on electricity to attain the off position.
(3) Control of Combustion Air .
(a) An air shutter shall be capable of being readily adjusted to any desired setting and
securely locked to prevent accidental change in setting.
(b) The air inlet(s) shall supply an adequate amount of air for combustion under the
specified draft conditions and at the maximum firing rate of the burner assembly as installed.
All air required for combustion shall be introduced in a manner so as to provide thorough
mixing of the gas and air. If a burner is intended for installation with an air or wind box(es),
it shall be supplied by the burner manufacturer or be built in accordance with the burner
manufacturer's instructions.
(c) Linkage for controDing air and gas input rates shall be designed to reliably maintain the
correct gas-air ratio and to resist accidental damage and disengagement.
(d) Boilers having forced or induced draft fans or both, shall be provided with means to
automatically continue safe combustion or to shut off the gas supply upon failure of the
equipment supplying the air.
(e) If air under pressure is mixed with the gas supply in a mixer, effective means shall be
provided to prevent air from passing back into the gas line or gas into the air supply. The gas
and air supply shall be controlled to prevent gas from entering burners until the air supply
is available and, in the event of air failure, to shut off the gas supply.
(4) Primary Safety Control (Flame Safeguard) .
(a) Each burner assembly shall be provided with a non-recycling primary safety control that
will de-energize the main gas safety shutoff valve(s) upon loss of flame at point of
supervision.
(b) Safety control timings shall not exceed the values given in 248 CMR 7.04: Table 1.
(c) Gas to pilots shall be automatically shut off if the pilot is not proved, and safety
shutdown established.
(d) Pilot supervision by the primary safety control shall be only at the point where the pilot
flame will effectively ignite the gas at the main burner or burner group with the pilot burning
at any flame that will actuate the safety control.
3/11/05 248 CMR -53
248^CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
(e) Supervision of the main burner flame only shall begin at the end of the main burner
flame-establishing period for:
1. Power burners having a firing rate per combustion chamber of 2,500,000 Btu per
hour and over.
TABLE 1
Maximum Safety Control Timings
Maximum Firing Rate Per Combustion
Chamber in Million Btu Per Hour
2.5 or less
Over 2.5 to 12.5
Over 12.5
Pilot Flame Establishing Period
15 Seconds
10 Seconds
10 Seconds
Main Burner Flame Establishing Period
(If Required)
15 Seconds "*
10 Seconds
10 Seconds *
Flame Failure Response Time
4 seconds
4 Seconds
4 Seconds
Valve Closing Time
5 Seconds
1 Second
1 Second
* Main burner flame-establishing period may be 30 seconds for burner other than power burners equipped
with a safety shutoff valve having a full opening time of not less than 25 seconds.
2. All types of burners with modulating or high-low firing rate per combustion chamber
of 2,500,000 Btu per hour and over,
3. All types of burners with an interrupted pilot(s), and
4. Atmospheric type burners having a firing rate per combustion chamber of 5 ,000,000
Btu per hour and over.
If the main burner flame is not proved, safety shutdown shall be established.
(f) A burner assembly shall be equipped so that no gas can flow to the main burner on
burner group operating as a unit unless the pilot is proved.
(g) If two or more burner assemblies are installed in a single boiler, the primary safety
control of each bumer assembly shall operate independently of the other, or equivalent safety
features shall be provided so that in no case can any one bumer operate unsafely.
(5) Limit Controls .
(a) Limit Control :
1. A limit control shall be provided to prevent excessive steam pressure in a steam
boiler or excessive pressure or temperature in a hot water boiler.
2. Each steam and hot water boiler shall be equipped with a control which willprevent
firing of the boiler in the event of insufficient water in the boiler.
3. The limit control shall be in addition to operating controls. Manual restart shall be
required after a pressure or temperature limit control functions.
(b) A limit control which functions by opening a switch shall directly open the electrical
circuit to the safety shutoff valve(s).
(6) Combustion (Input") Control Systems .
(a) The combustion (input) control system shall maintain predetermined air-fuel mixtures
within the limits required by the bumer for stable combustion throughout the entire operating
range of the bumer and during changes in the firing rate.
(b) To accomplish changes in the firing rate, the fuel and air supplies shall be maintained
at a pre-determined optimum air-fuel ratio, either manually or automatically.
(c) Burners having a firing rate per combustion chamber of 1 ,000,000 Btu per hour and over
shall be equipped with a proven low-fire start.
(d) Burners having a firing rate per combustion chamber of 2,500,000 Bm per hour and over
shall be provided with combustion control.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 54
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04; continued
(7) Pilots .
(a) Main burners shall be equipped with a supervised pilot adequate to provide safe main
burner ignition under all conditions of operation. Multiple burner heads operated as a single
burner unit shall use a sufficient number of supervised pilots to accomplish safe ignition.
(b) A pilot burner not automatically lighted shall be located so that it can be safely lighted
manually.
(c) Gas supply pressure to the pilot or group of pilots:
1 . The gas supply pressure to the pilot or group of pilots shall be regulated.
2. The regulator(s) shall be listed; and vented in accordance with the 248 CMR
7.04(Il)(c), unless constructed or equipped to limit the escape of gas from the vent
opening in the event of diaphragm failure to not more that 2.5 cubic feet per hour.
3. The pilot supply line shall be connected upstream of all main burner valves and the
main gas pressure regulator.
(d) Primary air openings and orifices shall be easily accessible for servicing.
(e) An electric ignition system shall ignite only a pilot.
(f) If means for ignition is cut off at the termination of either the main burner flame-
establishing period, the ignition shall remain off for the duration of that fixing cycle and for
the specified purge period.
(g) A pilot burner, electric igniter, and pilot flame sensing device shall be supported in such
a manner that their position relative to each other and to the main burner port(s) will remain
fixed.
(8) Gas Valve Pressure Ratings .
(a) Gas valves shall be capable of withstanding without damage a pressure of not less than
10% above the relieving pressure of the nearest upstream relief device.
(b) In case no relief device is provided, the gas valves shall be capable of withstanding
without damage a pressure of not less than the maximum inlet pressure of tlie nearest
upstream gas pressure regulator or the maximum setting of the over-pressure protection
device.
(9) Manually Operated Gas Shutoff Valves . {See 248 CMR 7.04 Figures 1 and 2.)
(a) A manually operated main burner shutoff valve shall be installed in the line supplying
all main burners of each boiler and upstream of all other main burner control valves.
(b) A manually operated main pilot shutoff valve shall be located in the gas supply line to
the pilot burner.
(c) Manually operated main shutoff and pilot shutoff valves in sizes larger than two inches
or for pressures greater than Vz psig shall be of the lubricated plug or ball type with stops.
Manually operated valves shall have the handle securely attached parallel to the gas flow in
the open position, shall be readily accessible, and shall clearly indicate the "on" and "off"
positions.
(d) A manually operated main burner test valve (checking gas cock) shall be provided
downstream from the safety shutoff valve for each main burner. On manually lighted
burners, the valves shall be interlocked with the safety conu-ol circuit and arranged so that
the main burner safety shutoff valves must be opened against their associated closed test
valves.
(e) In multiple burner installations a manual valve shall be provided for each main and each
pilot burner except those utilizing a single zero governor inspirator mixer for several burners
in which case this valve shall be located at a point immediately upstream of the zero
governor.
(f) Provisions shall be made so that the gas supply to the boiler(s) may be shut off from a
location outside the boiler room.
3/11/05 248 CMR -55
248 CMR: BOAJRD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
FIGURE 1.
Elustration of Manual Valving Arrangement for a Single Burner Single Boiler Installation
MANUAL MAIN PILOT
SHUTOFF VALVE
248 CMR 7.04: (9)(h)
MAIN GAS SUPPLY
-Z
/SINGLE BOILER
\SINGLE BURNER
MANUAL MAIN BURNER TEST VALVE
248 CMR 7.04:C9X'l)
MANUAL:MAINBURNER::SHUTQFF.yALVE
248-(:MRi:7^p4:/(;9xa). % ' .'
ADDITIONAL BOILERS
."■->
MANUAL SHUTOFF VALVE
248 CMR 7.04: (9X0
3/11/05
248 CMR - 56
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
FIGURE 2.
Illustration of Manual Valving Arrangement for a Multiple Burner, Single Boiler Arrangement
MANUAL PILOT VALVE(S)
248 CMR 7.04: (9Xe)
MANUAL MAIN PILOT
SHUTOFF VALVE
248 CMR 7.04: (9Xb)
SINGLE BOILER
MULTIPLE BURNER(S)
MAIN SHUTOFF VALVE
248 CMR7.04I (5X^
MANUAL MAIN BURNER TEST VALVE
248 CMR 7.04: (9Xd)ajid
248 CMR 7.04: (9Xe)
MANUAL MAIN BURNER SHUTOFF VALVE
248 CMR 7.04: (?Xa>
— ^
3/11/05
248 CMR - 57
248 CUR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
(10) Control and Safety Shutoff Valves . (5eg 248 CMR 7.04 Figure 3.)
(a) An automatic boiler input control valve may be in combination with a safety shutoff
valve.
(b) A bypass to provide for minimum flame may be installed around a valve to control
boiler input only. A bypass shall not be installed around a safety shutoff valve or a
combustion input control and safety shutoff valve.
(c) Safety Valves ;
1. Each main burner supply line and each pilot supply line shall be equipped with a
safety shutoff valve(s) which will close independent of external force.
2. The safety shutoff valve(s) shall close with sufficient force to provide tight shutoff
under normal operating conditions and when closed by the safety control system or by
an emergency device.
3. If the maximum firing rate per combustion chamber exceeds 1,000,000 BTU/hour,
the main burner supply line shall be equipped as indicated in 248 CMR 7.04(10)(c)3.a.
and b.:
a. Two safety shutoff valves, in series, or one safety shutoff valve of the type
incorporating a valve seal overtravel interlock, when the maximum firing rate per
combustion chamber exceeds 1,000,000 BTU/hour but less than 5,000,000
BTU/hour.
b. Two safety shutoff valves, in series, one of which is of the type incorporating a
valve seal overtravel interlock when the maximum firing rate per combustion
chamber exceeds 5,000,000 BTU/hour.
The Board may prescribe two safety shutoff valves in series, for combustion
chambers with inputs less than 1 ,000,000 BTU/hour, in buildings of public assembly.
(d) Safety shutoff valves shall be suitable for the application and shall have a shutoff time
not to exceed that specified in 248 CMR 7.04 Table 1 . They shall be constructed so that they
cannot be restrained or blocked in the open position. Such valves shall close upon being de-
energized regardless of the positions of damper-operating levers or reset handles.
(e) An electrically operated safety shutoff valve shall not depend on electricity to shut off
the gas supply.
(f) A pressure-operated safety shutoff valve shall close upon failure of its operating
pressure.
(g) Permanent and ready means for making easy, accurate, periodic tightness tests of the
main burner gas safety shutoff valves shall be provided in the piping.
3/11/05 248 CMR -58
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
FIGURE 3A.
niustration of Gas Train 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 requirements 400,000 to Less Than 1,000,000
BTU/hour Input
To /Vfain Burner-
\J Burner Pressure
Test Port
Safety ShutofF
Valve
3/11/05
248 CMR - 59
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
. FIGURE 3B.
Illustration of Gas Train 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 1,000,000 to Less Than 2,500,000 BTU/hour Input
Safety Shutoff Valve. ,
v/ith Valve Seal-
Oveftravellaterloclc".
^ -iW^^'
-"■
^^Pil^Llhe-:
V\.= ShutoffValYe;Withio Six Feet : ? ,
; ;;brEhtrafuie:toGa&1irain ■ V ,
B =.uriion :?■;;.:::;:?:>''-??;.;■;?.■ ■;?
C = start of Gas train
D = lilotVeiitti OijfaiiUUrdwj E([i?qpjei\\ifli
liinijirifSeuteaf 2 J cufLflir
E = Vent to Outside Per Table 2
F = Combination High and Low Pressure
Switch Allowed at Low Pressure
Switch Locationi^^!i:";".
3/11/05
248 CMR - 60
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
FIGURE 3C.
Illustration of Gas Train 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 requirements for 2,500,000 to less than 5,000,000
BTU/hour Input
Pilot
Line
a
Pressure
Regulator
Safety; ShutofF
Valve
A =
8 =
C =
D =
E
F
Shutoff Valve Within Six Feet
of Entrance to Gas Train -
Union
Start of Gas Train
Pilot Vent to Outside Unless
Equipped with Limiting Device
of 2.5 cu. ft./hr
Vent to Outside per Table 2
Combination High and Low
Pressure Switch Allowed at
Low Pressure Switch Location
3/11/05
248 CMR -61
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7D4: continued
FIGURE 3D.
Illustration of Gas Train 248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00 5,000,000 to 12,500,000 BTU/hour Input.
Manual Shuioff Valve
Low Pressure
Swiuh
Safety ShutafT Valve
v/i(li V^lve Seal
Overtravel Interlock
C=0=3
High Pressure
Switch
Manual Shutoff Valve
Burner Pressure
Test Port
Pilot Supply
Manual ShutofT Valve
A =
Shutoff Valve Within Six Feet of
Entrance to Gas Train
B =
Union
C =
Start of Gas Train
D =
Pilot Vent to Outside Unless
Equipped with Limiting Device of
2.5 cu. ft./hr
E =
Vent to Outside per Table 2
F =
Combination High and Low
Pressure Switch Allowed at Low
Pressure Switch Location
G =
MaybePartofSSOV
(11) Main Gas Pressure Regulators and Gas Pressure Interlocks .
(a) Each burner assembly shall be equipped with a listed main gas pressure regulator that
will regulate within plus or minus 10% of the operating pressure at all firing rates. {See
248 CMR 7.04 Figure 3 for location).
(b) Spring or weight-loaded regulators shall have springs covered by a suitable housing.
Under no circumstances shall a weight and lever type of regulator be used.
(c) Main Gas Pressure Regulators :
1 . Except where zero governors are used in connection with air-gas mixers, all main gas
pressure regulators shall be independently vented to a safe outdoor location.
2. Vent lines from main gas pressure regulators shall not be connected into a common
line with the bleed line from gas operated diaphragm valves or from pressure relief
valves.
3. Vent lines shall be steel, wrought iron pipe or corrugated stainless steel tubing
(CSST) with Product-approved devices provided at termination points to prevent
stoppage of the lines by foreign material, water or insects and, shall extend no less than
18-24 inches above the roof surface.
4. Vent lines shall be sized as specified in 248 CMR 7.04 Table 2 .
5. Vent lines shall be supported in accordance with 248 CMR 1 .00 through 10.00.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 62
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.04: continued
6. Vent lines shall be run to the outside using the shortest practical route and shall not
be trapped or installed in a manner that restricts air-flow.
7. Vent lines that penetrate roofs and sidewalls shall be run through metallic sleeves that
are sealed from the weather and insects.
8. CSST vent lines that penetrate roofs shall transition to steel pipe no less than one foot
inside the building.
9. Vent lines that terminate a building shall be located no Jess than four-feet away from
any building opening or air intake. Outside vent termination shall consist of steel pipe
and malleable fittings.
(d) Pressure Switches .
1. If the maximum firing rate per combustion chamber exceeds 1,000,000 BTU/hour,
gas pressure supervision shall be provided by listed pressure switches, or listed
combination high-low switch, interlocked to accomplish anon-recycling safety shutdown
in the event of either high or low gas pressure.
2. Pressure setting shall be adjusted by the installer in accordance with the burner or
boiler manufacturer's instruction.
3. Pressure switches that require venting to the outside atmosphere shall be vented in
accordance with 248 CMR 7.04(1 l)(c). Pressure switches only may be manifolded.
(e) Accessible 14 inch IPS plugged pressure tappings or connections shall be provided; one
located upstream of the main gas pressure regulator and another located near the burner head
to permit accurate measurement of gas pressure. {See 248 CMR 7.04 Figure 3.)
TABLE 2
Minimum Pipe Size/CSST for Venting
Gas Train Components in 248 CMR 7.04 Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
Gas Train Components
Maximum lengths of iron pipe or corrugated stainless steel
tubing (CSST) from components to outside the building
- 40 feet
0- 100 feet
- 200 Feet
Main Gas Pressure Regulator
- Steel Pipe Size
- CSST Size (Low Pressure Gas only)
% inch IPS
30/31 EHD
1 inch IPS
37 EHD
P/4 inch IPS
46/48 EHD
High & Low Gas Pressure Switches When
Manifolded
- Steel Pipe Size
- CSST Size (Low Pressure Gas only
% inch IPS
30/31 EHD
1 inch IPS
37 EHD
11/2 inch IPS
60/62 EHD
Block and Bleed Valves (when used)
- Steel Pipe Size
- CSST Size (Low Pressure Gas only
Full IPS Relief
Increase PS/CSST
one Size
Increase IPS/CSST
two Sizes
(12) Electrical Equipment . Electrical installations shall conform to the Massachusetts Electrical
Code - 1993.
(13) Operating Sequencing , (i'ee also 248 CMR 7.05, Initial Start-Up and Final Adjustments).
Each installation shall be equipped to provide for sequencing in accordance with the following
and in the order listed.
(a) Natural and mechanical draft systems with continuously burning pilot(s) capable of
igniting any gas flowing from the main burner shall, upon demand for heat:
1. Prove all interlocks.
2. Prove combustion air flow for mechanical draft systems.
3. Prove in light-off position, if either an automatically operated damper, or an
automatically operated air shutter, or both, are employed.
4. Prove combustion (input) control, if employed, in light-off position.
5. Prove pilot(s).
6. Admit fuel to main burner.
7. Prove main flame, if required, in accordance with 248 CMR 7,04(4)(e).
8. Release combustion (input) control.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 63
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FirTERS
7.04: continued
9. Upon flanie failure at point of supervision, shut off fuel by primary safety control.
10. Shut off fuel to main burner on release from demand.
(b) Natural draft systems with intermittent pilot or interrupted pilot shall, upon demand for
heat:
1. Prove all interlocks.
2. Prove open for at least 90 seconds if either an automatically operated damper, an
automatically operated air shutter, or both, are employed.
3. Prove in the light-off position if either an automatically operated damper, and
automatically operated air shutter, or both are employed.
4. Prove combustion (input) control, if employed, in light-off position.
5. Prove pilot(s).
6. Admit fuel to main burner.
7. Prove main flame, if required, in accordance with 248 CMR 7.04(4)(e).
8. Release combustion (input) control.
9. Upon flame failure at point of supervision, shut off fuel by primary safety control.
10. Shut off fuel on release from demand.
11. If an automatically operated damper is employed, return to stand-by position.
(c) Mechanical draft systems with intermittent pilot or interrupted pilot shall, on demand:
1. Prove all interlocks.
2. If an automatically operated damper is employed, prove in open position.
3. Stait fan(s) and prove air flow. Provide at least a four-air change purge of the
. combustion chamber and boiler passes. The four air changes must be accomplished in
not more than 90 seconds with burners having maximum firing rate per combustion
chamber of not more than 2,500,000 Btu per hour. With burner having maximum firing
rates per combustion chamber in excess of 2,500,000 Btu per hour, the four air changes
shall be accomplished without time limitation by an air flow rate not less than 60% of the
air flow provided for the maximum firing rate.
4. Prove combustion (input) control and automatically operated damper, if employed,
in light-off position.
5. Prove pilot(s).
6. Admit fuel to main burner.
7. Prove main flame, if required, in accordance with 248 CMR 7.04(4)(e).
8. Release combustion (input) control.
9. Upon flame failure at point of supervision, shut off fuel by primary safety control.
10. Shut off fuel on release from demand.
11. If an automatically operated damper is employed, return to stand-by position.
7.05: Initial Start-up and Final Adjustments
(1) Authorized Representative . An authorized representative of the boiler or burner
manufacturer shall perform the initial start-up, final adjusting and testing of the burner and
controls in the presence of the gas inspector and gas company representative.
(2) Purging Boiler . The furnace, passes, and connected flue piping shall be thoroughlypurged
before lighting of pilots or burners. This shall be done by creating air flow through the setting
by fully opening flue dampers and air shutters and by operation of induced and forced draft fans,
if present.
(3) Control Operating Tests .
(a) All controls shall be thoroughly checked for proper operation and sequencing before the
burner is put into operation. Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed.
(b) All safety shutoff gas valves shall be tested for gas tightness while in the closed position
before being placed in service. During this test, gas shall be shut off to all burners
downstream from the safety shutoff gas valve.
3/11/05 248 CMR -64
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
7.05; continued
(4) Pilot Operation Tests .
(a) After the gas piping has been thoroughly cleared of air and any foreign materials, the
pilot burner shall be lighted and adjusted with the main burner manual and automatic valves
in the closed position. Adjustment to the pilot shall be made in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions.
(b) Pilots shall not deposit carbon when adjusted according to the manufacturer's
instmctions.
(c) When escapement or bleed pilots are used, the discharge shall be in a fixed position and
shall be freely ignited by the continuous burning pilot or vented to a safe location.
(5) Burner Operation Tests .
(a) The main burner shall be put into operation and tested only after 248 CMR 7.05(2), (3),
and (4) have been completed. Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed for light-off and
adjustment of the main burner.
(b) Pilots shall reliably effect immediate ignition of the main burner even when the gas
supply to the pilot(s) is reduced to a point where the pilot flame is just sufficient to actuate
or energize the flame detection device. Follow the manufacturer's instructions in conducting
this test.
(c) Continuously burning pilot flames shall not, become extinguished: when the main
burners are turned on or off in a normal manner, either manually or by automatic controls,
when the air flow through the burner is rapidly changed from maximum to minimum or vice
versa after the main burners are shut off following operation of boiler at its maximum
capacity, nor during any normal operating conditions that will occur. The above tests shall
be repeated three times.
(d) The pilot burner shall reliably ignite the main burner under any normal condition of
operation.
(e) The arrangement of burners, valves, and pilots shall be such that when only the pilots
supervised by the flame safeguard equipment are in operation, any burner or combination of
burners shall be effectively ignited without delayed ignition or flash back.
(f) Burner flames shall not flash back when fired at any rate within the installed operating
ra,nge of the burner.
(g) Burner flames shall not flash outside the boiler when the gas is turned on or off by the
automatic control mechanism.
(h) Proper air-gas ratio shall be maintained and combustion shall be complete over the full
installed operating range of the burner.
(6) Test for Venting . A check shall be made for proper venting with the burner operating at
maximum installed input and with all building exhaust fans operating which are in
communication with the boiler room and with all outside closeable boiler room openings shut.
(7) Instructions to the Operator .
(a) Complete written or printed instructions including wiring diagrams shall be supplied and
made conveniently available or posted in a permanent form in a prominent place near the
boiler. These instiuctions shall include complete start up as well as normal and emergency
shutdown procedures. Start up shall be from the methods provided by the control system for
that purpose.
(b) To guard against malfunctioning all controls should periodically be tested on a
scheduled basis.
(c) Extended Shutdown. When a boiler is shut down for an extended period it is
reconmiended that in addition to closing all gas valves, as a further precaution, gas be
prevented from leaking into the boiler by blocking off or disconnecting and capping or
plugging the gas supply pipe.
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 7.00: M.G.L. c. 112, § 61; M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 13 and 21.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 65
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
3/11/05 . 248 CMR -66
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(248 CMR 8.00 AND 9.00: RESERVED)
3/11/05 248 CMR -67
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(PAGES 69 THROUGH 80 ARE RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE.)
3/11/05 248 CMR -68
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE
Section
10:01: Scope and Jurisdiction
10.02: Basic Principles
10.03: Definitions
10.04: Testing and Safety
10.05: General Regulations
10.06: Materials
10.07: Joints and Connections
10.08: Traps and Cleanouts
10.09: Interceptors, Separators, and Holding Tanks
10.10: Plumbing Fixtures
10.11: Hangers and Supports
10.12: Indirect Waste Piping
10.13; Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes
10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System
10.15: Sanitary Drainage System
10.16: Vents and Venting
10.17: Storm Drains
10.18: Hospital Fixtures
10.19: Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers
10.20: Public and Semi-public Swimming Pools
10.21: Boiler Blow-off Tank
10.22: Figures
10.23: Vacuum Drainage System
10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction
(1) Scope . 248 CMR 10.00 governs the requirements for the installation, alteration, removal,
replacement, repair or construction of all plumbing.
(2) Jurisdiction .
(a) Nothing in 248 CMR 10.00 shall" be construed as applying to:
1. refrigeration
2. heating,
3. cooling,
4. ventilation or fire sprinkler systems beyond the point where a direct connection is
made with the potable water distribution system.
(b) Sanitary drains, storm water drains, hazardous waste drainage systems, dedicated
systems, potable and non-potable water supply lines and other connections shall be subject
to 248 CMR 10.00.
10.02: Basic Principles
Founding of Principles . 248 CMR 10.00 is founded upon certain principles of public health
environmental sanitation and safety through properly designed, acceptably installed, and
adequately maintained plumbing systems. Some of the details of plumbing construction may
vary but the basic sanitary and safety principles .desirable and necessary to protect the health of
people are the same everywhere. As interpretations may be required, and as unforeseen
situations arise which are not specifically covered in 248 CMR 10.00, the fmal interpretation
shall be made by the Board. The following principles shall comply with all Articles of the State
Sanitary Code and Titles of the Environmental Code.
(1) Principle No. 1 - All Occupied Premises Must Have Potable Water . All premises intended
for human habitation, occupancy, or use must be provided with a supply of potable water. Such
a water supply shall not be connected with unsafe or questionable water sources, nor shall it be
subject to the hazards of backflow, backpressure, or back-siphonage.
3/11/05 248 CMR -81
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.02: continued
(2) Principle No. 2 - Adequate Water Required . Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances
must be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate to enable them to
function properly and without undue noise under normal conditions of use.
(3) Principle No. 3 - Hot Water Required . Hot water must be supplied to all plumbing fixtures
which normally need or require hot water for their proper use and function.
(4) Principle No. 4 -- Water Conservation . Plumbing must be designed and adjusted to use the
minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.
(5) Principle No. 5 —Dangers of Explosion or Overheating . Devices and appliances for heating
and storing water must be so designed and installed as to guard against dangers from explosion
or overheating.
(6) Principle No. 6 — Required Plumbing Fixtures .
(a) To meet the basic prerequisites of sanitation and personal hygiene each dwelling shall
include the following:
1. At least one toilet.
2. At least one lavatory.
3. At least one kitchen style sink.
4. At least one bathtub or shower compartment or shower unit.
5. Laundry Facility Requirements . A washing machine connection that consists of a
piping arrangement that includes a cold water supply, hot water supply and a sufficient
drain connection shall be provided in conformance with the following:
a. One and Two Family Dwelling . At least one washing machine connection per
unit.
b. Multiple Dwellings .
i. Non-elderly Housing . In multiple dwellings that are not restricted to the
elderly, at least one washing machine connection for every ten dwelling units or
fraction thereof that do not have a washing machine in the unit.
ii. Elderly Housing . In housing that is restricted to the elderly, at least one
washing machine connection for every 20 dwelling units or faction thereof that
do not have a washing machine in the unit.
iii. The washing machine cormection shall be located so that each occupant in
a dwelling has access to a washing machine that may be affixed to the washing
machine connection.
(b) All buildings and structures other than residential dwellings that are intended for
occupancy shall be equipped with sufficient sanitary facilities as outlined in 248 CMR 10.00.
(c) Plumbing fixtures must be constructed of durable, smooth, nonabsorbent and corrosion
resistant material and must be free of concealed fouling surfaces.
(7) Principle No. 7 — Drainage System of Adequate Size . The plumbing drainage system must
be installed, designed, arranged, constructed, and maintained to protect against fouling, deposit
of solids, and stoppages. The drainage system shall incoiporate adequate cleanouts placed in a
manner that the drainage system may be readily cleaned.
(8) Principle No. 8 - Durable Materials and Good Workmanship . The piping and other
components of the plumbing system must be manufactured of durable material, free from
defective workmanship, and designed and constructed to provide satisfactory service for its
reasonable expected life.
(9) Principle No. 9 -- Liquid Sealed Traps Required . Every fixture directly connected to the
drainage system must be equipped with a liquid-seal trap.
(10) Principle No. 10 - Protection of Trap Seals . The drainage and vent system must be
designed to provide adequate circulation of air in and throughout all piping. Trap seals shall be
protected from the dangers of, siphonage, leakage, aspiration, momentum, oscillation, back
pressure, evaporation and capillary action under conditions of normal ordinary use.
3/11/05 .. 248 CMR -82
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.02: continued
(11) Principle No. 1 1 -- Exhaust Sewage Gases to Outside . Vent temiinals shall extend to the
outer air above the roof line and be installed to prohibit the possibility of vent obstruction and
the return of sewage gases into the building.
(12) Principle No. 12 ?- Test the Plumbing System . The plumbing system must be subjected
to such tests as will effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the work or the materials.
(13) Principle No. 13 — Exclude Harmful Substances from the Plumbing System . No substance
that will cause or exacerbate clogs or stoppages in pipes, produce explosive naixtures, destroy
the pipes or their joints, or interfere unduly with the sewage disposal process shall enter the
building drainage system.
(14) Principle No. 14 -- Prevent Contamination by Installing Indirect Waste . Indirect drainage
piping installations shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, ice, sterile goods,
and other similar products. When the potential of a backflow of sewage event is possible the
fixture, device, or appliance shall be connected indirectly wich the building sanitary or storm
drainage system.
(15) Principle No. 1 5 -- Light and Ventilation . No toilets, urinals, bathtubs, or shower facilities
shall be installed into a new or renovated room, space, or compartment that does not incorporate
proper illumination and mechanical exhaust to the exterior of the building. This Principle does
not apply to the removal and replacement of existing fixtures.
(16) Principle No. 16 -- Individual Sewage Disposal Systems . If toilets or other plumbing
fixtures ai-e to be installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance,
suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the sewage in compliance with 248 CMR and
3 10 CMR 15.00.
( 1 7) Principal No. 17 — Prevent Sewer Flooding . Where a plumbing drainage system is subject
to back-flow of sewage from the public sewer system suitable provision shall be incorporated
to prevent the potential of overflow into the building.
(18) Principle No. 18 — Proper Maintenance . Plumbing systems shall be maintained in a safe
and serviceable condition from the standpoint of both mechanics and health.
(19) Principle No. 19 -- Fixtures Shall Be Accessible . AH plumbing fixtures shall be installed
in a manner with respect to clearances for spacing and accessibility for their intended use and
cleansing.
(20) Principle No. 20 -- Structural Safety . Plumbing shall be installed with regard to the
preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls, floors
and other strucmrally sensitive surfaces when performing fixture installations and through fixture
usage.
(21) Principle No. 2 1 - Protect Ground and Surface Water . All discharges to ground or surface
water must meet all local, state, and federal water quality discharge standards.
(22) Principle No. 22 - Piping and Treatment of Hazardous Wastes . AH waste dischai^ge
materials that may become detrimental to the health and welfare of the general public, that enter
the sanitary drainage system of any building, shall be carried within hazardous waste piping
systems. The hazardous waste shall be collected and disposed of or treated prior to entering the
sanitary drainage system in accordance with the requirements of 248 CMR. 10.00.
(23) Principle No. 23 - Privacy for Toilets . In a room that accommodates more than one toilet
or that incorporates a urinal and a toilet, each toilet shall be enclosed and each urinal shall be side
shielded for privacy.
3/11/05 248 CMR -83
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.02: continued
(24) Principle No. 24 --Drinking Fountain . Drinking fountains shall be installed in safe, clean
and hazard free areas. The installation of a drinking fountain in a rest room that incorporates
toilets or urinals is prohibited.
(25) Principle No. 25 -- Temporary Construction Trailers . Temporary construction trailers are
exempt from the material, provisions of 248 CMR. 10.06 the water and sewer connections shall
be the same materials as supplied by the trailer manufacturer.
(26) Principle No. 26 --Materials and Design : The materials, products, devices, methods,
systems, design, and installation of any and all aspects of a plumbing systems shall be in
confonnance with 248 CMR 3.00 thi-ough 10.00, including that all products used in any
plumbing or gas fitting systems shall be Product-Approved by the Board.
10.03: Definitions
For the purpose of 248 CMR 10.00, the terms defined in 248 CMR 3.00 have the meanings
as defined therein. In addition, for the purposes of 248 CMR 10.00, the following terms shall
have the meanings. No attempt is made to define ordinary words which are used in accordance
with their established dictionary meaning except where it is necessary to define their meaning
as used in 248 CMR 10.00 to avoid nnisunderstanding.
Accessible. Having access thereto that may require the removal of an access panel, door, or
similar obstruction.
Air Break (Drainage System) . A piping arrangement wherein a drain from a fixture, appliance,
or device discharges indirectly into a fixture, receptacle, or interceptor at a point below the flood
level rim of the receptacle.
Air Gap (Drainage System) . The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere
between the outlet of a waste pipe and the flood level rim of the receptacle into which the waste
discharges.
Air Gap (Water Distribution SystemV The unobstructed verfical distance through the free
atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the related receptacle.
Alkalinity . The measure of its capacity to neutralize acids. The quality or state of being alkaline.
Containing more alkali than normal. Having a pH factor of more than seven. The opposite of
acidity.
Anti-siphon Vacuum Breaker — Non-pressure Type (Back-siphonage Preventer) . A device or
means to prevent back-siphonage. Not to be used under continuous pressure..
Anti-siphon Vacuum Breaker — Pressure Type (Back-siphonage Preventer) . A device or means
to prevent back-siphonage. Designed to be used under continuous pressure.
Anti-siphon Valve . A diaphragm type spring loaded device that prevents unwanted siphoning
or over pumping of a chemical into a potable supply of water. Such device is constructed so as
to sit tight on increasing vacuum, and its positive pressure opening point shall is not less than
fiveP.S.LG.
Area Drain . A receptacle designed to collect surface or storm water from an open area.
Backflow . The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes
of a potable supply of water from any source or sources other than its intended source.
Back-siphonage and back pressure are examples of backflows.
Backflow Connection . Any arrangement whereby backflow can occur.
3/11/05 248 CMR -84
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Backflow Preventor . A device or means to prevent backflow.
Backflow Preventor CReduced Pressure Zone Type) . An assembly of differential valves and
check valves including an automatically opened spillage port to the atmosphere.
Back-pressure . Pressure created by mechanical means or other means, causing water, liquids or
other substances to flow, or move, in a reverse or opposite direction than intended.
Back-pressure Valve . A spring loaded one way check valve to prevent over pumping or
unwanted siphoning of a chemical into a potable supply of water.
Back-siphonage . The flowing back of used, contaminated, or polluted water from a plumbing
fixture, vessel or other sources into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
Barometric Loop . A vertical loop of pipe, rising to a height sufficient to prevent back-siphonage
from occurring in the potable water supply pipe. (Approximately 35 feet, depending on the
weight of the atmosphere.)
Bathroom (Residential) . A room equipped with a bathtub or shower stall, toilet and a lavatory
basin or any combination thereof.
Bathroom (Half-bath) . A room equipped with a toilet and a lavatory basin.
Battery of Fixtures . Any group of two or more similar fixtures, that are adjacent, which
discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.
Battery Waste & Vent System . See Combination Waste & Vent System.
Black-water. Waste water containing fecal matter and other human waste that is flushed or
discharged from toilets or urinals.
Boiler Blow-off . An outlet on a boiler to permit emptying or discharge of sediment.
Boiler Blow-off Tank . A vessel designed to receive the discharge from a boiler blow-off outlet,
to cool the discharge to a temperature of 150°F or less, and permits the discharge to flow safely
to the drainage system.
Branch . Any part of a piping system other than a main, riser, or stack.
Branch Interval . A distance along a soil or waste stack coixesponding in general to a story
height, but not less than eight feet in vertical height, and wherein the horizontal branches from
one floor or story of a building are connected to the stack.
Branch Vent . A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
Building . A structure used for the housing, shelter, enclosure, or support of persons, animals or
property. '
Building Drain . The lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system that extends from the base
of the main stack to a terminating point ten feet outside the inner surface of a building's
foundation wall, and is of sufficient size to receive the discharge from branch drains and/or
stacks.
Building Drain -- Sanitary . A building drain which conveys the discharge of plumbing fixtures.
Building Drain — Storm . A building drain which conveys storm water waste or other clear water
drainage. r .
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 85
248 CMR: BOARX) OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Building Sewer . The pipe that begins ten feet outside the inner face of a building's foundation
wall and extends to a public sewer, septic tank, or other place of sewage disposal.
Building Sewer -- Combined . A building sewer that conveys both sewage and storm water or
other drainage.
Building Sewer - Sanitary . A building sewer that conveys the discharge of plumbing fixtures.
Building Sewer - Storm . A building sewer that conveys storm water waste or other clear- water
drainage except that it does not convey sewage.
Building Subdrain . The portion of a drainage system that cannot drain its discharge into a
building sewer via the force of gravity.
Building Subdrain - Sanitary . The portion of a drainage system that cannot drain its sewage
discharge into a building sewer via the force of gravity.
Building Subdrain - Storm. The portion of a drainage system that cannot drain -its storm water
waste, clear water discharge or other subsurface clear water discharge excluding sewage, into a
building storm sewer via the force of gravity.
Circuit Vent . A branch vent that serves two or more floor-outlet fixtures that are battery wasted.
Said vent extends from the top of the horizontal soil and/or waste branch in front of the last
fixture waste and cormects to a vent stack adjacent to the upstream end of the horizontal branch.
Combination Fixture . A fixture that combines multiple compartments into one unit.
Combination Waste and Vent System . A specially designed system of waste piping embodying
the horizontal wet venting of one or more plumbing fixtures or floor drains by means of a
common waste and vent pipe. In such a system, the piping is adequately sized to provide free
movement of air above the flow line of the drain.
Common Vent . A vertical vent that serves two fixtures and connects in compliance with
248 CMR 10.16: Table 1.
Conductor . A pipe that is inside a building and that conveys storm water from the roof to a
storm drain or combined building sewer/storm sewer.
Continuous Vent . A vertical vent that is a continuation of the vertical drain to which it connects.
Critical Level . In the potable water supply piping, the minimum elevation that a backflow
prevention device or anti-siphon vacuum breaker is installed, above the flood level rim of the
fixture or receptacle it is to serve.
Cross Connection . Any actual or potential physical connection or arrangement between a pipe
containing potable water from a public water system and any non-potable water supply, piping
arrangement, or equipment, including, but not limited to waste pipe, soil pipe, sewer drain or
other unapproved sources. {See Back-flow and Back-siphonage.)
Dead End . A branch leading from a soil, waste, or vent pipe, building drain, or building sewer,
and terminating at a developed length of two feet or more by means of a plug, cap or other closed
fitting.
Decontamination. The reduction or removal of microbial or hazardous chemical contamination
from surfaces, liquids or spaces.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 86
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.03: continued
Dedicated Systems
(a) Dedicated Acid Waste and Special Hazardous Waste Systems . Ail acid drainage or
special drainage and acid vent piping or special vent piping normally associated with exterior
or interior acid neutralizing or hazardous waste treatment devices.
(b) Dedicated Gasoline. Oil and Sand Systems . AJl drainage and vent piping normally
associated with exterior or interior gasoline, oil and sand Separators.
(c) Dedicated Grease Systems . All sanitary drainage and vent pipes normally associated
with exterior grease interceptors/separators.
(d) Dedicated Gray Water Recycling System . Includes all piping, valves, pumps, meters,
retaining tanks for exterior or interior gray water collection points.
(e) Dedicated Waste Water Recycling System . Shall be considered the assembly of all
piping, valves, pumps, meters and retaining tanks for installation at exterior or interior waste
water recycling system locations that shall include but not be limited to collection points and
points of use.
Developed Length . The length of a pipeline as measured along the center line of the pipe or
fittings.
Diameter . The nominal diameter as designated commercially.
Double Offset . Two changes of direction that are or have been installed in succession or series
in a continuous pipe.
Domestic Sewage . The waterbome wastes derived from ordinary living processes.
Drain . A horizontal pipe that carries waste water or waterbome waste in a drainage system.
Drainage System . Includes all the piping contained within a public or private premises that
conveys sewage, rain water, or other liquid wastes to an appropriate point of disposal. It does
not include the mains of a public sewer system or private or public sewage treatment or disposal
plant.
Drainage System. Building Gravity . A drainage system that drains via the force of gravity into
a building sewer.
Dual Vent . {See Common Vent)
Durham System . Soil or waste systems where all piping is threaded pipe that uses recessed
drainage fittings to correspond to the types of piping.
Dwelling -- Single . A room or group of rooms, forming a single habitable unit that is an
independent building enclosed within its own exterior walls, roof and foundation, with facilities
which are used, or intended to be used, for sleeping, living, cooking, and eating; and where the
sewer connection and water supply are within the building's own premise and is separate from
and completely independent of any other dwelling.
Dwelling ~ Multiple . Three, or more single dwellings that are not independent buildings, that
share exterior walls, a roof, and a foundation and where a corrunon sewer connection and water
supply are contained within the premise.
Dwelling - Two Family . Two single dwellings that are not independent buildings, that share
a common exterior wall, a roof, and a foundation and a where a conmion water supply and sewer
connection are contained within its own premises.
Effective Opening . The minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply discharge,
measured or expressed in terms of (a) if the opening is circular as the diameter of a circle, or (b)
if the opening is not circular, as the diameter of a circle having the equivalent cross sectional area
of the opening.
3/11/05 248 CMR -87
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
. OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Existine Work . A plumbing system or any part thereof installed prior to March 11, 2005.
Fire Line . A system of pipes and equipment used exclusively to supply water for extinguishing
fires.
Fixture fPlumbing Fixture) . Installed receptacles, devices or appliances that are either supplied
with water and/or receive and/or discharge liquids, or liquid-bome wastes, or both, with or
without discharge into the drainage system with which they may be directly or indirectly
connected.
Fixture Branch . A pipe connecting several fixtures.
Fixture Drain . A drain connected to the trap of one fixture.
Fixture Supply . The water supply pipe that connects a fixture to either a branch water supply
pipe or directly to a main water supply pipe.
Fixture Unit . The rate of discharge of water through a plumbing fixture wherein IV2 gallons per
minute is equal to one fixture unit.
Flood Level Rim . The edge of a receptacle from which water overflows.
Flooded . When the liquid in a fixture or receptacle rises to the flood level rim.
Flow Pressure CResidual Pressure) . The pressure in a water supply pipe as measured at the faucet
or water outlet when the faucet or water outlet is wide open and flowing.
Flush Valve . A device that is located at the bottom of a tank and that is used for flushing toilets
and similar fixtures.
Rushometer Valve . A device used for flushing purposes that discharges a predetermined
quantity of water into fixtures and where the device is closed by direct water pressure.
Genetics . The branch of biology that deals with heredity and variations of organisms.
Grade. The fall (slope) of a line of pipe in reference to a horizontal plane. In drainage it is
usually expressed as the fall in a fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe.
Gray-water. Used water out-flowing from a clothes-washer, shower, bathtub or bathroom sink
and reused on the same site for below ground irrigation only. Gray-water is typically not treated.
Grease Interceptor . A passive interceptor whose rated flow exceeds 50 gpm (189 L/m).
(See Interceptor)
Grease Trap . A passive interceptor whose rated flow is 50 gpm (189 L/m) or less. (See
Interceptor)
Hangers . (See Supports)
Hazardous Waste. A waste, or combination of wastes, which because of its quantity,
concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may cause, or significantly
contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating
reversible illness or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health, safety, or
welfare or to the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, used or disposed of,
or otherwise managed. See 310 CMR 30.00 for possible exemptions and for "Mixed waste."
Hazardous Wastes. Piping or Treatment . Wastes which require special treatment before entry
into a normal plumbing system.
3/11/05 248 CMR -88
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.03: continued
Hazardous Waste Pipe . Pipes which convey hazardous wastes.
Horizontal Branch Drain . A drain branch pipe that extends laterally from a soil or waste stack
or a building drain, that may or may not have vertical sections or branches, that receives the
discharge from one or more fixture drains and that conducts the discharge to the soil or waste
stack or to the building drain.
Horizontal Pipe . Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of less than 45° in reference to a
horizontal plane.
Hot Water . Water at a temperature of at least 120°F.
Individual Sewage Disposal System . A system for disposal or treatment of domestic sewage by
means of a septic tank or sewage treatment plant wherein the system is designed for use apart
from a public sewer and serves a single establishment or building where a public sewer is not
available.
Indirect Waste Pipe . A waste pipe that does not connect directly with a drainage system, but
discharges into a drainage system through an air break or air gap into a properly wasted and
vented trap, fixture, receptacle or interceptor.
Individual Vent . A pipe installed to vent a fixture drain. It connects with the vent system above
? the fixture served or terminates at a point above the roof level.
Individual Water Supp ly. A water supply, other than a public water supply, that serves one or
more buildings, dwellings or structures.
Industrial Waste Water ! Water that has been contaminated with by-products of industrial
manufacturing processes.
Industrial Wastes . Liquid wastes that result from the processes employed in industrial and
commercial establishments.
Insanitary . Contrary to sanitary principles; injurious to health.
Interceptor . A device designed and installed to separate and retain for removal, by automatic or
manual (passive) means deleterious, hazardous, or undesirable matter from nonrial wastes and
permits normal sewage or liquid wastes to discharge into the drainage system by gravity.
Installed . An altered, changed, or new installation.
Irrigation System . A system of water distribution piping used to wet or moisten the landscape.
Leaching Well or Pit . A pit or receptacle having porous walls that permits the contents to seep
into the ground.
Leader . An exterior drainage pipe for conveying storm water from a roof or gutter drains.
Liquid Waste . Discharge from any fixture, appliance, area or appurtenance that does not contain
human or animal waste matter suspended in a solution.
Load Factor . The percentage of the total connected fixture unit flow which is likely to occur at
any point in the drainage system. It varies with the type of occupancy, the total flow unit above
this point being considered, and with the probability factor of simultaneous use.
Loop Vent . A branch vent that serves two or more floor-outlet fixtures that are battery wasted.
The loop vent extends from the top of the horizontal soil and/or waste branch in front of the last
fixture waste and connects to a vent stack or stack vent that is adjacent to the down-stream end
of the horizontal branch.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 89
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Main. The principal pipe artery to which branches may be connected.
Materials . All piping, tubing and fittings, drains and receptacles, interceptors and protectors,
hangers and supports, covers and coverings, appliances and other devices and appurtenances
used, or referred to, in the definitions of Plumbing, Plumbing Fixtures and Plumbing Systems.
Mezzanine . An intermediate or fractional level between a floor and a ceiling that projects in the
form of a balcony over the floor and wherein the aggregate floor area of the intermediate or
fractional level is less than 33% of the area of the floor over which it is located.
Non-potable Water . Water that does not meet the standards of potable water.
Nuisance . Public nuisance as known in common law or in equity jurisprudence; what is
dangerous to human life or detrimental to health; what building, structure or premise is not
sufficiently ventilated, sewered, drained, cleaned or lighted, in reference to its intended or actual
use; or what renders the air or human food or drink or water supply unwholesome.
Offset . A combination of elbows or bends which brings a pipe out of line with one section of
piping but into a line parallel with another section of piping.
pH . The negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration used in expressing both acidity
and alkalinity on a scale whose values run from zero to 14, with a lower value of less than seven
indicating increasing acidity and values greater than seven indicating increasing alkalinity. A
value of seven would indicate a neutral pH condition.
Person . A natural person, his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns; a firm, partnership,
corporation, institution, association or group, its or their successors or assigns; or a city, town,
county, or other governmental unit, owning or renting, leasing or controlling property, or
carrying on an activity regulated by M.G.L. c. 142 or 248 CMR.
Plumbing . Plumbing includes the work and/or practice, materials and fixtures used in the
installation, removal, maintenance, extension and alteration of a plumbing system; of all piping,
fixtures, fixed appliances and appurtenances in connection with any of the following: sanitary
drainage or storai drainage facilities, hazardous wastes, the venting system and the public or
private water-supply systems, within or adjacent to any building, structure, or conveyance; to
their connection with any point of public disposal or other acceptable terminal within the
property line.
It is the interpretation of this Board that that portion of the plumbing system consisting of all
building drains beginning from a point ten feet outside from the inside face of the foundation
wall and running into the building structure shall be installed by a licensed plumber only. On
public or private water supply systems, any pipe beginning on the house side of the metering
device or, if none, the main control valve immediately inside the foundation wall to the point of
actual connection to heating/cooling equipment, appliance, fixture, etc. shall be installed by a
licensed plumber only. When a metering device is installed as part of the water supply and
distribution system for a building or group of buildings at a location outside the foundation
wall(s) of said building(s), the cutting, fitting, connection and testing of all water supply piping
between the metering device and said building(s) shall be performed by a licensed plumber in
accordance with the requirements of 248 CMR. Other work involved in the installation of such
piping such as trenching, tunneling, placement of assembled piping in the trenches, backfilling
etc., may be performed by unlicensed personnel.
Plumbing System . The water supply and distribution pipes; plumbing fixtures and traps; soil,
waste, and vent pipes; building sanitary and storm drains including the respective cormections,
devices, and appurtenances of the drains that are connected a point of public disposal or other
appropriate terminal within the propeity line.
3/11/05 248 CMR -90
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Potable Water . Water that does not contain impurities in amounts sufficient to cause disease or
harmful physiological effects. Its bacteriological and chemical quality shall conform to the
pertinent requirements of 310 CMR, the regulations of the Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection or to the pertinent local Board of Health regulations.
Private or Private Use. In the classification of plumbing fixtures, private shall apply to fixtures
in residences, apartments, condominiums and to private guest rooms in hotels and motels.
Private Sewer . A sewer, serving two or more buildings, privately owned, and not directly
controlled by a public authority.
Public or Public Use . In the classification of plumbing fixtures, public shall apply to every
fixture not defined under Private or Private Use.
Public Sewer . A common sewer directly controlled by public authority.
Public Water Main . A water supply pipe for public use controlled by public authority.
Purification Waste . A by-product of waste material generated by or from the fermentation
process to produce a pure substance.
Purified Water . Water produced by distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, or other methods
so that it meets the requirements of purified water in the most recent edition of the United State
Pharmacopoeia.
Readily Accessible . Direct access without the necessity of removing or moving any panel, door,
lock or similar- obstruction.
Receptor . A fixture or device that receives the discharge from indirect waste pipes.
Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Molecules . Viable organisms containing molecules
made outside living cells by joining natural or synthetic DNA segments to DNA molecules that
can replicate in a living cell, or DNA molecules that can result from the replication of those
described above. Such use shall be in accordance with the NIH Guidelines for Research
Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules, Federal Register Vol. 49, No. 227, November 23,
1984, P.462266.
Relief Vent . A vent that is designed to permit additional circulation of air between drainage and
vent systems.
Return Offset . A double offset installed so that it retums the pipe to its original alignment.
Reverse Osmosis . A water treatment process that removes undesirable materials from water by
using pressure to force the water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. This process
is referred to as "reverse" osmosis. Pressure forces the water to flow in the reverse direction
(from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution) to the flow direction (from the dilute to
the concentrated) in the process of natural osmosis. Reverse osmosis removes ionized salts,
colloids, and organic molecules down to a molecular weight of 100. This process is sometimes
referred to as hyperfiltration.
Reverse Osmosis - rWater Treatment Unit") . A device installed within a potable drinking water
system that uses reverse osmosis as the primary technology for processing potable tap water into
high quality drinking water. The reverse osmosis drinking water device is designed to separate
water from undesirable dissolved and undissolved substances such as particulate matter, salts,
metals, organic matter, and niicroorganisms.
Rim . An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
3/11/05 248 CMR -91
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Riser . A water supply pipe which extends vertically one full story or more to convey water to
branches or to a group of fixtures.
Roof Drain . A drain receptor installed to receive water that collects on the surface of a roof and
conveys the discharge water into a leader or a conductor.
Roughing-in . The installation of all parts of the plumbing system that can be completed prior
to the installation of fixtures. This includes drainage piping, water supply piping, vent piping,
the necessary fixture supports, and any fixtures that are built into the building.
Sand Trap . See Interceptor.
Sanitary Sewer . A pipe that carries sewage but does not carry storm, surface, clear water or
ground water.
Seepage Well or Pit . A covered pit with open jointed lining. The septic tank effluent the pit
receives may seep or leach into the surrounding porous soil through the open jointed lining.
Separator . See Interceptor.
Septic Tank . A watertight receptacle to receive sewage from a building sewer or building drain
which is designed and constructed to penmit sufficient retention of wastewater to allow for the
separation of scum and sludge and the partial digestion of organic matter before discharge of the
liquid portion to a soil absorption system.
Sewage . Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution, and
the waste may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
Sewage Ejectors . A device for moving sewage by entraining it on a high velocity steam, air or
water jet.
Sewage Pump . A permanently installed mechanical device, except an ejector, for removing
sewage or liquid waste from a sump.
Side Vent . A vent that coimects to a drain pipe via a fitting where the angle of the vent is less
than 45° from the vertical.
Siphon Breaker . A siphon breaker is a valve device, or appurtenance, constructed and installed
to prevent back flow in the plumbing system or any portion thereof (See Back-flow and
Back-siphonage)
Size of Pipe and Tubing . {See Diameter)
Slope . {See Grade)
Soil Pipe . Any pipe that conveys' the discharge of toilets, urinals or fixtures having similar
functions to the building drain or building sewer. The discharge may be conveyed with or
without the discbarge from other fixtures.
Stack . A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste, vent or inside conductor piping which
extends beyond at least one branch interval in height.
Stack Group . A term that is applied to the location of fixtures in relation to the stack so that by
means of proper fittings vents may be reduced to a minimum.
Stack Vent . The portion of a soil or waste stack that is six inches above the highest flood level
rim of the highest fixture cormected to the stack. The stack vent terminates in compliance with
248 CMR 10.16.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 92
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Stack Venting . A method of venting a fixture or fixtures through a soil or waste stack.
Sterilization . The act or process that is physical or chemical that results in the complete
destruction of microorganisms.
Storm Drainage System . A system that is used for conveying rain water, surface water,
condensate, cooling water, sprinkler discharge or similar clear liquid wastes to the storm sewer
or other place of disposal. The clear liquid waste conveyed excludes sewage or industrial waste.
Storm Sewer . A sewer used for conveying rain water, surface water, condensate, cooling water,
or similar clear liquid wastes.
Subsoil Drain . A drain that collects subsurface, ground or seepage water and conveys it to a
place of disposal.
Sump . A tank or pit that receives sewage or liquid waste, that is located below the normal grade
of the gravity drainage system, and that must be emptied by mechanical means.
Sump Pump . A mechanical device, except for an ejector or bucket, that removes clear liquid
waste from a sump.
Supports — Hangers — Anchors . Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fixtures, and
equipment, to walls, ceilings, floors or structural members.
Swimming Pool . Any structure, basin, chamber, or tank containing an artificial body of water
for swimming, diving, or recreational bathing and having a depth of two feet or more at any
point.
Trap . A fitting or device that provides a liquid seal that prevents the emission of sewer gases
without materially effecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it.
Trap Arm . That portion of a fixture drain or waste drain between the trap and its vent.
Trap Primer . A trap primer is a device or system of piping to maintain a water seal in a trap.
Trap Seal . The vertical distance between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the trap.
Treated Water . Potable water that has passed through a system for the purpose of purification,
aeration, filtration, disinfection, softening, conditioning, fluoridation, stabilization, or corrosion
correction and/or has had chemicals added which may alter its physical, chemical or radiological
quality.
Troughs . An open conduit, drain, channel, trench or gutter.
Unisex/Handicap Toilet Room . A room containing one toilet and one lavatory available for use
by either sex.
Vacuum . Any pressure less than that exerted by the atmosphere.
Vacuum Breaker. Non-pressure Type rAtmospheric\ See Anti-Siphon Vacuum Breaker —
Non-pressure Type.
Vacuum Breaker. Pressure Type . See Anti-Siphon Vacuum Breaker ~ Pressure Type.
Vacuum Relief Valve . A device to prevent an excessive vacuum in a water storage tank or
heater.
3/11/05 248 CMR -93
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.03: continued
Vent - Automatic . A mechanical device that opens as a result of negative pressure in the
drainage system to prevent trap siphonage, and closes gas and water tight when the pressure in
the drainage system is equal to or greater than ambient pressure to prevent the entry of sewer gas
into the building.
Vent Pipe . Part of a vent system.
Vent Stack . A vertical vent pipe installed to provide circulation of air to and from the drainage
system.
Vent System . A pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow of air to or from the drainage system
or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage and
back pressure.
Vertical Pipe . Any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of 45° or less with the vertical plane.
Wail Hung Toilet . A wall mounted toilet installed in such a way that no pait of the toilet touches
the floor.
Waste . See Liquid Waste.
Waste Pipe . A pipe which conveys only waste.
Water Distribution Pipe . A pipe within the building or on the premises that conveys water from
the water service pipe to the point of usage.
Water Filter . A device installed on a potable water system through which water flows for the
reduction of turbidity, microorganisms, particulate matter, taste, color, odor or other
contaminants.
Water Main . A pipe used to convey the public water supply.
Water of Questionable Safety . Water that passes through an isolated portion of the water piping
distribution system. The system is defined as beginning at the outlet of a back-flow preventing
device and ends at a point of final or actual connection with heating/cooling equipment or other
fixtures, apparatus and appliances that require water for operation and process.
Water Outlet . As used in connection with a water-distribution system, a discharge opening for
water:
(a) to a fixture;
(b) to atmospheric pressure (except into an open tank which is part of the water supply
system);
(c) to a boiler or heating system; or
(d) to any water operated device or equipment requiring water in a plumbing system.
Water Service Pipe . The pipe from the municipal water main or private other source of water
supply to the water distribution system of the building served.
Water Softener . A device installed on a potable water system through which water flows for the
reduction of hardness and other metals using the cation exchange process.
Water Supply Svstem . The water service pipe, the water distribution pipes, and the necessary
connection pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances in or adjacent to a building or
premises.
3/11/05 248 CMR -94
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
10.03:. continued
Water Treatment Device . A device which means any instrument or product sold, rented or
leased, or offered for sale, rental or lease designed or claimed either to benefit potable water
systems or to treat water intended for human consumption or use; including but not limited to,
instruments or products using filtration, distillation, absorption, adsoiption/ion exchange, reverse
osmosis or other treatoient processes or technologies such as magnetic or electro-magnetic field
and catalytic conversion which is claimed to alter the radiological, chemical or physical
properties of water.
Water Vending Machine . Any self-service device which, upon receipt of payment, dispenses
purified or drinking water in bulk without the necessity of replenishing the device between each
vending operation. The device is connected to a public or private system.
Wet Vent . A waste pipe that also serves as a vent, on the same floor level.
Workmanship . Work of such character that will fully secure the desired or needed results.
Yoke Vent (Relief Vent-footl . A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent
stack and designed for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stack.
10.04: Testing and Safetv
(1) Surveyed . Prior to the commencement of work, all portions of existing systems that are
directly affected by proposed plumbing work shall be surveyed by the licensed plumber to insure
that the existing work is adequate to support the proposed work.
(2) Inspections of the Plumbing System . An Inspection is required for all plumbing work
pursuant to 248 CMR 3.00. In addition, the following requirements shall be satisfied.
(a) Inspection of Rough Plumbing .
1. The piping of the plumbing, drainage, and venting systems shall be tested as part of
the Inspection.
2. Upon proper notice of a request for an Inspection of the rough plumbing, the
Inspector shall make the Inspection within two working days after receipt of such notice.
3. The Inspector shall proceed with the Inspection only if the licensed plumber
requesting the Inspection is on site, with a current edition of 248 CMR the Massachusetts
Fuel Gas and Plumbing Code.
4 Methods of Testing the Drainage and Vent System .
a. Water. Test . A water test shall be applied to the drainage system either in its
entirety or in sections. If applied to the entire system, all openings in the piping shall
be tightly closed, except the highest opening and the system filled with water to point
of overflow. If the system is tested in sections, each openingshall be lightly plugged,
except the highest opening of the section under test, and each section shall be filled
with water. When testing successive sections, at least the upper ten feet of the next
preceding section shall be tested, so that no joint or pipe in the building (except the
uppermost ten feet of the system) shall have been submitted to a test that utilizes less
than a ten foot head of water. The water shall be kept in the system or in the portion
under test for at least 15 minutes before the inspection starts: the system shall then
be tight at all points.
b. Air Test . An air test shall be performed by attaching an air compressor testing
apparatus to any suitable opening, and, after closing all other inlets and outlets to the
system, forcing air into the system, until there is a uniform gauge pressure of five
P.S.I.G. or sufficient pressure to balance a column of mercury ten inches in height.
This pressure shall be held without introduction of additional air for a period of at
least 15 minutes. The gauge used for this test shall be calibrated in increments no
greater than 1/10 of a pound.
3/11/05 248 CMR -95
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.04: continued
c. Peppermint Test .
i. A peppermint test shall only be used and perforaied on the concealed piping
within existing buildings or structures. The test shall be applied by creating a
liquid mixture with the appropriate amount of oil of peppermint and hot water.
The mixture shall contain two ounces of oil of peppermint for evei7 one gallon
of hot water. This mixmre shall be sufficient for testing a stack 50 feet in height
or the equivalent offive branch intervals, (includingthebasement, if applicable),
ii. The mixture shall be poured down a main stack,
iii. The stack opening shall then be sealed.
iv. The individual who has handled the oil of peppermint or the peppermint
mixture shall not enter the building until the test has been completed. The
presence of the aroma of the oil of peppermint may potentially be present on the
individual who created the mixture and will compromise the building
environment under test and observation.
V. After the completion of the test and upon irrunediate inspection of the
building, if the odor of peppermint is prominent in a given area, then the test
indicates a defect in that portion of the system in that vicinity,
d. Smoke Test .
i. A smoke test shall be performed by obtaining smoke injector equipment
designed for the purpose of producing and introducing a heavy volume of smoke.
Smoke injector testing equipment utilizes several methods for producing
adequate smoke conditions for testing; manufacturer's recommendations shall be
observed.
ii. The discharge hose from the smoke injector equipment shall be extended to
and through a smoke test cap or plug and all voids encompassing the hose shall
be sealed with putty or other similar compound.
iii. When the entire system or portion thereof is charged with smoke, air
pressure equal to one-inch water column shall be applied,
iv. Defects, failures and leaks in the piping system will be revealed by plumes
of smoke that will discharge through them.
2. Methods of Testing the Water Distribution and Supply System . Upon completion of
a section or of the entire water supply system when roughed, it shall be tested and proved
tight under a pressure not less than 125 pounds per square inch. Water used for tests
shall be obtained from a potable supply source. Air or other inert gases may be used for
testing,
(b) Final Test and Inspection .
1. Within five days after the plumbing work is sufficiently advanced so that Principle
No. 6 in 248 CMR 10.02(6) is satisfied, the plumber who performed the work or the
Permit Holder shall notify the Inspector.
2. Within two working days after receipt of such notice, the Inspector shall proceed with
the inspection and examine the work with the water turned on to the fixtures. If
requested by the Inspector, the licensed plumber shall be present with a current edition
of 248 CMR.
3. If the installation is found in compliance with 248 CMR an Inspection approval tag
shall be issued by the Inspector.
4. Defects .
a. Should the examination of work disclose any defects or violations of 248 CMR,
the plumber shall be required to remedy the violations and defects, without delay, and
notify the Inspector for a repeat Inspection of the installation.
b. If the licensee holding a permit for work in a building turns the water on and fails
to properly notify the Inspector as required, or neglects to remedy any defects or
violations that may have been found and pointed out to him/her by the Inspector
he/she shall not be granted any further permits until he/she has complied with
248 CMR. Other disciplinary action may be pursued by the Inspector as provided for
. in M.G.L. c. 142 and 248 CMR.
(5) Defective Materials and Poor Workmanship . If at the time of testing and Inspection leaks,
defective or patched materials, or evidence of unskilled or inferior workmanship is found with
the plumbing installation, the following procedures shall be followed:
3/11/05 248 CMR -96
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.04: continued
(a) The Inspector shall condemn the affected part(s) or entire system.
(b) The Inspector shall order that the defective parts, unskilled or inferior workmanship be
removed and corrected.
(c) No further progress shall be allowed with the installation until the defective parts,
unskilled or inferior workmanship is compliant with 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
(6) Repairs and Alterations .
(a) Deviations from the provisions of 248 CMR may be permitted in existing buildings or
premises where plumbing installations are to be altered, repaired, or renovated. The
deviations shall be negotiated by the Permit Holder and the Inspector prior to the installation:
The deviations may be allowed provided that the deviations ai-e found to be necessary and
conform to the scope and intent of 248 CMR. 10.00,
(b) Whenever compliance with all of the provisions of 248 CMR 10.00 fails to eliminate or
alleviate a nuisance that may involve health or safety hazards, the Inspector shall notify the
owner or his or her agent in writing of the violations. The owner or his or her agent shall
notify a licensed plumber to install such additional plumbing or equipment that may be found
necessary by the Inspector.
(7) Defective Plumbing .
(a) Whenever there is reason to believe that the plumbing system of any building has
become defective, it shall be subjected to test and/or inspection, and any defects found shall
be corrected as required in writing by the Inspector.
(b) Whenever the work subject to a peiTnit complies with the provisions 9f 248 CMR 3.00
through 10.00, but the Inspector notes other existing plumbing or gas fitting that may cause
a health or safety hazai'd, the Inspector shall notify the owner of the hazard in writing.
(8) Maintenance . The plumbing and drainage system of any premises shall be caused to be
maintained in a sanitary and safe operating condition by the owner or his or her agent.
(9) Demolition and Removal . ~
(a) When a fixture that is connected to the plumbing system is to be permanently removed,
a permit for the work shall be secured. All plumbing connections to that fixture shall be
made water and gas tight.
(b) Insofar as they ai-e pertinent, the provisions of 248 CMR 10.04(9)(a) shall also apply
when a building, structure, dwelling or tenant space is to be demolished.
(10) Personal Safety .
(a) In General . All personnel working on plumbing systems water, waste, vents systems,
fixtures and, appliances and appurtenances shall wear appropriate protected clothing and/or
equipment and conform to M.G.L. c. 1 IIF, § 2, the "Right to Know Law".
(b) Special Labs . All licensed plumbers and plumbing apprentices installing pipe
connections or' working on drains to hospital waste and vent systems, mortuary waste and
vent systems, laboratory waste and vent systems, dental waste and vent systems and
plumbing systems in radioactive sensitive areas shall have the surface of their body and
clothing protected by disposable or washable gowns similar or equal to the gowns, gloves
and face masks worn by surgical staff.
10.05: General Regulations
(1) Conforming with 248 CMR 10.00 . Except as otherwise allowed by specific exception
granted by the Board under 248 CMR 3.00, all plumbing which is installed shall confoim to the
following general requirements as outlined in 248 CMR 10.00.
(2) Pitch of Horizontal Drainage Piping .
(a) Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in straight practical alignment and at a consistent
uniform pitch.
(b) Horizontal drainage piping which is three inches in diameter or smaller shall be installed
with a minimum uniform pitch of V4 inch per foot.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 97
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.05: continued
(c) Horizontal drainage piping which is larger than three inches in diameter shall be
installed with a minimum uniform pitch of Vb inch per foot.
(d) Storm or sanitary drains shall be installed at a slope that produces a computed velocity
of discharge of not less than two feet per second.
(3) Changes in Direction of Drainage Piping .
(a) Fittings to Be Used .
1. Changes in the direction of drainage piping shall be made by the use of wyes, long
sweep quarter bends, fifth, sixth, eighth or sixteenth bends, or their equivalent.
2. Quarter bends, or their equivalent may be used in soil and waste lines when the
change in the direction of the flow is from the horizontal to the vertical.
3. Tees and crosses for vent fittings may be used for changes in the direction of vent
piping only.
4. Short sweep fittings may be used in a branch waste line when the waste line serves
only one outlet and cleanouts are provided in accordance with 248 CMR 10.08.
(b) Back to Back Fixtures . Back to back fixmres shall be installed:
1 . with fittings that are designed to prevent the discharge of each fixture to mix prior to
a change in horizontal direction; or
2. with fittings especially designed to eliminate throw over from the discharge of one
fixture to the discharge of the other fixture without compromising venting requirements.
(4) Fittings and Connections Prohibited .
(a) Fittings Prohibited .
1 . No fitting that incorporates a straight T branch shall be used as a drainage fitting.
2. No fitting or connection that has an enlargement chamber or that has a recess with
a ledge or shoulder, or that incorporates a reduction in pipe area shall be used.
3. No running threads, bands or saddles shall be used in a drainage system.
4. No drainage pipe or vent piping shall be drilled, tapped, burned or welded.
5. A fitting commonly referred to as a "Sisson Joint" is prohibited.
(b) Obstruction to Flow .
1 . No fitting, connection, device, or method of installation that obstructs or retards the
flow of water, wastes, sewage, or air in drainage or venting systems where the
obstruction results in flow resistance that is greater than the normal frictional resistance
to flow shall be used unless otherwise specifically indicated elsewhere in 248 CMR
10.00.
2. The enlargement of a three-inch closet bend or stub to four inches shall not be
considered an obstruction under this provision provided that the horizontal flow line or
insert is continuous without forming a ledge.
(c) Dead Ends . Dead ends shall not be used as any part of a drainage system except where
the use of a dead end is necessary to extend a cleanout so as to be accessible.
(d) Heel or Side-inlet Bends . A heel or side-inlet quarter bend shall not be used as a dry
vent when the inlet is placed in a horizontal position, or any similar arrangement of pipe and
fittings producing a similar effect, except when the entire fitting is part of a dry vent
arrangement.
(5) Trenching. Tunneling and Backfilling ,
(a) Trenching and Bedding .
1 . Trenches shall be of sufficient width to permit proper installation of the pipe.
2. Where shoring is required, ample allowance shall be made in the trench's width to
facilitate proper working conditions.
3. Where trenches are excavated to a grade such that the bottom of the trench foirns the
bed for the pipe:
a. care must be exercised to provide solid bearing between joints; and
b. bell holes shall be provided at points where the pipe is joined.
4. Where trenches are excavated below grade such that the bottom of the trench does
not form the bed for the pipe, the trench shall be back-filled to grade with sand tamped
in place so as to provide a uniform bearing surface for the pipe between joints.
3/11/05 248 CMR -98
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.05: continued
5. Where rock is encountered in trenching;
a. The rock shall be removed to a point at least three inches below the grade line of
the trench and the trench shall be backfilled to grade with sand tamped in place so as
to provide a uniform bearing for the pipe between joints; and
b. care shall be exercised to ensure that no portion of the pipe, including its joints,
rests on any portion of a rock.
6. If soft materials'of poor bearing qualities are found at the bottom of the trench:
a. a concrete foundation shall be provided to ensure a firm foundation for the pipe;
and
b. the concrete foundation shall be bedded with sand tamped in place so as to
provide a uniform bearing for the pipe between joints.
7. For PVC and ABS piping underground, >See 248 CMR 10.06(2Xo)19.: Piping Trench
Installation.
(b) Tunneling .
1 . Where necessary, pipe may be installed by tunnelmg or jacking, or a combination of
both. In such cases special care shall be exercised to protect the pipe from damage either
during installation or from subsequent uneven loading.
2. Where earth tunnels are used, adequate supporting strucUires shall be provided to
prevent future settling or caving.
3. Pipe may be installed in a larger conduit that has been jacked through unexcavated
portions of the trench.
(c) Backfilling .
1. Until the crown of the pipe is covered by at least two feet of tamped earth
considerable care shall be exercised in backfilling trenches.
2. Loose eaith, free of rocks, broken concrete, frozen chunks and other mbble, shall be
carefully placed in the trench in six-inch layers and tamped in place.
3. Care shall be taken to thoroughly compact the backfill under and beside the pipe to
be sure that the pipe is properly supported.
4. Backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe so that it retains proper
alignment.
(d) Safety Pi-ecautions . All laws, mles and regulations pertaining to safety and protection
of workmen, other persons in the vicinity, and neighboring property shall be observed where
excavating, trenching, blasting, or other hazardous operations are being conducted.
(6) Structural Safety . In the process of installing or repairing any plumbing installation, the
finished floors, walls, ceilings, tile work or any other part of the building or premises that must
be changed or replaced shall be returned to a safe structural condition upon completion of the
plumbing work.
(7) Workmanship . Workmanship shall conform to generally accepted good practice. Particular
attention shall be applied to all piping installations in regard to the alignment of piping (straight,
level, plumb).
(8) Protection of Piping .
(a) Corrosion . Any pipe that is in contact with or that passes through or under a masonry
product, concrete product or any other similar and potentially con-osive material shall be
protected against external damage by application of a protective sleeve, coating, wrapping,
or other means that will prevent corrosion.
(b) Cutting, Notching, or Drilling .
1. A structural member of any building shall not be weakened or impaired by cutting,
drilling or notching.
2. Any cutting, drilling, or notching shall be completed in compliance with the local
Inspector of Buildings or as specified in 780 CMR: The Massachusetts State Building
Code.
(c) Freezing Prevention .
1. No water supply or drainage piping shall be installed outside of or under a building
in an exposed, open or unhealed area.
3/11/05 248 CMR -99
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.05: continued
2. For water supply or drainage piping ttiat is installed in an exterior wall,
unconditioned space or similar areas that may be directly influenced by freezing
temperatures, adequate provision shall be made to protect all pipes from freezing.
3. The protection and covering of water and waste pipes shall be the responsibility of
the instalhng plumber.
(d) Rat Proofing .
1 . All strainer plates on drain inlets shall be designed and installed so that the diameter
of the opening is no greater than or equal to '/z inch.
2. Meter boxes shall be constructed in such a manner that rats cannot enter a building
by following the water service pipe from the box into the building.
(e) Physical Damage . All exposed drainage piping, vent piping, or water piping in parking
garages, in residential garages, warehouses or similar type buildings must be protected
against physical damage from all types of vehicles such as automobiles, carts, pallet jacks
or forklifts.
(9) Prevent Damage to the Drainage System or Sewer . No person shall discharge by any means
into a building drain or sewer the following matter:
(a) ashes;
(b) masonry products;
(c) textiles;
(d) paints;
(d) solvents;
(e) flanmriables;
(f) corrosive or explosive liquid(s);
(g) gas;
(h) oil;
(i) grease; or
(j) any product that would or could obstruct, or damage a drain or sewer.
(10) Detrimental Wastes . Waste that is detrimental to the public sewer system or to the
functioning of the sewage treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of according to the
requirements of the State, local or Federal authorities having jurisdiction.
(11) Sleeves . The annular space between the sleeve and a pipe that passes through an exterior
wall shall be made water tight or weather tight.
(12) Second Hand or Previously Installed Plumbing Material .
(a) No person shall install second hand or previously installed plumbing material or
a plumbing fixture unless the fixture or material complies with the minimum standards set
forth in 248 CMR 10.00.
(b) If installation of a second hand or previously installed plumbing fixture is in compliance
with 248 CMR 10.00, before installation, it shall be thoroughly cleansed.and disinfected.
(13) Piping in Relation to Footings .
(a) Outside of Footings . Piping which is installed outside of and below a footing shall not
destroy the bearing value of the soil.
(b) Through or Under Footings. Foundations or Walls . No pipe shall be installed through
or under a footing, foundation or wall, except when a provision is made in the footing to
carry the building or structural loads without transmitting such loads to the pipe.
(14) Drainage Below Sewer Level . Drainage piping which is located below the sewer shall be
installed as provided in 248 CMR 10.15(10)
(15) Connections to Plumbing System Required . All plumbing fixtures, drains and
appurtenances which are used to receive or discharge liquid waste or sewage waste shall be
properly connected to the sanitary or storm drainage system of the building or premises in
accordance with the requirements of 248 CMR 10.00.
3/11/05 248 CMR -100
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.05: continued
(16) Sewage Disposal Connections (Buildings') .
(a) The plumbing of each building shall have an independent connection to a public sanitary
sewer outside of building, unless, in the opinion of the Inspector, a single separate connection
is not feasible.
(b) If a public sanitary sewer is not available, the sewage shall be discharged into a sewage
disposal system that complies with 310 CMR 15.00: The State Environmental Code, Title 5:
Standard Requirements for the Siting, Construction, Inspection, Upgrade and Expansion of
On-site Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems and for the Transport and Disposal of
Septage.
(17) Location of Fixtures .
(a) Light and Ventilation . Plumbing fixtures shall be located in compartments, rooms,
spaces or areas that are provided with mechanical ventilation and illumination that conform
to 105 CMR410.000: Minimum Standards of Fitiiess for Human Habitation (State Sanitary
Code, Chapter 11) and 780 CMR: The Massachusetts State Building Code.
(b) Improper Location . Piping, fixtures, or plumbing devices and equipment shall not be
installed in a manner that will interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors, or other
openings.
10.06: Materials
(1) Materials .
(a) Minimum Standards . All materials, systems, and equipment used in the construction,
installation, alteration, repair, replacement, or removal or any plumbing or drainage system
or part thereof, shall conform at least to the standards listed.in 248 CMR 10.06, except that:
1. the Inspector may allow the extension, addition to or relocation of existing water,
soil, waste and/or vent pipes with materials of like grade or quality as permitted under
248 CMR I0.04(6)(a); or
2. materials not covered by the standards listed in 248 CMR 10.06 may be used with the
approval of the Board as permitted under 248 CMR 3.04.
(b)- Installation .
1. All materials installed in plumbing systems shall be so handled and installed as to
avoid damage so that the quality of the material will not be impaired.
2. No defective or damaged materials, equipment or apparatus shall be installed or
maintained.
3. All materials used shall be installed in strict accordance with the standards under
which the materials are accepted and approved by the Board, including the appendices
of the standards, and in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructioris.
(c) Standards and Approval .
1. Materials not listed in 248 CMR 10.06: TaWe 7 sliall be used only as provided for
in 248 CMR 10.06(l)(a) or as permitted in 248 CMR 3.04.
2 Abbreviations in 248 CMR 10.06: Table 1 refer to the following organizations:
a. ANSI - Americgji National Standards Institute, 25 West 43"* Street, New York,
New York 10036, 212-642-4900
b. ASSE -- American Society of Sanitai7 Engineering, 90 1 Canterbui7 Road, Suite
A, Westlake, OH44 145- 1480, 440-835-3040
c. ASTM ~ American Society for Testing 8c Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 610-832-9598
d. American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME), Three Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10016-5990
e. AWS~American Welding Society, P.O. Box 35 1040, 550 N.W. Lejune Road,
Miami, FL 33126
f. AWWA - American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Ave., Denver,
COLO. 80235, 303-794-7711
g. CDA ~ Copper Development Association, P.O. Box 1305, 140 Konhans Road,
Mechanicsburg, PA 170555, 717-795-5495
h. CISPI - Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute, 5959 Shallowford Road, Suite 419,
Chattanooga, TN 37421, 615-892-0137
3/11/05 248 CMR -101
248 CMR: BOAJRD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTITERS
10.06: continued
i. CS - Commercial Standards/Commodity Standards Division, Office of Industry
and Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, 14th St., between E & Constitution
Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004, 202-377-2000
j. FS ~ Federal Supply Service, Standards Division, General Services
Administration, Washington, D.C. 20405, 202-472-1082
j. NAMA " National Automatic Merchandising Association, 20 North Wacker Dr.,
Chicago, IL 60606, 312-346-0370
1. MSS - Manufacturers Standardization Society, (of the) Valve and Fittings
Industry, 127 Paric St., N.E., Vienna, VA 22180, 703-281-6613
m. NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, Quincy Orchard & 1270, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, 301-948-2791
n. NSF - International 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48 104, 734-769-
5361
0. PDl - Plumbing and Drainage Institute, 800 Turnpike Street, Suite 300 North
Andover, MA 01845, 978-557-0720
p. PPI - Plastic Pipe Institute, 1 825 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 680, Washington,
DC 20009, 202-462-9607
q. PS ~ Product Standards (Published by Superintendent of Documents), U.S.
Government Printing Office, North Capitol St., between G & H Sts., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 2001 1, 202-783-3238
r. Water Quality Association, 4151 Naperville Road, Lisle, Illinois 60632, 312-
369-1600
NOTE. Because material standards and specifications are subject to change, the designations
carrying indication of the year of issue may thus become obsolete. 248 CMR 10.06, Table 1
gives the full designations of standards current when 248 CMR was last promulgated. This table
will be reviewed and updated by the Board at regular intei-vals.
3. REFERENCED STANDARDS : The following is a listing of the standards
referenced in 248 CMR 10.00, the effective date of the standard, the promulgating
agency of the standard and the section(s) that refer to the standard. Many titles are
referenced by both ANSI and ASME.
ANSI . American National Standards Institute
25 West 43'" Street
New York, New York 10036
Standard
Reference Title
Number
ANSI/ASME
Al 12.6.1-1997 (R2002) Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use
ANSI/ASME ■
Al 12. 14. 1 (R2003) Backwater Valves
ANSI/ASME
Al 12. 14.3 (2000) Grease Interceptors
ANSI/ASME
Al 12. 14.4 (2001) Grease Removal Devices
ANSI/ASME
Al 12. 18.1 (2003) Plumbing Fixture Fittings
ANSI/ASME
A112.19.1-94(R2004) Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures with Supplement 1-1998 and
Supplement 2-2000
ANSI/ASME
A112.19.2-2003 Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Performance
Requirements for Toilets and Urinals
3/11/05 248 CMR -102
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
10.06: continued
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
ANSI/ASME .
A112.19.3-(R2004)
ANSI/ASME
Al 12.19.4- 94 (R2004)
ANSI/ASME
A112. 19.7-95
ANSI\ASME
A112.19.8(RI996)
ANSI\ASME
A112.6.3-2001
ANSI/ASME
A 11 2. 6.4-2003
ASSE 1010-2004
ANSI/ASME
A112.36.2-91 (R2002)
ANSI/AWS
A5.31
ANSI/AWS
A5.8
ANSl/AW
C3.4
Z 21. 10. 1-98
Z 21.10.3. -2001
Z 21.22.86 -99
Z124.1-95
Z124.2-95
Z124.3-95
Z124.4-96
Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential Use) with
Supplement 1-2002
Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures with Supplement 1-
1999 and Supplement 2-2000
Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances
Suction Fittings for Use in Swinruning Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot
Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances
Floor and Trench Drains
Roof, Deck and Balcony Drains
Performance Requirements for Water Hammer An-estors
Cleanouts
Fluxes, Brazing, and Braze Welding
Filler Metals, Brazing, Braze Welding
Torch Brazing
Gas Water Heaters Volume I Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings of
75,000 BTU per Hour or Less
Gas Water Heaters Volume HI Storage, with Input Ratings Above 75,000
BTU per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous Water Heaters
Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot Water Supply
Systems
Plastic Bathtub Units
Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower Stalls
Plastic Lavatories
Plastic Toilets Bowls and Tanks
3/11/05
248 CMR -103
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, New York 1 00 1 6-5990
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
ASME/ ANSI
A112.6.1-97(R2002)
ASME/ANSI
A 11 2. 14.1 (R2003)
ASME/ANSI
A112.18. 1(2003)
ASME/ANSI
Al 12.19.1- 94 (R2004)
ASME/ANSI
Al 12. 19.2 (2003)
ASME/ANSI
A112.19.3(R2004)
ASME/ANSI
A112.19.4-94(R2004)
ASME/ANSI
A112.19.7-95
ASME/ANSI
A112.19.8(1996)
ASME/ANSI
A112.6.3-2001
ASME/ANSI
Al 12. 6.4-2003
ASME/ANSI
B 1.20.1 (R1999)
B16.3-99
B 16.4- 98
B16.12-98
B16.14-91
B16.15(R1994)
B16.18(R1994)
B16.21-92
B 16.22 (2001)
316.23(2002)
B16.28(1988)
B 16.29 (2001)
B16.39-98
B 16.45-97
B 16.50 (2001)
Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use
Backwater Valves
Plumbing Fixture Fittings
Enameled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures with Supplement 1 - 1998 and
Supplement 2 - 2000
Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Performance
Requirements for Toilets and Urinals
Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (Designed for Residential Use) with
Supplement 1 - 2002
Porcelain Enameled Formed Steel Plumbing Fixtures with Supplement 1-
1999 ann Supplement 2 - 2000
Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances
Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot
Tubs, and Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances
Floor and Trench Drains
Roof , Deck and Balcony Drains
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch)
Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
Cast Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings
Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with pipe threads
Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes
Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings for
Drainage Fittings
Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions
Cast Iron Fittings for Sovent Drainage Systems
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Braze-joint Pressure Fittings
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 104
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06; continued
ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering
901 Canterbury Road, Suite A
Westlake, OH 44145- 1480
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
1001-2002
1002- 99
1003-2002
1005- 99
1006- 89R
1007- 92
1008- 89R
1010- (2004)
1011- (2004)
1012-2002
1013-99
1014- (2004)
1015-90
1016- (2004)
1017- 2003
1018- 2001
1019- (2004)
1020- (2004)
1021-2001
1023-79
Performance Requirements for Pipe Applied Atmospheric Type Vacuum
Breakers
Performance Requirements for Toilet Flush Tank Ball Cocks
Performance Requirements for Water Pressure Reducing Valves
Performance Requirements for Water Heater Drain Valves
Performance Requirements for Residential Use (Household) Dishwashers
Performance Requirements for Home Laundry Equipment
Performance Requirements for Household Food Waste Disposer Units
Performance Requirements for Water Hammer Arresters
Performance Requirements for Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers
Performance Requirements for Backflow Preventers with Intermediate
Atmospheric Vent
Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
Preventers
Performance Requirements for Hand-held Showers
Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow Prevention
Assembly
Performance Requirements for Individual Thermostatic, Pressure Balancing
and Combination Control Valves for Bathing Facilities
Performance Requirements for Temperature Activated Mixing Valves for
Primary Domestic Use
Performance Requirements for Trap seal Primer Valves
Performance Requirements for Wall Hydrants, Frost Resistant Automatic
Draining, Types
Performance Requirements for Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assembly
Performance Requirements for Drain Air Gaps for Domestic Dishwasher
Applications
Plumbing Requirements forHot Water Dispensers Household Storage Type
Electrical
1037- 90
1044-2001
(covered in ASME Al 12.18.1)
Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices
(Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures
Performance Requirements for Trap Seal Primer Valves Drainage Type.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 105
248 CMR: BOAJID OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
ASTM International
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
A53-2001
A74- 98
A3 12- 2001
A377- 99
B42-02el
B43- 98el
B88- 2003
B302- 2002
B306- 2002
B370- 2003
B8l3-2000el
B819-00
B 828-2002
C12-86
C14- 99
C76- 2000
C301-89
C361-89
C425- 2002
C443- 2001
C444-80
C564- 97
C700-2002
D1330-85
D1527- 99
D1785-99
D2 104- 2001
D2235- 2001
D2239- 2001
D2241- 2000
D2282-99
D232 1-2000
D2447-2001
D2464- 99.
D2466- 2001
Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded
and Steamless
Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austeniiic Stainless Steel
Pipes
Index for Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe
Specification for Seaniless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes
Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes
Specifications for Seamless Copper Water Tube
Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe
Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)
Standard Specification for Copper Sheet Strip for Building Construction
Standard specification for liquid and paste fluxes for soldering of copper
and copper alloy tube
Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Medical Gas Systems
Standard practice for making capillary joints by Soldering of copper and
copper alloy tube and fittings
Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer
Pipe
Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
Specifications for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe,
Using Rubber Gaskets
Standard Specification for Perforated Concrete Pipe
Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength and
Perforated
Standard Specification for Rubber Sheet Gaskets
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe
Schedules 40 and 80
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Schedules 40,
80 and 120
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40
Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR)
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-Series)
Specification for Acrylontrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (SDR-
PR)
Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic
Sewer Pipe
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40
and 80, Based on Outside Diameter
Specification for Thi-eaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVS) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings
Schedule 40
3/11/05
248 CMR - 106
10.06: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
D2467- 2001
D2468- 96a
D2564-96a
D26G9- 2000
D266 1-2001
D2665- 2001
D2672- 96a
D2729- 96a
D2737- 2001
D2751-96a
D2774-72
D2846- 99
D2852-89 .
D2855- 96
D2949-2000a
D3034-2001
D3 122-95
D3 139-98
D3212-96a
D3261-88
D33 11-94
D4068-2001
F402-98(R99)
F405-98
F409-2002
F437-99
F438-2001
F439-2001
Specification for Socket-type Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 40
Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
Specifications for Aciylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste and
Vent Pipe Fittings
Specification for Solvent Cement Joint Sockets on Belled PVC Pressure
Pipe
Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and
Fittings
Recommended Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic
Pressure Piping
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot
and Cold Water Distribution Systems
Standard Specification for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Drain Pipe and
Fittings
Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
Specification for 3.25-fo Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and
Fittings
Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Styrene-Rubber (SR)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals
Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals
Standard Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethlene (PE) Plastic
Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing discontinued
Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings
Patterns
Standard Specification for Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting
for Concealed Water Contairunent
Recommended Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements Used for
Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings
Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube
and Tubular Fittings
Specification for Threaded Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
Specification for Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40
Specification for Socket Type Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings. Schedule 80
3/11/05
248 CMR - 107
10.06: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
F441-99
F442-99
F493-97
F628-2001
F656-96a
F789-95a
F876-99A
F877-99A
F891-88A
Fl 807-97
F1960-99
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40 and 80
Specifications for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
(SDR-PR)
Specifications for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe with a Cellular Core
Specification for Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Standard Specification for Type PS-46 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic
Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings
Standard specifications for Cross-liniced polyethylene (PEX) tubing.
Standard specifications for Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX), plastic hot
and cold water distribution systems.
Specifications for co-extruded, (Polyvinyl Chloride), (PVC) plastic pipe
with a cellular core.
Standard specifications for metal insert fittings utilizing a copper crimp ring
for SD9 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) tubing.
Standard specifications for cold expansion fittings with (PEX) reinforcing
rings for use with Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) tubing.
AWWA American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver, CO 80235
Standard
Reference
Number
C110/A21. 10-98
C 11 1/A2 1.11-2000
C151/A21.51-96
C203-91a
C205-89
C2 10-84
C2 13-2001
C303-87
C606-97
Title
Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 in. through 48 in., for Water and
other Liquids
Rtibber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Pressure Pipe and
Fittings
Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Metal Molds or Sand-Lined Molds,
for Water or Other Liquids
Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines Enamel
and Tape- Hot Applied
Cement-Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe four
inches and Larger - Shop Applied
Liquid Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water
Pipelines
Standard for Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating for the Interior and Exterior of
Steel Water Pipelines
Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe, Steel Cylinder Type, Pretensioned, for
Water and Other Liquids; Erratum
Grooved and Shouldered Joints
3/11/05
248 CMR - 108
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
CDA Copper Development Association Inc.
260 Madison Avenue, 16* Floor
New York, NY 100016
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Design Assistance Publication-
409-80
Copper Sovent Single Stack Plumbing System
CIS PI Cast L-on Pipe Institute
Suite 419
5959 Shallowford Road
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
301-2000
Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and
Storm Drain, Waste and Vent Piping Applications
International Cast Polymer Alliance
1010 North Glebe Road, Suite 450
Ai-lington, VA 22201
. Standard
Reference
Number
Title
LS-2-97
Property and Performance Standard for Cast Polyester Lavatories
(Note: includes cultured marble and onyx)
FS Federal Specification that is available from the Supt. of Documents U.S.
Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 20402-9325
General Service Administration
7th and D Streets
Specification Section
Room 6039
Washington, DC 20407
MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Agency
127 Park Street, NE
Vienna, VA 22180
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
SP-58-2002
SP-69-03
SP-70-84
SP-71-84
3/11/05
Pipe Hangers and Supports-materials, Design and Manufacture
Pipe Hangers and Supports-selection and Application
Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanges and Threaded Ends
Cast lion Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends
248 CMR -109
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
NAMA National Automatic Merchandising Association
20 N. Wacker Dr.
Chicago, DL 60606-3 102
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
Section 900-2001
Standard for the Sanitary Design and Construction of Food and Beverage
Vending Machines
NSF International
789 North Dixboro Road
Ann Aitor, MI48104
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
14-2003
42-2002
44-2002
53-2002
58-2002
61-2003
Plastics Piping Components and Related Materials
Drinking Water Treatment Units-Aesthetics Effects
Cation Exchange Water Softeners
Drinking Water Treatment Units-Health Effects
Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems
Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects
PPFA Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association
800 Roosevelt Road
Building C, Suite 20
Glen Ellyn.IL 60137
UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
174-96
399-93
499-97
732-95
749-97
Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters
Drinking Water Coolers
Electric Heating Appliances
Oil-Fired Storage Tank Water Heaters
Household Dishwashers
3/11/05
248 CMR -110
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
WQA Water Quality Association
4151 Naperville Road
Lisle, IL 60532
Standard
Reference
Number
Title
SI 00-2000
S200-2000
S300-2000
S400-2000
Household Comn:\ercial and Portable Exchange Water Softeners
Household and Commercial Water Filters
Point-of-Use Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis Dnnking Water Systems
Point-of-Use Distillation Drinking Water Systems
TABLE 1
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERLU.S AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Ferrous Pipe. Fittings and Valves
Cast Iron Aerators and De-Aerators
ASME Hubless Fittings
Cast Iron Drainage Fittings, Threaded
Cast Iron Screwed Fittings (Threaded)
Cast Iron Pipe (Threaded) DWV
Cast Iron Pipe, Thickness Design of
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Hub &
Spigot
Cast Iron Water Pipe (2")
Cast Iron Water Pipe (Cast in Meial
Molds)
Cast Iron Water Pipe (Cast in Sand-Lined
Molds
Cast Iron Water Pipe Fittings
Dufitile-Iron Pipe
Grove & Shoulder Type Joints (Split-
Couplings)
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for
Hubless Cast Iron Sanitary System
Malleable Iron Screwed Fittings, 150 lbs.
& 300 lbs.
Nipples, Pipe, Threaded
Pipe Fittings, Ferrous (Bushing, Plugs, and
Locknuts) Threaded, 125 & 150 lb.
Pipe Threads (except Dry Seal)
Steel Pipe, Stainless
Steel, Stainless, Water-DWV Tubes
Steel Pipe, Welded or Seamless (for
coiling) Black or Galvanized
B 16.45-1987
None
None
None
B16.12-1998
None
WW-P-46B-I967
None
B 16.4-1998
None
WW-P-501d-1967
None
None
None
WW-P356a-1967
None
None
None
WW-P-421C-1967
None
None
A74-98
WW-P-401e-1974
None
None
A377-99
WW-P-360b-1968
None
None .
A377-99
WW-P-42IC-1967.
None
None
A377-99
WW-P-421C-1967
None
A2 1.1 0-1998
A377.-99
None
*AWWAC110-98
A21.51-1996
A377-99
WW-P-421C-1967
*AWWAC151-96
None
None
None
*AWWA C606-97
None
None
WW-P-104e-1974
CISPI 301-2000
B16.3-1985
None
WW-P-521f-1968
WW-N-351b(l)-
None
None
None
1970
B16,4-198
None
WW-P47b-1970
None
ASME
NFS Handbook
Bl.20.1-1992
None
None
H28-Partn-1966
None
A3 12-200 la
89
None
None
None
None
WW-P-471b-1970
None
None
A53-2001
Int Amend 3-1971
None
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/11/05
248 CMR -111
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Steel Pipe, Welded or Seamless Black or
Galvanized
Steel Pipe (Cement-Mortar Lining and
Reinforced Cement-Mortar (Coating)
Steel Pipe (Coal Tar Enamel or Cement
Coated and Wrapped)
Unions, Pipe, Steel or Malleable Iron
Valves, Ball
Valves, Cast Iron, Gate 125 & 250 lb.
Valves, Cast Iron, Swing Check
None
None
None
None
B16.39-1986
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
WW-
P-406d(])-l973 None
SS-P-385a(l)-I968 AWWA C205-2000
WW-P-1432-1970 *AWWAC203-91a
WW-U-531C-1965 None
WW-V-35a-I965 None
WW-V-58b-197t MSS-SP-70-1984
None MSS-SP 02-1997
Non-FejTOus Metallic Pipe, Fittings and Valves
* Aerator and De-aerator Copper Solder
Joint Drainage Fittings
Aluminum Pipe, Drainage DWV
Brass Tube, Red, Seamless, Pipe, Standard
Sizes
Bronze Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings B 16.24-1979
Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared
Copper Tubes
Cast Copper Alloy Solder-joint Pressure
Fittings
Cast Copper Alloy Solder-joint Drainage
Finings
Copper Pipe, Seamless, Standard Sizes
Copper Pipe, Thread less
Copper Tube, Drainage DWV
Copper Tube, Water, Seamless, Types K,
L, and M
Lead Pipes, Bends and Traps
Pipe Fittings, Bronze, 125 and 250 Lbs.
Cast
Solder-joint Fittings, Pressure, Wrought
Copper-copper and Copper AJloy
Solder-joint Fittings, Drainage, DWV
Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy
Unions, Brass or Bronze, 250 lbs.
Valves, Angle Check and Globe, Bronze,
125 lb. Screwed, Flanged or Solder None
None
None
None
CDA-409-80
None
None
None
None
None
B43-98
WW-P-351a-1963
None
B 16.24-1979
None
None
None
B 16.26-2002
None
None
None
B 16. 18-2001
None
WW-T-00725-1967 None
B 16.23-2002
None
(
None
None
None
B42-98
WW-P377d-1962
None
None
B 302-2002
WW-P-377d-1962
None
None
B306-99
None
None
None
B88-99.
WW-T-799d-1971
NSF61
None
None
WW-P-325a-1967
None
B16.15-1994
None
WW-P-460b-1967
None
B16.22-2001
None
WW-T-00725-1967 None
B 16.29-2002
None
None
None
None
None
WW-V-35a-1965
None
None
WW-V51d-l967 None
Non-Metallic Pipe and Fitiines
Clay Pipe, Perforated, Standard and Extra
Strength None *C700-2002 SS-P-361E None
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approvesd by ANSI
3/1 1/05
248 CMR -112
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
None
None
None
Concrete Low Head Pressure Pipe
Reinforced
Concrete Pipe, Perforated
Concrete Pipe (Sewer, Storm Drain and
Culvert) Non-reinforced
Concrete Pipe, Pressure, Reinforced
Concrete, Pretensioned Reinforcement None
(Steel Cylinder Type)
Concrete Pipe (Culvert, Storm Drain, and
Sewer) Reinforced
Acryloniirile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80
None
None
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR)
None
Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 40 None
Socket-type Acrylonitrile- Butadiene-
Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
.Schedule 80 None
Threaded Acrylonitriie-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 None
Acrylonilrile-Butadiene-Styr6ne(ABS)
Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe None
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Drain, Waste & Vent Pipe
Schedule 40 with Cellular Core None
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Sewer Pipe and fittings None
C361 -2003a
None .None
?C444-2003
None None
*C14-88
SS-P-371e-1968 None
None
SS-P-381A(1)-1989 AWWA
SS-P-381A(2)-1972 C303-37
C76-89
D 1527-99
*D2282-99
*D2468-96a
None
None
*D2661-2001
F628-200I
D2751-96a
SS-P-375d-]970 None
None NSFI
None
None
None
None
L-P-332B-1973
None
None
See ASTM D2774for
underground instal-
lation procedure
NSF14-2003
See ASTM D2774
for underground
installation procedure
NSFI 4-2003
NSF 14-2003
NSF 14-2003
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM. Appendix
XI for installation
procedures
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM Appendix
Al for installation
procedures
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2321 for
underground
installation procedures
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR -113
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Coniinued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic
Pipe and Fittings None
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,
Schedule 40 None
*D2235-2001 None
*D2 104-2001 None
NSF 14-2003
NSF- 14-2003
See ASTM D2774 for
underground
installation procedures
Non-Metallic Pipe and Fittings
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, Schedules
40 and 80 Based on Outside Diameter None
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SIDR-PR)
Based on Controlled Inside Diameter None
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic
Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic
Pipe and Tubing
Butt Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic
Fittings, Schedule 40
Butt Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene
Plastic Pipe
. Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing
Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Water
Distribution Systems
Metal Insert Fittings with Copper Crimp
Rings for use with PEX Tubing
Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX
Reinforcing Rings for use with PEX
Tubing
Cold-expansion Fittings with Metal
Compression Sleeves for use with PEX
Tubing
Stainless Steel Clamps for Securing SDR-
9 PEX Tubing to Metal Insert Fittings
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing
NOTE: Standards on materials do
service. Materials permitted for a
248 CMR.
D2447-2001 None NSFl 4-2003
See ASTM D274 for
.underground
installation procedure
*D2239-2001 L-P315c-I972 NSF 14-2003
L-P-3 1 5c2- 1 975 See ASTM D2774 for
underground
installation procedures
None
D326 1-2003
None
None
None
None
None
NSF 14-2003
None
None
None
NSF 14-2003
None
D2609-2000
L-F-00 1546- 1968
NSF 14-2003
None
F876-99
None
NSF 14/61
None
F877-99
None
NSF 14/61
None
Fl 807-97
None
NSF14/61
None
Fl 960-99
None
NSFl 4/61
None
F2080
None
NSF 14/61
None
F2098
None
NSF 14/61
None
D2737-2001
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2774 For
underground
installation procedures
not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/11/05
248 CMR -114
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution
System None
Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly Vinyl
Chloride (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings)
Schedule 40 None
Socket-Type Chlorinated Poly Vinyl
Chloride (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80 None
D2846-99 None
■F438-2001 None
F439-2001 None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM Appendix
X2 for Installation
procedures
NSF 14-2003
NSF 14-2003
Non-Metallic Pipe and Fittings .
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40, 80 and 120
None
Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with
?Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and
Fittings
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
(SDR-Series)
None
None
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Piastic Pipe (SDR-PR) None
Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 None
Coextruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe with a Cellular Core None
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings None
*D1785-99
D2855-96
D224 1-2000
F442-99
F441-99
F89 1-2000
F493-97
L-P-1035A-1974
None
None
None
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2774 for
underground instal-
lation procedures. See
ASTM D2855
Section 4.2.14
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2774 for
underground installa-
tion Procedures. See
Section 4.2.14
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2846
See ASTM
Appendixes XI, X2
X3 for Storage,
Joining and Instal-
lation Procedures.
NSF 14-2003
None
None
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR -115
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Socket-Type Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 None
Socket-Type Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Finings, Schedule 80 None
Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings None
Primers for Solvent Cement Joints (PVC) F656-96a
Threaded Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride
(CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule
80 None
Threaded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 None
Joints for IPS PVC Pipe Using Solvent
Cement None
*D2466-2001
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2855.
5ee Section 4.2.14
*D2467-99
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2855.
i'ee Section 4.2. 14
'D2564-96a
None
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2855
See Section 4.2.14
None
None
None
F437-99
None
NSF 14-2003
*D2464-99
None
NSF 14-2003
*D2672-96a
None-
NSF 14-2003
See ASTM D2774 for
underground installa-
tion Procedures
See ASTM D2855
5ee Section 4.2. 14
Non-Metallic Pipe and Fittings
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain
Waste And Vent Pipe and Fittings None
Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic
Fittings Patterns None
Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings None
Type PS-46 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and
Fittings None
Underground Installation of Flexible
Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe
None
*D2665-2000
L-P-320a-l966
NSF 14
D3311-94
None
None
D3034-2001
None
D2321-74e
See ASTM for under-
ground installation
procedures.
See ASTM D2855.
5ee Section 4.2.14
F789-95a
None
None
5ec ASTM D2855.
5e(? Section 4.2.14
D232 1-2000
None
None
. See ASTM D2855
5ee Section 4.2.14
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: ? A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/11/05
248 CMR- 116
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Drain None
Solvent Cements for Styrene-Rubber (SR)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings None
3.25-In. Outside Diameter Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste,
Vent Pipe and Fittings None
Thermoplastic Accessible & Replaceable
Plastic Tube & Tubular Fittings None
Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe
and Fittings None
Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and
Fittings None
*D2852-2002 None
See ASTM D2321 for
Pipe and Fittings
underground installa-
tion procedures
*D3 122-95
None
None
D2949-2000a
None
NSF14
F409-99a
None
None
D2729-96a
None
None
F405-98
None
None
Pipe Jointing Materials and Gaskets, and Supports
Caulking, Lead Wool and Lead Pig
Compression Joints and Vitrified None
Clay Bell and Spigot Pipe None
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using
Flexible Elastomeric Seals None
Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals None
Fixture Setting Compound None
None
QQ-C-4G(2)1970
None
*C425-2002
None
None
*D3 139-98
None
None
*D3212-96a
None
None
None
Tr-P-00i536
(1968) Revision of
HHC536a-l954
None
Pipe Jointing Materials and Gaskets, and Supports
Non-Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges None
None
None
ASMEB 16.21-92
Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for Hub Spigot
Cast Iron Soil-Pipe and Fittings None
Pipe Hangers and Supports None
Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil-Pipe
and Fittings None
Rubber Gasket Joints for Cast Iron
Pressure Pipe and Fittings A2 1 . 1 1 -2000
Rubber Gaskets, Molded or Extruded, for
Concrete Non Pressure Sewer Pipe None
Rubber Gaskets, Sheet None
Sealing Compound, Preformed Plastic, for
Expansion Joints and Pipe Joints None
Sealing Compound, Sewer, Bituminous,
Two-Component, Mineral-Filled Cold
Applied None
C564-97
None
C564-97
None
*C443-200I
D- 1330-2002
None
None
None
WW-H-171d-1970
None
None
HH-G-160B-1968
None
None
*MSS-SP-58-83
None
*AWWAClll-'2000
None
None
SS-S-00210:(1965) None
SS-S- 168(2) 1962 None
NOTE; Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/11/05
248 CMR -117
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Plumbing Appliances
Dishwashing Machines, Household None
Drinking Water Coolers, self-Contained,
Mechanical Refrigerated None
Food Waste Disposer Units, Household None
Home Laundry Equipment
None
**Water Heaters, Automatic Storage Type Z2 1.1 0.1 a- 1998
**Water Heaters, Circulating Tank . Z21.l0.3a-1998
** Water Heater, Electric storage Tank None
**Water Heater, Oil Fired Storage Type None
**Water Heater, Side Arm Type Z21. 10. 1-1998
None
None
*UL 749-1997
ASSE-1006-1989
None
None
*UL399-2002
*YK439-78
None
QQ-G-001513-
*YK439-78
1968
ASSE 1008-1989
None
None
*UL 560-1986
ASSE 1007-1992
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
W-H-196j0)1971
*UL 174-1996
None
None
*UL 732-1997
None
None
None
Plumbing Fixtures and Appurtenances
Accessories (Land Use)
None
None
An2.19.1M.1999 None
Zl 24. 1.1 995
AI12.18.1M-2003 None
Bathtubs
Plastic
Fittings, Plumbing fixtures
Hand Held Showers, Performance
Requirements None None
Hydraulic Requirements for Water Closet
and Urinals A112-19.6-1995 None
Individual Shower Control Valves, Anti-
Scald Type None None
Lavatories None None
Lavatory, Cultured Marble Z124.3-1995 None
Lavatories, Plastic Z124.3-1995 None
Plumbing Fixtures, General Specification None ? None
Plumbing Fixtures, Enameled Cast Iron Al 12. 19.1 M- 1999 None
With Supplement 1-1998 and Supplement 2 - 2000
Plumbing Fixtures, Stainless Steel
Al 12.19.32000 None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
*ASSE 1014-1990
None
*ASSE 1016-1996
None
CMI LS-2
None
With Supplement 1
2002
Plumbing Fixtures, Vitreous China Al 12.19.2-1998 None
With Supplement 1 - 2002
Plumbing Fixtures, Enameled Steel A112.19.4M-1994 None None
With Supplement 1 -1999 and Supplement 2 2000
Pressurized Hushing Devices Plumbing
Fixtures (Flushometers) None None None ASSE 1037-1990
Shower Baths and Heads and Water
Control Valves Al 12,18.12003 None None
NOTE; Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
** All Water Heaters must comply with M.G.L. c. 142
3/11/05
248 CMR -118
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Plastic Shower Receptors and Shower
Stalls
Sinks, Kitchen and Service, and Laundry
? Tub
Supports for off-the-floor Plumbing
Fixtures for Public Use
Thermostatic Mixing Valves, Self-
Actuated for Primary Domestic Use
Urinals
Toilets (Vitreous China Plumbing
Fixtures) (1.6 GPF Max.)
Plastic Toilet Bowls & Tanks (1.6 GPF
Max.)
Whirlpool Bathtub Appliances Suction
Fittings for use in Whirlpool
Bathtub Appliances
Z124.2-1995 None None
A112. 19.2 2002 None None
Al 12.19.3--2000 With Supplement 1-2002
None
A 112.6.1-2002
None
None
None
None
None
None
*ASSE 1017-2003
None
None
All 2. 19.2 2003
Al 12.19.2 2003
None
None
Zl 24.4- 1996
None
None
None
Al 12.19.7-1995
None
None
None
A112.19.8-1996
None
None
None
Backflow Preventers
Air Gap S tandards A 11 2. 1 .2-2002
Air Gap Drains for Domestic Dishwashers None
Vacuum Breakers, Anti-Siphon None
Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection None
Double Check with Intermediate
Atrriospheric Vent None
Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
Preventer None
Double Check Valve, Back Pressure,
Backflow Assembly None
Wall Hydrants, Freezeless, Automatic
Draining, Anti-Backflow Type None
Vacuum Breakers, Pressure Type None
Diverters for Plumbing Faucets with Hose
Spray Anti-Siphon Type, Residential
Application None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
ASSE 1021-2002
ASSE 1001-2002
*ASSE 1011-1993
ASSE 1012-2002
ASSE 1013-1999
ASSE 1015-1999
*ASSE 1019-1999
ASSE 1020-1994
ASMEAH2.18,1-
2003
Miscellaneous and Installation Standards
Arrestors, Water Haiiuner None
Toilet, Flush Tank, Fill Valves (Ballcocks) None
Enamel, Coal-Tar (Protective Coating) None
Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting
for Concealed Water Containment
Membrane
None
None
None
None
D4068-2001
None
None
Norie
ASSE 1010-1982
*ASSE 1002-1999
*AWWAC203-91a
*A WW A C2 10-2003
None
NOTE: Standards on ntaterials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/11/05
248 CMR -119
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
ASTM
FS
OTHER
Clamps, hose
None
None
WW-C-440B(a)-
1969
None
Coating, Pipe, Epoxy, Fusion Bond
None
None
None
* AWW A C2 13-2001
Coating, Pipe, Tiiermoplastic Resin or
Thermosening, Epoxy
None
None
L-C-530B-1970
None
Connector, Water, Flexible Copper
None
None
None
lAPMO PS- 14-99
Copper, Sheet and Strip for Building
Construction
None
B370-98
None
None
Clay Pipe, Installation
None
*C1 2-2003
None
None
Clay Pipe, Testing
None
*C301-98-
None
None
Cross-linked Polyethylene tubing
None
None
None
NSF 14 and 61
Drain, Floor
Al 12.6.3-2001
None
None
None
Drain for Prefabricated and Precast
Showers
None
None
None
L^PMO PS-4-2000
Drain, Roof
A 11 2.6.4-2003
None
None
None
Flux
None
B8l3-2000el
None
None
Lead, Sheet, Grade A
None
None
QQ-L-201f(2)1970
None
Plugs, Metallic Cleanout
A1I2.36.2-2002
None
None
None
Relief Valves
Z2I.22-1999
None
None
None
Recommended Practice for Making
Solvent Cemented Joints with Polyvinyl
Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Finings None
?D2855-96
None
None
■Reducing Valves, Water Pressure for
None
None
None
ASSE 1003-2002
Safe Handling of Solvent Cements Used
for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and
Fittings Solder, Soft
None
F402-99
None
None
Shower Pan Liner
A] 18.10-93
None
None
None
Tape, Pipe Coating, Pressure Sensitive
Polyethylene
None
None
L-T-0075(l)-1966
None
Tee, Diversion and Twin Waste Elbow
None
None
None
L\PMO PS-9-84
Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable
Plastic Tube and Tubular Finings
None
*F409-200.
None
NSF 14-2003
Underground Installation of Flexible
Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe
None
*D232 1-2000
None
None
Underground Installation of
Thermoplastic Pressure Piping
None
*D2774-2001
None
None
Trap Seal Primer Valves, Water
Distribution Type
None
None
None
ASSE 1018-2001
Drainage Type
None
None
None
ASSE 1044-2001
Valve, Backwater
A112.I4.1-1975
None
None
lAPMO PS-8-77
Valve, Drain, Water eater
None
None
None
ASSE 1005-1999
Water Treatment Devices
Activated Carbon Filter
None
None
None
WQAS200-2000
NSF 42-2002
NSF 53-2002
NOTE: Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for a specific
service. Materids permitted for a specific service shall be specified under the various sections of
248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 120
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
TABLE 1 (Continued)
STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT- APPROVED PLUMBING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Description
ANSI
Reverse Osmosis
Distiller
Water Filter
Water Softener
Water Vending Machine
None
None
None
None
None
ASTM
FS
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
OTHER
WQA S300-2000
NSF 58-2002
WQA S400-2000
NSF 42-2002
NSF 53-2002
WQA S200-2000
NSF 42-2002
NSF 53-2002
WQA SI 00-2000
NSF 44-2002
NAMA Section
900-2001
NOTE:. Standards on materials do not imply that these materials may be used for
a specific service. Materials permitted for a specific service shall be specified
under the various sections of 248 CMR.
NOTE: * A standard also listed or approved by ANSI.
?
(d) Identification . Materials shall be identified as provided in the standard to which they
conform.
(2) Allowable Materials .
(a) When installing fittings or piping for renovations or alterations within an existing soil
stack, waste stack, vent stack or drain, the fitting or piping shall be of the same material as
the existing stack or drain and be compliant with a joining method outlined in 248 CMR
10.07. Exception : In new residential construction cast iron pipe may be used exclusively
with PVC for sound reduction.
(b) Sheet Lead , shall meet the following requirements:
1. For a safe pan the sheet lead shall not be less than four pounds per square foot.
2. For vent terminal flashing the sheet lead shall not be less than three pounds per
square foot.
3. For bends or traps the sheet lead shall not have less than an Va inch wall thickness.
(c) Sheet Copper . Sheet copper shall not be less than 12 ounces per square foot when used
in the following applications:
1 . safe pan;
2. shower pan;
3. flush tank linings;
4. vent terminal flashing; or
5. general use.
(d) Floor Flanges . A floor flange used for a toilet or other similar fixture shall conform to
the foUowing requirements.
1 . If the flange is composed of brass, the flange shall have a minimum thickness of Va
inch.
2. If the flange is composed of cast iron the flange shall have a minimum thickness of
Va inch, and the minimum caulking depth shall be two inches.
3. If the flange is composed of hard lead, it shall weigh at least one pound nine ounces
and be composed of lead alloy with not less than 7.75% antimony by weight.
4. Copper and plastic flanges may be used.
5. A plastic flange must meet current NSF Standards and shall be of the same material
to which it connects.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 121
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
6. A flange shall be secured to the finished floor on which it sets by screwing or bolting
and shall be connected to the specific piping by soldering, caulking or solvent welding
as provided for in 248 CMR 10.07.
(e) Cleanouts . Cleanout plugs shall meet the following requirements.
1 . Shall be composed of brass or plastic.
2. Shall meet the latest Standards.
3. Shall have raised or countersunk square or hexagon heads.
4. If a tripping hazard may exist, only a countersunk head shall be used.
5. A plastic cleanout plug shall be of the same material to which it connects.
(f) Building Drains flnside Building) . When the Sanitary Drain or Storm Drain is installed
in a trench excavated to a uniform width and level and the trench will also encompasses the
water service pipe, the drain piping shall be bell and spigot cast iron tarred soil pipe with lead
and oakum joints.
(g) Storm and Sanitai^ Below Ground . The followmg materials may be used for storm and
sanitary piping that is located below ground level, except for materials .that are to .be used for
Special Hazardous Wastes (for Special Hazardous Wastes, See 248 CMR 10.13).
1. Extra heavy cast iron soil pipe and fittings, coated tar or asphaltum may be used
provided that the joints are made with packed oakum and molten lead or resilient gaskets.
2. Ii'on size brass or copper pipe with cast brass drainage fittings.
3. Hai'd drawn type K or L copper tubing, with cast brass drainage pattern fittings.
4. Copper alloy tubing "Heavy" weight conforming to ASTM Standard, color coded
aqua and incised marked as "Heavy" with cast brass drainage pattern fittings.
5. Grade H or SL copper coated stainless steel tubing conforming to ASTM Standard,
made of Type 430 or Type 439 stainless steel, marked in conformance with 248 CMR
10.06(2)(q); provided that the fittings are cast in the brass drainage pattern.
6. ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) Schedule 40 pipe and fittings as specified
under 248 CMR 10.06(2)(p).
7. PVC (Polyvinyl-Chloride) Schedule 40 pipe and fittings as specified under 248 CMR
10.06(2)(o).
8. Epoxy re-enforced fiberglass piping system may be used only for storm water
drainage.
9. Service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings provided that the tarred or plain joints
are made with packed oakum and molten lead or resilient gaskets.
10. Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings .
a. Hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings may be used if:
i. they are manufactured in accordance with CISPI Standard 301-75; and
ii. the following test requirements are satisfied:
(i) Every manufacturer shall perform the pressure and leak test as required
under 248 CMR 10.06(2)(v).
(ii) Deflection Test . A test deflecting the free end of a ten-foot length of
hubless cast iron soil pipe joined together with a coupling to a secured length
of pipe. The test assembly shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic
pressure of ten P.S.I.G and a minimum deflection of one-inch per lineal foot
and shall show no visible signs of leakage.
(iii) Shear Test . The shear test requires the application of a uniformly
distributed force or weight of 50 pounds-per-inch of nominal diameter of the
pipe over an arc of 120°, along a longitudinal distance of 12 inches of the
unsupported end of the two coupled lengths of pipe immediately adjacent to
the assembled joint. The opposite end of the test assembly shall be rigidly
secured and the entire unit shall be under an internal hydrostatic pressure of
ten P.S.I.G. and shall show no visible signs of leakage,
(iv) All tests shall be performed in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and
certified as per 248 CMR 10.06(2)(v)5.
b. Installations . Installations of hubless systems underground shall conform to
248 CMR 10.05(l)and (2)(a) through (d) and 10.06(l)(b).
c. Trenching. Tunneling and Backfilling . Trenching, tunneling and backfilling
procedures for hubless systems underground shall conform to 248 CMR 10.05(5)(a)
through (d) and 10,06(2)(g)10.d.
3/11/05 248 CMR -122
?
10.06: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
d. Hangers and Supports for hubless cast iron soil piping shall conform to the
following requirements.
i. General piping shall be installed with provisions for expansion, contraction
or structural settlement.
ii. Material Hangers, anchors and supports shall be composed of metal having
sufficient strength to support the piping and its contents, except that piers may be
composed of concrete or brick.
iii. Attachments to Buildings or Structures . Hubless cast iron soil pipe shall be
supported in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations or as outlined
in the most recent edition of the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI) Handbook.
iv. Base of Stacks . Bases of stacks shall be supported on concrete, brick laid in
cement mortar or metal brackets attached to the building or stiucture.
V. Hubless Fittings .
(i) There shall be a hanger installed at each change of direction.
(ii) When joining three or more fittings, there shall be a minimum of one
hanger for every three-feet or part thereof,
vi. Backfilling . The on-site Ucensed plumber or the holder of the pennit for the
underground hubless cast iron soil piping system shall notify the Inspector when
the installation is to be backfilled. A licensed plumber shall be present during the
backfilling procedure including when ail concrete slabs are being poured. This
notification provision shall not be subject to the 48 hour notice requirement of
248 CMR 3.05(3)(b).
11. Ductile pipe and approved compatible drainage fittings.
12. For Limited Use Only: Schedule 40 PVC, See 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o).
3/11/05 248 CMR -123
n
to
SHEAR TEST
paii9>j?( ??
no^^^:
PROCEDURE: A force of 50 pounds per inch of nominal
diameter of pipe per 12 inch longitudinal distance was
applied over an arc of 120° and along the longitudinal
dimension of the unsupported end of the two coupled
lengths of pipe. The other end of the test assembly was
rigidly secured. A Unite-O-Matic Universal Tester, with a
load cell and a recorder, was used to apply the load. The
load was held for one hour, the test assembly was
subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of /tf PSI
during the lest. The maximum deflection of the coupling
joining the two pieces of pipe was also noted.
RESULTS:
1 W coupling
'2" coupling
3" coupling
4" coupling
5" coupling
6" coupling
8" coupling
10" coupling
Maximum
Coupling
Deflection
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
no leakage
DEFLECTION TEST
f I* f D PI"!
count, ?6 .icTIOH
f -^"ctii f I. OP r\n
PROCEDURE; the free end of the {o^. length of pipe was
deflected /" p6r foot of pipe length, while the length
of pipe, on the other side of the coupling, was secured.
The test assembly was subjected to an internal hydro-
static pressure of i PPSI during the test.
RESULTS:
1 Vi" coupling
2" coupling
3" coupling
4" coupling
5" coupling
?6" coupling
8" coupling
10" coupling
no leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
no, leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
no leakage was noted
r
o
b
0\
n
o
C/3 CTl
q X
H >
si
tn
CO
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
?
10.06: continued
(h) Storm and Sanitary Above Ground . The following materials may be used for storm and
sanitary piping that is located above ground level, except the following materials shall not
be to be used for Special Hazardous Wastes (for Special Hazardous Wastes, See 248 CMR
10.13).
1. Extra heavy cast iron soil pipe and fittings, tarred or plain provided that joints are
made with packed oakum and molten lead or resilient gaskets.
2. Service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings provided that tarred or plain joints are
made with packed oakum and molten lead or resilient gaskets.
3. Hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings that are manufactured in accordance with
CISPI Standard 301-75, and joined with a product approved clamp.
4. Iron size brass or copper pipe with cast brass drainage fittings.
5. Hard drawn Type K, L, M or DWV copper tubing having cast brass or wrought
copper drainage pattern fittings;
6. Copper alloy tubing "Heavy" and "Standard" weights conforming to ASTM Standard,
color coded aqua and incised marked as either "Heavy" or "Standard" having cast brass
or wrought copper drainage pattem fitting.
7. Grades H, G, SL or SM copper coated stainless steel tubing conforming to ASTM
Standard, manufacmred of Type 430 or Type 439 stainless steel that are plainly marked
in conformance with 248 CMR 1 0.06(2)(q) and provided that the relevant fittings are cast
in a brass or wrought copper drainage pattem.
8. Schedule 40 galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe provided that for sizes
greater than two inches it has a plain or galvanized drainage pattem fittings.
9. Schedule 40 galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe for cases when pipe
and fittings are end grooved and are to be joined with an approved split and bolted
galvanized steel coupling with gasket;
10. Groove type couplings and fittings for applications that join storm water piping.
1 1 . ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) Schedule 40 pipe and fittings as specified
under 248 CMR 10.06(2)(p).
12. PVC (Polyvinyl-Chloride) Schedule 40 pipe and fittings as specified under
248 CMR 10.06(2)(o).
13. For Storm Water Drainage Only . Approved epoxy re-enforced fiberglass piping
system.
14. Aluminum DWV pipe with pipe end cap protectors manufactured and installed with
hubless cast iron fittings manufactured according to CISPI Standard 301 and joined with
a Product-approved stainless steel no hub pipe clamp and elastomeric sealing sleeve.
15. Ductile pipe and approved compatible drainage fittings.
(i) Vent Pipe and Fittings Below Ground . All materials listed under 248 CMR
10.06(2)(g)l. through 10.06(2)(g)ll may be used.
(j) Vent Pipe aqd Fittings Above Ground . For vent pipe and fitting above ground the
following materials may be used.
1. All materials listed under 248 CMR 10.06(2)(h)L through 10.06(2)(h)15.
2. Galvanized wrought or galvanized steel pipe not lighter than schedule 40, with cast
iron or malleable iron screw or grooved end fittings, plain or galvanized.
(k) Water Service Piping (Outside Building) . The materials used shall be those specified
by the local municipality.
(1) Water Distribution Piping Below Ground Tlnside Building\ For water distribution piping
that is installed inside a building and below ground, only the following materials may be
used.
1. Type K or L tubing incised marked with cast brass fittings.
2. Copper alloy tubing "Heavy" weight conforming to ASTM Standard, color coded
aqua and incised marked as "Heavy" with cast brass fittings.
3. Copper core pre-insulated cement pressure pipe that is PVC coated.
4. Any pipe, valve, pipe fitting, aerator, or faucet used in a potable water system shall
comply with all applicable NSF-61 Standards.
5. Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) tubing and fittings installed in accordance with
248 CMR 10.06 and 248 CMR 10.08.
10/5/07 (Effective 6/26/07) 248 CMR -125
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
(m) Water Distribution Piping Above Ground CInside Building) . For water distribution
piping that is installed inside a building and above ground, only the following materials niay
be used:
1 . Iron size brass or copper pipe with cast brass fittings.
2. Type K or L hard drawn copper tubing that is incised marked and has cast brass or
wrought copper fittings.
3. Copper alloy tubing "Heavy" and "Standard" weight incised marked, color coded
aqua, conforming to ASTM Standard and having cast brass or wrought copper fittings,
4. Exposed galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe and galvanized fittings
only when used for replacement in existing buildings or structures or when used for
replacement of large size water mains.
5. CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe and fittings may be used in the
following situations provided that none of this material is located within 24 inches of any
connection to a hot water tank as defined in M.G.L. c. 142, § 17:
a. for hot and cold water distribution that is located only in the dwelling portion of
a residential dwelling, multiple family dwelling, hotel, motel, inn, condominium and
similar building six stories or 60 feet in height; or
b. for the exclusive cold water supply distribution beginning at the outlet of the
water meter (or the control valve inside a building) directly dedicated to a drinking
water fountain(s) in state licensed or accredited school buildings only.
6. Mechanically grooved pipe couplings and fittings when the following requirements
are satisfied.
a. The couplings and fittings are used with exposed galvanized wrought iron pipe
or exposed galvanized steel pipe on water supply distribution systems provided that
the water supply systems operating condition temperature will not exceed 130°R
b. The coupling housings and fittings are cast of malleable galvanized iron as
described in ASTM A-47 or all products that meet the requirements of ASTM A-269.
c. The elastomeric gasket for the coupling has properties as designated by ASTM
D-2000.
7. Cross-linked Polvethvlene (PEX) Tubing and Fittings .
a. PEX may be used for residential dwellings/ buildings if the installation conforms
to the following requirements:
i. The PEX tubing is used for hot and cold water distribution in residential
dwelling/buildings up to and including three stories in height.
ii. PEX tubing shall not be installed closer than 24-inches to any connection to
a direct-fired water heater, tankless type hot water coil or heating boiler.
iii. Mechanical compression type fittings shall not be concealed and must be
accessible.
iv. Fittings meet one of the ASTM, (standards for the fittings) listed in
248 CMR 10.06: Table 1 unless otherwise Product-approved by the Board as
provided for under 248 CMR. 3.04.
v. PEX tubing and fittings shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations and meet the U.L. flame spread requirements
for return air plenums in commercial buildings in accordance with
780 CMR: The Massachusetts State Building Code.
b. PEX tubing and fittings shall be used in commercial buildings if the installation
conforms to the following requirements:
i. PEX tubing is used in a commercial building for the purpose of conveying
reverse osmosis or other similar technology processes that produce ("purified
water" 248 CMR 10.03), from the point of treatment to a point or multiple points
of use for drinking water.
ii, PEX tubing shall be installed at a point which, begins on the outlet side of a
Product- Approved reverse osmosis, ("purified water") drinking water device and
terminates at a point or multiple points of use e.g. Produpt-approved dispensers
and faucets.
3/11/05 248 CMR -126
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
iii. PEX tubing and fittings are not to be used for steam flushing of water
purification systems. Only type 316 stainless steel tube and fittings shall be used
for this purpose.
8. Polybutylene or polyethylene tanks when used for Storage Heaters and when the
tanks have been reinforced with a Product- Approved material.
9. 316 stainless steel tanks when used for storage heaters.
10. Polybutylene, polyethylene, natural polypropylene. Type 1 Grade I polyvinyl
chloride meeting ASTM standard D 1784 and D 1785, schedule 40 or 80 and cross-
linked polyethylene shall be used for the purpose of conveying reverse osmosis purified
water from a point of purification to a final point of use.
1 1 . The use of a Product- Approved polypropylene homopolymer drain tube assembly
that is designed to be vertically mounted in the downtumed outlet of a horizontally
mounted relief valve provided that the capacity of the relief valve served by the approved
drain assembly does not exceed 100,000 BTU per hour.
12. Any pipe, valve, pipe fitting, aerator, or faucet used in a potable water system shall
comply with all applicable NSF-61 standards.
(n) Pipe. Fittings and Gaskets . Resilient gaskets specified for use with cast iron soil pipe
shall be marked as follows.
1. The exposed lip shall be marked clearly and legibly to include:
a. Manufacturer's name and/or registered trade-mark;
b. Neoprene;
c. Date of manufacture; and
d. ASTM standard.
2. Gaskets for service weight cast iron soil pipe shall bear the letters "SV" on the
exposed lip.
3. Gaskets for extra heavy cast iron soil pipe shall bear the letters "XH" on the exposed
lip.
(o) PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings . The following requirements apply to PVC plastic pipe
and fittings.
1. PVC shall not be used for drains, waste or vents in commercial kitchens, laundry
rooms, public toilet facilities or other commercial areas located in assisted living
facilities, hotels, motels, inns or similar establishments, except where provided for
elsewhere in 248 CMR 10.06, Le. 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o)2.
2. PVC, Schedule 40 Pipe and Fittings, may be used for the drains, waste and vent
piping that serve the sanitary or storm drainage systems in the following buildings:
a. residential dwellings;
b. assisted living facilities;
c. hotels;
d. motels;
e. inns;
f. condominiums; and
g. other residential buildings that are similar to 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o)2.a. through
10.06(2)(o)2,f, and that are no greater than ten stories in height.
3. Limited use of PVC for Commercial Buildings . PVC pipe and fittings may be
installed for limited purposes in commercial buildings or establishments, provided that
the following requirements are satisfied.
a. PVC is used for the drains, waste, or vents when the piping serves only the
fixtures that are necessary to accommodate waste generated as a direct result of the
conduct of business that is particular to the type of commercial establishment
itemized in 10.06(o)(3)b.
b. PVC Schedule 40 may by used in the following buildings:
i. beauty salons;
ii. barbershops;
iii. manicure salons;
iv. pedicure salons;
V. photo-labs; and
10/5/07 (Effective 6/26/07) 248 CMR -127
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
vi. in commercial buildings that incorporate patron areas for tlie purpose of
serving alcohol, soda or other similar carbonated type beverages where the
carbonated liquid waste shall drain directly into a floor sink or floor drain,
c. The PVC Schedule 40 shall be installed in compliance with the following:
i. No PVC schedule 40 pipe and fittings may be used for the toilet fixtures and
other plumbing connections in the building.
ii. The piping shall be connected to a main drain or branch drain from other
fixtures to provide a point of waste dilution.
iii. A label shall be affixed at the point of dilution that reads "Limited Use
Waste Drain" in one inch high lettering shall identify the piping,
iv. The vent piping from the fixture discharging the waste shall extend to a point
six inches above the flood rim of the fixture and then shall re-transition to cast
iron or copper piping material as used throughout the rest of the commercial
building.
4. Use of PVC Schedule 40 for Dial vsis Equipment . Type 1 PVC pipe and fittings may
be used as indirect waste piping for dialysis equipment in medical buildings,
5. PVC Schedule 40 perforated pipe may be used for subsoil drainage in commercial
buildings.
6. Pipe and Fittings shall be manufactured from Type I, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
materials having a deflection temperature of 169°F under a load of 264 P.S.I.G. when
tested in accordance with ASTM D-648.
7. PVC materials shall be classified as self-extinguishing when tested in accordance
with ASTM D-635 and have aflamespread rating of 0-25 when tested in accordance with
ASTM E-84.
8. PVC materials shall meet the requirements of ASTM, CS, and/or NSF Standards.
9. At the request of the Board, the manufacturer of PVC pipe shall submit to the Board
the results of tests conducted by an Approved-testing-lab in compliance with 248 CMR
3.00.
10. Identification of PVC Pipe .
a. The pipe shall be in a light color such as beige, buff, grey, white, cream, and shall
be marked in accordance with listed standards.
b. The following Listed Standards shall appear on opposite sides of the pipe:
Schedule 40, "Size", PVC, DWV-NSF stamp of approval, manufacturer's name and
registered trademark. Type and Grade.
11. Pipe and Fittings .
a. Identification of Fittings . Fittings shall be in light color as for pipe and shall bear
the following markings by molding on the body or hub:
i. Manufacturer's name or registered trademai'k;
ii. NSF-DWV stamp of approval;
iii. PVCl;and
iv, Size.
b. Use PVC fittings ONLY with PVC pipe and ABS fittings ONLY with ABS.
NEVER use PVC solvent weld on ABS pipe or ABS solvent weld on PVC pipe.
12. Transition Fittings . Fittings used to connect PVC to other Product-approved
materials shall meet the proper standard and comply with the requirements of 248 CMR
3.04:
13. Installation . The following installation requirements and procedures shall be
followed when assembling PVC and ABS piping materials.
a. Solvent Welded Joint .
i. Clean joining surfaces of pipe and fitting with PVC primer.
ii. With a natural bristle brush one inch or larger, apply a heavy coat of solvent
cement to the pipe joining surface and then a light coat to the socket joining
surface.
iii. Immediately insert the pipe to the full socket depth while rotating the pipe
fitting Va turn to insure even distribution of solvent cement.
iv. Wipe excess solvent cement from the outside of the pipe at the shoulder of
the fitting.
3/11/05 248 CMR -128
10.06: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
V. Do not tum pipe spigot in the socket while wiping.
vi. If a fillet or bead of solvent cement is not visible after a joint is assembled,
a heavier coat of solvent cement should be used on the pipe spigot.
vii. The assembly can be handled with care within two minutes.
vii. Do not attempt to adjust the joint after the solvent cement has set or damage
will result.
ix. Pipe and fittings conforming to these standards will normally have an
interference fit, which maintains pressure between the joining s\irfaces during the
solvent cementing process. Fittings that do not have an interference fit shall have
not more than 0.009 inch clearance to produce strong watertight joints.
X. (NOTE — CAUTION!) When using primers and solvents for plastics,
plumbers and apprentices shall always follow directions carefully and be in a well
veniilated ai'ea.
xi. The solvent cement shall conform lo the requirements of ASTM D2564-67
or CS 272-65 latest issue. The cleaner is a solvent that has a limited effect on
PVC but will remove dirt and grease. The solvent cement shall be labeled with
the NSF Seal of Approval.
b. Threaded Joints fl.P.S.") . When threads are required or used for connecting
PVC-DWV pipe to other materials:
i. do not thread the pipe use proper PVC male or female threaded adapters for
transitioning;
ii. note that threaded joints in a PVC-DWV system are primarily used for trap
connections and clean out plugs.
14. Supports .
a. Conventional pipe clamps, brackets or strapping that have a bearing width of %
inch or more are suitable supports.
b. Supports for horizontal runs of pipe IVi inches or less in diameter shall be at
three-foot centers as a maximum.
c. Supports for larger diameters shall have a maximum spacing at four-foot centers.
d. Trap arms shall be supported at the trap discharge.
e. Vertical pipes shall be supported at each story height but not more than ten-foot
intervals and elsewhere as required to maintain alignment.
f. All supports shall permit expansion and contraction of the pipe without binding.
g. Horizontal piping shall be supported at each change of direction.
15. Thermal Expansion .
a. Thermal expansion of PVC pipe occurs at the rate of approximately % inch per
ten feet length per 100°F temperature change.
b. In a PVC-DWV system an expansion allowance of Vi inch per ten feet length of
pipe is required.
c. Expansion fittings utilize a rubber o-ring that shall be lubricated with grease,
petroleum jelly or other water-resistant grease to facilitate assembly.
d. Protect the operating end of the expansion fitting from grime.
e. Expansion joints shall be provided at every other branch interval up to and
including ten stories in height.
f. The expansion fitting shall be installed in a accessible location in horizontal runs
exceeding 20 feet in length.
g. Expansion joints shall not be required underground.
h. Expansion fittings shall be installed as designed in proper alignment with the
piping being sei"ved.
i. The expansion joint shall be set for the maximum expansion or contraction rate
based on the installation temperature and manufacturer's recommendations.
16. Roof Flashing . The piping that penetrates through the roof shall be made
weather tight with an approved flashing.
17. Lead Joints .
a. The piping shall be connected to cast iron soil pipe hubs using oakum and no
less than one-inch of molten lead.
3/11/05 248 CMR -129
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.06: continued
b. Caulk the joint along the inside and outside edges after it has cooled for four
- minutes.
18. Sleeving .
a. The piping that penetrates concrete floors slabs or concrete walls shall be
provided with sleeves. Maintain an annular space of one-inch between the pipe
and sleeve.
b. Pipes that penetrate concrete slabs placed on grade shall also provide a sleeve.
Maintain an annular space of one-inch between the pipe and sleeve.
19. Piping Trench Installations .
a. Prepare a smooth, uniformly compacted trench bottom using sand. Place the
pipe in uniform alignment and grade with a continuous bearing on the bottom
quadrant of the pipe along its entire length.
b. Using sand or other fine granular material, compact and backfill around the
pipe to a point at least six-inches over the crown of the pipe.
c. Do not allow large stones or pieces of earth to be dropped into the trench
when completing the backfilling process.
d. The requirements of the above four sentences shall be the responsibility of the
on-site licensed plumber.
20. Installation Through Fire-walls or Rated Fire Separation Walls .
a. When piping passes through a rated fire separation wall or enclosure to
another dwelling unit or space, the pipe shall be encased or shielded by a metal
sleeve extended 20 inches on each side of the wall, floor or ceiling. The metal
sleeve shall be 18 gauge (.040 in.) or heavier.
b. The annular space between the metal sleeve and the piping shall be sealed
with approved non-combustible fire retardant material installed in accordance
with 780 CMR: The Massachusetts State Building Code.
c. Alternate procedures and devices for fire-stopping may be used if installed in
accordance with 780 CMR: The Massachusetts State Building Code.
d. The piping connections that penetrate fire-walls and ceilings in one and two
family passenger car garages located beneath dwelling units are exempt and are
not required to be encased.
e. The pipe penetrations should be sufficiently sealed by means of caulking or
other approved materials to prevent the passage of smoke from space to space.
(p) ABS Plastic Pipe and Fittings . The following requirements apply to ABS plastic pipe
and fittings:
1 . ABS shall not be used for drains, waste, or vents in the commercial kitchens, laundry
rooms, public restrooms or other commercial areas located in assisted living facilities,
hotels, motels, inns and similar establishments except where provided for elsewhere in
248 CMR 10.06, i.e. 248 CMR 10.06(2){p).
2. ABS -DWV (Acrylonitrile -Butadiene - Styrene) Schedule 40 Pipe and Fittings, may
be used only for the drains, waste and vent piping that serve the sanitary or storm
drainage systems in the following buildings:
a. residential dwellings;
b. assisted living facilities:
c. hotels;
d. motels;
e. inns;
f. condominiums; and
g. other residential buildings that are similar to 248 CMR 10.06(2)(p)2.a. through
10.06(2)(p)2.f. and that are no greater than ten stories in height.
3. Limited use of ABS for Commercial Buildings : ABS pipe and fittings may be
installed for limited purposes in connmercial buildings or establishments, provided that
the following requirements are satisfied.
3/11/05 248 CMR -130
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
a. ABS is used for the drains, waste, or vents when the piping serves only the
fixtures that are necessary to accommodate waste generated as a direct result of the
conducts of business that is particular to the type of commercial establishment as
itemized in 10.06(2)(p)3.b.
b. ABS may be used in the following buildings:
i. beauty salons;
ii. barber shops;
iii. manicure salons;
iv. pedicure salons;
V. photo-labs; and
vi. in commercial buildings that incorporate patron areas for the purpose of
serving alcohol, soda or other similar carbonated type beverages where the
carbonated liquid waste shall drain directly into a floor sink or floor drain.
c. The ABS Schedule 40 shall be installed in compliance with the following:
i. No ABS schedule 40 pipe and fittings may be used for the toilet fixtures and
other plumbing connections in the establishment.
ii. The piping shall be connected to a main drain or drain from other fixtures to
provide a point of waste dilution.
iii. A label at the point of dilution that reads "Limited Use Waste Drain" in one
inch high lettering shall identify the piping.
iv. The vent piping from the fixture discharging limited use waste shall extend
to a point six inches above the flood rim of the fixture and then shall transition
back to compliant material in a commercial building.
4. Installation . ABS-DWV pipe and fittings shall be installed
a. using the same methods and requirements as stated in:
i. 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o)13.a.ii. through X.;
ii. 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o)12.; and
iii. 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o)14. through 18.
b. In addition, the following requirements shall be satisfied:
i. For solvent welded joints clean joining surfaces of pipe and fittings shall be
made with an ABS primer.
ii. Expansion joints are not required.
iii. An ABS solvent that is recommended by the manufacturer that meets the
required standard shall be used for solvent welding or cementing in connecting
the ABS materials.
iv. The solvent cement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D2564-67
or CS 272-65 latest issues. The cleaner is a solvent that has a limited effect on
ABS but will remove direct and grease. The solvent cement shall be labeled with
the NSF Seal or Approval.
5. Identification of Pipe and Fittings .
a. Identification of Pipe and Fittings . The pipe and fittings shall be black in color
and shall be marked in accordance with listed standard. The following markings
shall appear on two (opposite) sides of the pipe:
i. ABS-DWV Schedule 40 and the listed standard;
ii. NSF-DWV stamp of approval;
iii. Manufacturer's name and/or registered trademark;
iv Type;
v. Grade; and
vi. Size,
b. Use PVC fitting ONLY with PVC pipe and ABS fittings ONLY with ABS pipes.
NEVER use PVC Solvent weld on ABS or ABS solvent weld on PVC.
(q) Stainless Steel Tube Marking . Stainless steel tubing shall be in conformance with
ASTM designated standard, Type 430 or Type 439, and shall meet the following marking
requirements:
1 . Tubing Grade H or SL shall be color-coded blue.
2. Tubing Grade G or SM shall be color-coded red.
3 . Tubing shall be marked at intervals 'no greater than three feet in length in letters not
less than Vs inch in height, with the following:
3/11/05 248 CMR- 131
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
a. manufacturer's name or registered trademark; and
b. the ASTM designation nominal diameter and grade.
4. The name of the manufacturer shall be permanently incised in each tube at intervals
not greater than 1 8 inches in length,
(r) Urinal Wastes . Urinal waste branches and urinal fixture wastes shall conform to the
following:
1 . They shall be niade of
a. extra heavy or service weight cast iron soil pipe and fittings with caulked joints
b. threaded cast iron pipe with cast iron drainage fittings; or
c. iron size copper or brass pipe with cast brass drainage fittings.
2. Resilient gaskets and no hub clamps with elastomeric sealing sleeves shall not be
used when in direct contact with urinal wastes drains or branches until a intersecting
point of dilution with other fixtures in the drainage system is attained.
3. PVC and ABS schedule 40 plastic pipe and fittings may be used only in residential
type buildings. (Refer to 248 CMR 10.07(4)(f) for (alternative) schedule 80 nipple
requirements for cairiers.)
(s) Sumps and Tanks for Sewage . All sumps and tanks for receiving sewage removed by
mechanical or ejector methods, shall be constructed as follows:
1. Concrete . Three-inch minimum wall.
2. Cast Iron . Minimum V4 inch thickness.
3. Steel.
a. Minimum % inch thickness for above ground.
b. For below ground installation the sump or tank shall be encased in concrete
having a thickness of at least three-inches.
4. Fiberglass . Reinforced polyester resin glass fibers that comply with ANSI listed
standards.
(t) Single Stack Sanitary Drainage System-f "So- Vent") . An engineered single stack system
employing the use of aerator and de- aerator fittings, designed in compliarice with Cast Iron
Sovent Design Manual No. 802 and ANSI standard ASME/ANSI B 1 6.45-87 may be used in
buildings provided the following requirements are satisfied:
1 . Every such system shall be:
a. designed or engineered by a qualified person;
. b. plans of such system shall be approved by a Massachusetts registered professional
engineer; and
d. Special-Permission must be sought and granted by the Board pursuant to
248 CMR 3.04 before installation of such system.
2. Piping material shall be Type K, L, M, or DWV hard drawn copper tubing or cast
iron.
3. All fittings shall be made of cast brass or drawn wrought copper or cast iron and must
be of DWV design.
4. No part of a copper system shall receive the waste from urinals.
5. Any change or redesign in the So-Vent system shall be subject to the requirements
of 248 CMR 10.06(2)(t).
6. Every So-Vent system shall have at least one full size vent stack that meets the
following requirements:
a. The diameter of the full size vent stack is no smaller than three inches.
b. The vent stack shall run undiminished in size from the base of the soil or waste
stack to a point 18 to 24 inches above the roof or reconnect to a stack vent installed
in accordance with 248 CMR 10.16(4)(b).
(u) Alternate Materials. Methods, and Systems . The provisions of 248 CMR 10.06 are not
intended to prevent the use of materials, methods or systems that are not specifically
authorized or prescribed by 248 CMR 1 0.06, provided such alternate materials, methods and
systems meet the standards, use and intent of 248 CMR 10.06 and the Board has granted
Product-approval, a Variance, or a Test-site status pursuant to 248 CMR 3.00.
3/11/05 248 CMR -132
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
Figure 1
No-Hub Coupling Test Configuration Design
1.5' Length of 10'' No-Hub Pipe
: 2. 5' Length of 8" No-Hub Pipe
3. 10" X 8" No-Hub Reducer
4. 8" X 6" No-Hub Reducer
5. 6" X 5" No-Hub Wye
6. 6" X 4" No-Hub Wye
7. 5" X 4" No-Hub Reducer
8. 4" No-Hub 1/8 Bend
9. 4" No-Hub 1/8 Bend
10. 4" No-Hub End Cleanout
11, 4" No-Hub Long Sweep 1/4 bend
: 12. ^'^ NorHub Test Tee
:13./4''Nb-HubTestTee : "^
: 14. 6" X 4" No-Hub Reducer : ;
. 15. 1- 4" X 10' Length No-Hub Pipe
16. 1- 4" X 10' Length No-Hub Pipe
17. 4" X 3" No-Hub Upright Wye
18. 4" X 2" No-Hub Combinatio Wye and 1/8 Bend
19. 2" No-Hub 1/4 Bend
20. 3" X 10' Length No-Hub Pipe
21. 2" X 10' Length No-Hub Pipe . .
15
0-
15
15
12^-
^ : .li
20
^
16
L
~\
19
16^
^
(v) Pressure and Leak Test Procedure for Stainless Steel Couplings Used on Cast Iron
Hubless Soil Pipe . Every manufacturer shall perform the tests as outlined in 248 CMR
10.06(2)(v) for the purpose of determining liquid and/or gas leaks for pressures which may
exist in a sanitary and/or storm drainage system. The administration of the test shall meet the
following requirements:
3/11/05
248, CMR -133
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.06: continued
1 . The testing shall be performed by an Approved-testing-Iab pursuant to 248 CMR
3.04(4).
2. Testing shall be completed at the expense of the manufacturer who shall perform
such test.
3. The Approved-testing-Iab shall give at least two weeks advance notice to the Board
of the date scheduled for the test.
4. The test shall be conducted with:
a. hubless pipe and fittings manufactured in compliance with CISPI Standard
Specification 301 latest issue; and
b. joints that have been assembled in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and/or recommendations.
5. ' The test shall be for an eight-hour period of time, under a 30-foot hydrostatic head
of water and at 13-P.S.I.G. and shall show no visible signs of leakage.
6. The test assembly shall employ gauges at each end with means of expelling air and
the gauges shall be graduated so that, at maximum test, the indicator on the gauges shall
be approximately mid-point on said gauges.
7. The test results shall be certified by the Approved-testing-lab that conducted the
testing and. also by a Massachusetts registered professional engineer or a registered
. engineer having a reciprocal agreement with the Board of Professional Engineers for the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
8. The test assembly and configuration shall employ pipe and fittings listed and as
shown in 248 CMR 10.06, Figure 1 and shall be installed in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of 248 CMR 10.00.
9. AH repair and transition friction type couplings and clariips shall conform to the
requirements stated in 248 CMR 10.06(2)(v).
(w) Vacuum Drainage System . An engineered vacuum system that employs specifically
designed fixtures, piping arrangements and vacuum pumps that are designed and installed
in compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations may be used in a building or
structure provided that in addition to being in conformance with 248 CMR 1.00 through
10.00 the following requirements are satisfied:
1. Each system shall be designed or engineered by a Massachusetts registered
professional mechanical engineer and Special-Permission must be granted by the Board.
2. Piping material shall be type K, L, M or DWV hard drawn copper or cast iron.
3. All fittings shall be made of cast brass or hard drawn wrought or cast iron and must
be of DWV design.
4. Any change or redesign in the vacuum drainage system shall be subject to the
requirements of 248 CMR 10.06(2)(w) and 10.23.
10.07: Joints and Connections
(1) Consistency of Materials . When installing a fitting or inserting piping into an existing
portion of a soil stack, waste stack, vent stack or drain, the fitting or piping shall be of the same
material as the existing stack or drain using a joining method outlined in 248 CMR 10.07.
(2) Types of Joints for Piping Materials .
(a) Copper Tubing Joints (Potable Water Supply Systems in Buildings^
1. Joints shall be made with one of the following:
a. Copper water tube complying with ASTM B88.
b. Cast bronze fittings complying with ANSI Standard B 16-1 8.
c. Wrought copper fittings complying with ANSI-ASME B 16-22.
d. Flared or brazed connections for all underground piping inside the building. The
joining method of copper underground shall be brazed or flared fittings.
2. Joints may employ the use of cast bronze flanges complying with ANSI Standard
B 16-24.
3. The joining method between copper and copper alloy tube and fittings shall be by
soldering in accordance with ASTM B828-standard practice for making capillary joints
by soldering of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings-latest issue or brazing in
accordance with ANSI/AWS C3.4.
3/11/05 248 CMR- 134
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.07: continued
4. Fluxes used in the soldering or brazing of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings
shall meet one of the reference standards listed in 248 CMR 10.06: Table 1 and be lead
free.
5. Filler metals for soldering or brazing of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings
shall meet one of the reference standards listed in 248 CMR 10.06: Table I and be lead
free.
6. Fluxes used with brazing filler metals or solder filler metals shall be lead free.
(b) Burned Lead . Every.burned (welded) lead joint;
1. shall be lapped; and
2. the lead shall be fused together to form a uniform weld at least as thick as the lead
being joined.
(c) Caulked Cast Iron Soil Pipe . Every lead caulked joint for cast iron bell and spigot soil
pipe shall:
1. be fmnJy packed with oakum or hemp;
2. be filled with molten lead that is not less than one inch-deep and does not extend
more than. Va inch below the rim of the hub;
3. not have paint, varnish, or other coatings on the jointing material until after the joint
has been tested and approved; and
4. have lead run in one continuous pour and shall have the lead caulked tight.
(d) Ex pansion . Every expansion material shall conform with the type of piping in which
it is installed.
(e) Flared .
1. Copper Tubing . Every flared joint for soft-copper water tubing shall be expanded
with a flaring tool.
2. Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) . Every flared (metal insert or cold expansion) joint
for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) water tubing shall be:
a. made with fittings meeting approved standards; and
b. installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommended procedures.
(f) Hot Poured . Hot poured compound for clay or concrete sewer pipe or other materials
shall conform to the following requirements:
1. It shall not be water absorbent and when poured against.
2. A dry surface shall have a bond of greater than or equal to 100 P.S.I.G. All surfaces
of the joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring. If wet surfaces are unavoidable,
a suitable primer shall be applied.
3. The compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy the effectiveness of the joint
when subjected to a temperature of 160''F.
4. The compound shall not be soluble in any of the waste carried by the drainage
system.
5. Approximately 25% of the joint space at the base of the socket, shall be filled with
jute or hemp.
6. A pouring collar, rope or other device shall be used to hold the hot compound during
pouring.
7. Each joint shall be poured in one operation until the joint is filled. Joints shall not be
tested until one hour after pouring.
(g) Mechanical (Flexible or Slip JointV
1. Cast Iron Pipe or Ductile Iron Pip e. Every mechanical joint in cast iron pipe or
ductile iron pipe shall be:
a. made with a flanged collar, rubber ring gasket, and appropriate number of
securing bolts; or
b. made with a preformed molded ring secured by pulling the pipe together in such
a way as to compress the molded ring.
2- Clay Pipe . Flexible joints between lengths of clay pipe may be made by using
resilient materials both on the spigot end and in the bell end of the pipe.
3. Concrete Pip e. Flexible joints between lengths of concrete pipe may be made using
rubber materials both on the spigot end aiid in the bell end of the pipe.
4. Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe No-hub . Joints for hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings
shall be made with:
a. elastomeric sealing sleeve; and
b. stainless steel clamp, clamping screw and housing.
3/11/05 248 CMR -135
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.07: continued
5. Split Couplings . Galvanized couplings made in two or more parts, with compression
gaskets, may be used with grooved end pipe and fittings as specified under 248 CMR
10.06.
6. Aluminum DWV Pipe . Joints for connecting aluminum DWV pipe or aluminum
DWV pipe to hubless cast iron fittings shall be made with;
a. an end capped adaptor; and
b. an elastomeric sealing sleeve and stainless steel clamp, clamping screw and
bousing.
(h) Plastic .
1. ABS. PVC and CPVC .
a. Every joint in ABS, PVC and CPVC piping, except as specified under 248 CMR
10.13: Piping and Treatment of Hazardous Wastes, shall be made with fittings by
solvent weld connections.
b. Solvent weld connections shall be made only with solvent cement manufactured
specifically for the materials to be joined.
2. Cross-linked Polvethvlene (PEXV
a. All joints shall be made with fittings that a joined in the following manner:
i. metal insert fittings with copper crimp rings;
ii. stainless steel press sleeves;
iii. cold expansion fittings with (PEX) reinforcing rings; or
iv. compression fittings (with formed gaskets) or mechanical joints.
b. All joints connecting to other materials shall be made with a transition fitting.
c. All joining methods are to conform to existing standards found in 248 CMR
10.06, Table 1 unless a Variance has been granted by the Board as specified in
248 CMR. 3.04(2) ' .
d. Exception: Metallic fittings used in purified water systems shall be type 316
stainless steel.
(i) Precast Requirements .
1 . Every precast collar shall be formed in both the spigot and bell of the pipe in advance
of use.
2. Collar surfaces shall be conical with side slopes of three-degrees with the axis of the
pipe and the length shall be equal to the depth of the socket.
3. Prior to making joint contact, surfaces shall be cleaned and coated with solvents and
adhesives as recommended in the standard.
4. When the spigot end is inserted in the collar, it shall bind before contacting the base
of the socket.
5. Material shall be inert and resistant to both acids and alkalies,
(j) Slip Requirements .
1 . Every slip joint shall be madp using approved packing or gasket maiterial, or ground
joint brass compression rings.
2. Ground joint brass connections that allow the adjustment of tubing while providing
a rigid joint when made up shall not be considered slip joints.
3. Slip joints may be used on the inlet ("house-side") of the trap only,
(k) Soldered .
1 . Every soldered joint for tubing shall be made with fittings.
2. Surfaces to be soldered shall be properly cleaned, reamed and returned to-full-bore.
3. The joints shall be fluxed properly and fastened using lead free solder.
4. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by appropriate use of brass or wrought
copper water fittings and be properly soldered together.
5. Soldered joints in copper alloy tube and fittings shall be fabricated in accordance with
ASTM B-828 and shall utilize solder fluxes that meet the requirements of ASTMB-813.
6. Solder filler metals used in the fabrication of solder joints in potable water
applications shall be lead free.
(1) Threaded .
1. Every threaded joint shall conform to American National Taper Pipe Thread.
2. All burrs shall be removed.
3. Pipe ends shall be reamed and returned to size of full bore, and all chips shall be
removed.
3/1 1/05 ^ 248 CMR - 136
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.07: continued
4. Product-approved pipe compounds and tapes shall be used on male threads only.
5. Threaded joints used in the piping systems of the potable water supply system of a
building shall be made with lead free polyetrafluorethylene sealant (such as Teflon"^),
which shall be applied to the male thread only.
6. Threads in drainage fittings shall be tapped to provide proper grade and slope,
(m) Unions .
1. Drainage System .
a. Unions may be used only in the crap seal or on the inlet side of the trap.
b. Unions shall have metal -to-metal ground seats.
2. Water-supply System . Unions in the water-supply system shall be metal-to-metal
with ground seats.
(n) Wiped .
1. Every joint in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe or fittings and brass or
copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, or traps, shall be full wiped joints.
2. Wiped joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint that is greater than
or equal to V^ inch in width and be as thick as the material being joined.
3. Wall or floor flange lead-wiped joints shall be made by the use of a lead ring or
flange placed behind the joints at the wall or floor.
4. Joints between lead pipe and cast iron, steel, or wrought iron shall be made by means
of a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing.
(o) Brazed Joints .
1 . Brazing flux, when required, shall meet the requirements of ANSI/AWS A5.3 1 .
2. Brazing filler metal and brazing fluxes utilized for the fabrication of brazed joints in
domestic water supply and potable water distribution system piping shall be lead free.
(p) Victaulic Joints:
1. The victaulic press shall be used for joining pipes and fittings for copper,
galvanized Schedule 40 and stainless steel pipe.
2. The victaulic press 304 system shall be used for joining victaulic type 304
stainless steel pipe that meets the requirements of ASTM A-269 grade 304/304L (TP
304 UNS designation 530400).
(3) Types of Joints Between Different Piping Materials . .
(a) Cast Lon to Copper Tubing . Everyjoint between cast iron and copper mbing shall be
made by the use of a brass caulking ferrule and properly soldering the copper tubing to the
ferrule.
(b) Cast Iron to Vitrified Clav .
1 . Every joint between cast iron piping and vitrified clay piping shall be made either of
hot poured bitumastic compound or by a preformed bituminous ring.
2. This ring shall, after ramming, completely fill the annular space between the cast iron
spigot and the vitrified clay hub.
(c) Copper Tubing to Threaded Pipe Joints .
1. Every joint transitioning from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall be made by the
use of brass or wrought copper adapter fittings.
2. The joint between the copper pipe and the fitting shall be properly soldered and the
connection between the threaded pipe and the fitting shall be made with a standard
nominal pipe size connection.
(d) Lead Cast Iron. Wrought Iron, or Steel . Everyjoint between lead and cast iron, wrought
iron, or steel pipe shall be made by means of wiped joints to a caulking ferrule, soldering
nipple, bushing, or by means of a mechanical adapter.
(e) Threaded Pipe to Cast Iron . Every joint between wrought iron, steel, or brass, and cast
iron pipe shall be either caulked or threaded or shallbe made with approved adapter fittings.
(f) Special Joints and Connections . Unless specifically outlined in.248 CMR 10.07 or other
applicable sections of 248 CMR 10.00, unlike piping materials shall be joined or connected
to by use of adapters, transition fittings, prefabricated sealing ring or sleeve.
(g) ABS or PVC Plastic to Other Materials .
3/11/05 248 CMR -137
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.07: continued
1. Threaded Joints .
a. ABS or PVC (DWV) joints when threaded shall use the proper male or female
threaded adapter.
b. Only thread tape or lubricant seal or other Product-approved material as
recommended by the manufacturer shall be used.
2. Cast Iron Spis:ot Hub Joints .
a. Joints shall be connected by caulking with lead and oakum or by the use of a
compression gasket that is compressed when the plastic pipe is inserted in the cast
iron hub end of the pipe.
b. No adapters are required for this connection.
3. No Hub Joints .
a. Joints where the outside diameter of the two pipes or fittings to be joined are
uniform in diameter may be joined with an elastomeric sealing sleeve and stainless
steel no hub clamp.
b. PVC to ABS connection shall be implemented by:
i. using a DWV male to female adaptor; or
ii. by a no hub clamp,
(h) Aluminum DWV Pipe to Hubless Cast Iron Pipe or Fittings . Joints for connecting
aluminum DWV pipe or aluminum DWV pipe to hubless cast iron fittings shall be made
with an elastomeric sealing sleeve and stainless steel clamp, clamping screw and housing and
end protector caps.
(4) Connections Between Drainage Piping and Certain Fixtures .
a. Connections between drainage pipes and toilets, floor outlet service sinks, pedestal
urinals, earthenware trap standards or other similar fixtures with floor outlets shall be
fastened with brass, wrought copper, hard lead, iron or plastic flanges, that is caulked,
soldered or solvent welded to the flanged connection.
b. A gasket, washer or setting compound between the fixture and the flange is required.
c. Only brass or stainless steel nuts and bolts shall be used.
d. The floor flange shall be fastened to a structurally firm base.
e. The use of commercial putty or plaster as a setting. compound is prohibited.
f. Schedule 80 PVC or ABS threaded nipples may be used to connect toilets and urinals to
carriers of such fixtures.
(5) Tightness . Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gastight and watertight
for the pressure required by test, with the exceptions of those portions of perforated or open joint
piping that are installed for the purpose of collecting and conveying ground or seepage water to
the underground storm drains.
(6) Waterproofing of Openings .
(a) Joints terminating at the roof around roof drains and vent pipes shall be made watertight
by the use of lead, copper, aluminum, or other flashing or flashing materials.
(b) Caps for extended roof flanges shall be made to fit tight to the inside circumference of
the vent pipe. The cap shall not decrease the pipe opening by more than the thickness of the
cap material.
(c) Exterior wall openings shall be made watertight.
(7) Increasers and Reducers . When interconnecting pipes and fittings, fittings and fittings, or
pipes and fittings that have different sizes the size of the increaser or reducing fittings shall be
selected and installed so as to prevent the restriction of flow between the interconnection.
10.08: Traps and Cleanouts
(1) Fixture Traps .
(a) Separate Traps for Each Fixture .
^ 1 . S eparate Trapping Required:
. a. Individual plumbing fixtures shall be separately trapped by a water seal trap
placed as close as possible to the fixture outlet.
3/11/05 248 CMR -138
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.08: continued
b. The developed length distance from the fixture outlet to the trap weir shall not
exceed 24 inches.
c. No fixture shall be double trapped.
2. A fixture need not be separately trapped. Exceptions to the separate trapping
requirements are as follows:
a. Fixtures having integral traps.
b. A combination plumbing fixture may be installed on one trap provided one
compartment is not more than six inches deeper than the other and the waste outlets
are not more than 30 inches apart.
c. One trap may be installed for not more than three single compartment sinks or
lavatories, immediately adjacent to each other, and in the same room. The trap is to
be centrally located when three such fixtures are installed. The center to center
measurement of the waste outlets shall not exceed 30 inches apart.
d. The waste for a domestic type dishwasher may be separately trapped, or may
connect to the manufactured inlet side opening of a food waste grinder. A "wye"
fitting may be installed between the outlet of the food waste grinder and the inlet of
the trap serving the kitchen sink.
(b) Size of Fixture Traps .
1. Fixture trap size (nominal diameter) shall be sufficient to drain the fixture rapidly and
in no case less than outlined in 248 CMR 10.08: Table 1 (Minimum Size of Fixture
Traps).
2. No trap shall be larger than the drainage pipe into which it discharges.
TABLE 1
MINIMUM SIZE OF FDCTURE TRAPS
Plumbing Fixture
Trap Size in Inches
Bathtub (with or without overhead shower)
P/2
Bidet
IVi
Clothes washer (domestic)
W-i
Combination sink and wash tray
Vh
Combination sink and wash tray with food waste grinder unit
Vh
Dental unit or cuspidor
Vh
Dental Lavatory
W^
Drinking fountain
Vh
Dishwasher, commercial
2
Dishwasher, domestic
Vh
Floor drain
2
Food waste grinder
Vh
Kitchen sink, domestic, with food waste grinder unit
Vh
Kitchen sink (two compartments)
Vh
Kitchen sink, domestic
Vh
Lavatory, common
Vh
Lavatory (barber shop, beauty parlor or surgeon's)
Vh
Lavatory, (multiple type) (wash fountain or wash sink)
Vh
Laundry sink (one or two compartments)
V/^
Shower stall
2
Sink (surgeon's)
Vh
Sink (flushing rim type, flush valve supplies)
3
Sink (service type with floor outlet trap standard)
3 -
Sink (service trap with P trap)
2
Sink, commercial (pot, scullery, or similar type)
2
Sink, commercial (with food grinder unit)
2
(c) Prohibited Trap s. The following type traps are prohibited.
1 . Traps which depend upon moving parts to maintain their seal.
3/11/05
248 CMR -139
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.08; continued
2. Bell traps.
3. Crown vented traps.
4. Separate fixture traps which depend on interior partitions for their seal.
5. Full "S" traps. .
(d) Design of Traps .
1. Fixture traps shall be self-scouring and shall have no interior partitions except where
such traps are integral with the fixture.
2. Slip joints or couplings may be used on the trap inlet or within the trap seal of the
trap if a metal-to-metal ground joint is. used.
3. Each fixture trap, except a trap that is cast integrally or in combination with the
fixture in which the trap seal is readily accessible or except when a portion of the trap is
readily removable for cleaning purposes, shall have an accessible cleanoutplug of ample
size that is protected by the water seal.
(e) Fixture Trap and Connection Material (HOUSE SIDE) shall meet ASME Al 12.18.2-
2002 .
1 . Fixture traps shall be made of cast brass, with a wall thickness of not less than .01
inches, or of schedule 40 ABS or PVC.
2. Cast iron traps may be used in connection with floor drains, slop sinks, building
(house) traps, conductors (when necessary) and similar installations, weights and
thicknesses to comply with like materials under 248 CMR 10.06.
3. Slip nuts used to connect fixmre and appliance outlet piping to the trap, shall be
composed of brass, copper or schedule 40 ABS or PVC. ?
4. Tubing traps made of brass or copper shall be of a thickness equal to a minimum of
17 gauge.
5. When devices including strainers, P. O. (pull out) plugs, tail pieces, waste arms,
. bathtub wastes and overflows, and any other similar fixture to trap connection, when of
metal, shall be made of brass or other non-corrosive metal, and the device shall have a
thickness greater than or equal to 17 gauge.
6. All items listed in 248 CMR I0.08(l)(e)4. and 10.08(l)(e)5. when made of ABS or
PVC may be used, provided that they all comply with ASME A 11 2. 18.2 for PVC and
ABS Tubular Traps and'Fittings.
(f) Trap Seal . Each fixture trap shall have a liquid seal of not less than two inches and not
more than four inches, except where for special conditions, a deeper seal may be required.
(g) Trap Setting and Protection . Traps shall be set level with respect to their water seals
and, where necessary, shall be protected from freezing.
(h) Building Traps .
1 . Building (House/running traps) traps shall not be installed, unless in the opinion of
the Inspector they are necessary.
2. Each building trap when installed shall be provided with a cleanout and with a
relieving vent or fresh air intake which need not be larger than '/2 the diameter of the
drain to which it connects.
(i) Acid Resistant Trap . Where a vitrified-clay or other brittleware, acid-resistant trap is
installed underground, it shall be embedded in concrete extending six inches beyond the
bottom and sides of the trap.
(2) Drainage Pipe Cleanouts .
(a) Location . Cleanouts shall not be placed more than 50 feet apart in all horizontal
drainage piping and branch drain piping that is four inch nominal diameter or less. On piping
that is over four inch nominal diameter the cleanouts shall not be more than 100 feet apart.
(b) Underground Drainage . Cleanouts, when installed on an underground drainage piping,
shall be:
1. extended vertically to or above the finished grade level; or
2. extended to an accessible location immediately outside the building.
(c) Change of Direction . Accessible cleanouts shall be installed:
1. at each change of direction of the building drain; or
2. at each change of direction of horizontal waste or soil lines and branch- lines, that are
greater then 45°.
3/11/05 248 CMR -140
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.08: continued
(d) Concealed Piping . Cleanouts on concealed piping shall be extended thi-Qugh and
terminate' flush with the finished wall or floor; or pits or chases may be left in the wall or
floor, provided they ai-e of sufficient size to allow removal of the cleanout plug and proper
cleaning of the system.
(e) Base of Stacks . A cleanout shall be provided at or near the base of each vertical storm
water conductor, waste or soil stack.
(f) Inaccessible Stack Cleanouts . For buildings with concrete floors (slabs) or with less than
18 inches of crawl space under the floor, or where a stack cleanout is not easily accessible,
the following shall be provided in lieu of a cleanout at the base of the stack.
1 . The building drain shall be extended to the outside of the building and terminated in
an accessible area.
2. The accessible area for the cleanout shall be not more than five feet beyond the
foundation/building wall.
(g) Building Drain at Foundation Wall .
1. There shall be a cleanout on the building drain so located as to provide accessibility
in direct line through the building drain to building sewer.
2. If necessary a pit or manhole shall be provided in a location determined by the
Inspector.
3. When cast iron soil pipe and fittings are used, the joining methods shall comply with
248 CMR 10.07(2)(c)l. and shall be installed as diagramed in
248 CMR 10.22: Figure 18.
(h) Direction of Flow . Eveiy cleanout shall be installed so that the cleanout opens in the
direction of the flow of the drainage line or at right angles thereto.
(i) Cleanout Size . Cleanouts shall be of the same nominal size as the pipes up to four
inches and not less than four inches for larger piping.
(j) Cleanout Clearances .
1. Large Pipe - 18 Inch Clearance : Cleanouts on three inch or larger pipes shall be so
installed that there is a clearance of not less than 18 inches for the purpose of clearing
stoppages.
2. Small Pipe - 12 Inch Clearance : Cleanouts smaller than three inches shall be so
installed that there is a 12-inch clearance for the purpose of clearing stoppages.
(k) Cleanouts Shall Be Kept Uncovered and Accessible .
1. Cleanout plugs shall not be covered with cement, plaster, or any other permanent
finishing material.
2. Where it is necessary to conceal a cleanout plug, a covering plate or access door shall
be provided which will allow ready access to the plug for removal.
(1) Cleanout Equivalent . The cleanout equivalent may be satisfied by one of the following
methods if accepted by the Inspector:
1. a fixmre trap that incorporates a union connection;
2. a fixture with an integral trap; or
3. roof drains that are readily removable without disturbing concealed roughing work,
(m) Connections to Cleanouts Prohibited . Cleanout openings shall not be used for the
installation of any new or additional plumbing, except when:
1. approved in writing by the Inspector; and
2. where another end-cleanout of equal access and capacity is provided,
(n) Manholes for Large Pipes .
1. For underground "dedicated system" piping that is over ten inches in diameter and
is outside a building, manholes shall be provided and located at every change of size in
diameter, alignment, grade or elevation and at intervals of not more than 300 feet except
when the total developed length of the drain is less than 150 feet cleanouts may be
installed at 75 foot intervals.
2. Manholes shall conform to current standards and engineering practices.
3/11/05 248 CMR -141
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.09: Interceptors. Separators and Holding Tanks
(1) Interceptors. Separators and Holding Tanks .
(a) Interceptors Required .
1. Interceptors and separators shall be provided to prevent the discharge of oil, gasoline,
grease, sand, and other substances, that are harmful or hazardous to the building drainage
system, the public sewer, or sewage treatment plant or other sewage treatment processes.
2. No wastes other than those requiring treatment or separation shall be discharged into
any interceptor or separator.
(b) Separators or Holding Tanks Required .
1. Requirements .
a. Gasoline, oil and sand separators subject to 248 CMR 10.09(l)(c). An applicant
for a plumbing permit to install a separator that is subject to 248 CMR 10.09(l)(b)
in the MWRA (Massachusetts Water Resource Authority) Sewage District, shall file
a notice with the MWRA. This notice shall be filed at the same time as the plumbing
application for a permit is filed with the Inspector.
b. Except as provided in 248 CMR 10.09(4)(c), there shall be floor drains installed
in all commercial motor vehicle:
i. parking and storage accommodations;
ii.. repair garages, repair facilities or auto body repair facilities;
iii. service facilities with or without grease racks and grease pits;
iv. wash rack areas;
V. wash areas (including automatic car wash structures); and
vi. facilities where motor oils, gasoline, anti-freeze and similar hazardous liquid
wastes are potentially generated or may potentially spill.
The floor drains waste shall be conveyed through waste piping installed in
accordance with 248 CMR 10.15 and shall discharge into a gas, sand and oil
separator installed in accordance with 248 CMR 10.09(4)(d)l.a. and 248 CMR
10.23: Figure 15 and be connected to a municipal sewer system. In unsewered
ai^eas, a holding tank that meets the requirements of 310 CMR 15.00: The State
Environmental Code, Title 5:- Standard Requirements for the Siting, Construction,
Inspection, Upgrade and Expansion of On-site Sewage Treatment and Disposal
Systems and for the Transport and Disposal of Septage (The Department of
Environmental Protection) and policies shall be used in lieu of a municipal sewer
connection.
c. Connections to municipal sewers shall be installed and maintained in accordance
with 3 14 CMR 7.00.
d. All holding tanks and the associated drainage and vent piping is considered a
dedicated system as defined in 248 CMR 10.03(b). The chamber of the holding tank
shall be vented independently back to the building it serves and through the roof in
accordance with 248 CMR I0.09(4)(f)(l).
e. The entire installation within the property line shall comply with all related
provisions of 248 CMR 3.00 through 10.00.
2. Vents for Floor and Trough Drains . The vents for the floor/trough drains that convey
waste to a gasoline, oil and sand separator shall be independent of the sanitary DWV
systems. Vents for the floor/trough drain(s) in facilities served by a gasoline, oil and
sand separator may connect to the chamber vent of the separator no less than six inches
above the flood level rim of the floor/trough drain fixture.
3." Floor Drains and Trough Drains Required . Separators and floor drains/trough drains
shall be required in condominium structures or multi family residential structures with
residential garages:
a. that have over six car capacity and have living units above or below; and
b. if the vehicles share a conunon area.
4. Facilities, as defined in 248 CMR 10.09(l)(b) not connected to a municipal sewer
system or a holding tank, as defined in 248 CMR 10.09(l)(b), constructed, existing, and
operating prior to January 9, 1992 shall:
a. connect to a municipal sewer system as per the requirements of 248 CMR and
314 CMR 7.00 and all other applicable laws, codes, rules, and regulations;
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 142
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
1.0.09: continued
b. connect to a holding tank (as defined in 248 CMR 10.09(2)(b); or
c. seal the floor drains with caps or plugs in accordance with 248 CMR 10.07,
provided that, an application for sealing of floor drains that includes a WS-1 form
from the Department of Environmental Protection Waste Minimization Program
Procedures (DEP Form WS-1) is filed and approved by the Inspector before
commencing any work. A copy of the form indicating the Inspector's approval shall
be returned to the DEP by the applicant, as indicated on the document.
(d) Ap proval of Separators .
1. Size. Type and Location .
a. The size (capacity), type, and location of each separator, shall be in conformance
with 248 CMR 10.22: Figure 15 (Gasoline-oil and Sand Separator). Alternate
design separators may be used see 248 CMR 3.04(2) or (3).
b. No wastes other than those requiring treatment or separation shall be discharged
into any separator.
. 2. All Separators to Follow Type Approved . No separator shall be installed which does
not comply in all respects with drawings and specifications shown in the appropriate
section of 248 CMR 10.00.
3. Municipalities Interconnected with Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
fMWRA) Sewerage Svstem .
a. In all cities and towns, where the sewage disposal is discharging into the
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Sewage System, separator installations-
shall be inspected by the Inspector and approved by the MWRA.
b. Notice of a pre-planned separator installation shall be submitted to the MWRA
before an application for a plumbing permit is filed with the Inspector pursuant to
248 CMR 3.05.
(e) Separation of Liquids . A mixture of light and heavy liquids having different specific
gravities may be treated and then separated in a receptacle.
(f) Venting .
1 . Interceptors and separators shall be so designed that they will not become air bound,
when closed covers are used.
2. Each interceptor shall be properly chamber vented to comply with 248 CMR 10.16
and each separator to comply with Drawing and Specification (248 CMR 10.22: Figure
15).
(g) Accessibility .
1. Each interceptor and separator shall be so installed that it is readily accessible.
2.. The removal of the cover shall be accessible for the purpose of service and
maintenance.
3. The use of ladders or moving of heavy objects in order to service interceptors or
separators shall constitute a violation of accessibility.
(h) Maintenance . Interceptors and separators shall be maintained in efficient operating
condition by the periodic removal of accumulated grease, scum, oil, or other suspended
substances, solids and silt deposits accumulated at the bottom of the interceptor or separator.
(2) Grease Traps and Interceptors When Installed Inside of Buildings .
(a) Grease traps and interceptors shall be installed in the following establishments to
prevent the discharge of fats, oils, and grease into the drainage system:
1. restaurants;
2. cafeterias;
3. hotels;
4. hospitals;
5. institutional facilities;
6. factories;
7. clubs;
8. bars where food is prepared and served; and
9. all commercial kitchens; food and meat packing and processing establishments; super
markets, bakeries, and other establishments where fats, oils and grease may be introduced
into the building sanitary drainage system in quantities that can cause waste line
obstruction or hinder sewage disposal.
3/11/05 248 CMR -143
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.09: continued
(b) Grease traps and interceptors may be installed on individual fixture waste branches.
(c) Plumbing fixtures to be protected by grease traps and interceptors shall include:
1. pot sinks (with bowl depths exceeding ten inches);
2. scullery sinks (with bowl depths exceeding ten inches),
3. floor drains;
4. floor sinks;
5. automatic dishwashers regardless of temperature;
6. pre-rinse sinks;
7. soup kettles or similar devices;
8. wok stations; and
9. automatic hood wash units;
(d) In unsewered areas refer to 310 CMR 15,00: The State Environmental Code, Title 5:
Standard Requirements for the Siting, Construction, Inspection, Upgrade and Expansion of
On-site Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems and for the Transport and Disposal of
Septage relative to grease removal at installations from which large quantities of grease can
be expected to discharge.
(e) Floor Drain Exception : Floor drains that may encounter grease residue and are
specifically designed for this purpose may conduct grease to an outside grease interceptor.
Grease interceptors may be installed on a separate building drain and shall only receive the
discharge from fixtures or equipment which would allow fats, oils or grease to be discharged
to the sanitary drainage system.
(f) Food Waste Grinders and Pre-rinse Sinks .
1. The waste from dishwasher pre-rinse sinks that are not equipped with food waste
grinders shall be discharged to the drainage system through a grease trap interceptor.
2. A dishwasher pre rinse sink drain not equipped with a food waste grinder that
conveys the waste discharge to a dish washing machine drain as shown in 248 CMR
10.22: Figure 22 shall be a minimum diameter of two inch. The total developed length
of the horizontal waste drain from the dishwasher pre-rinse sink outlet to the weir of the
dish washing machine trap shall not exceed eight feet.
3. The waste discharge from a commercial food waste grinder (garbage disposal) shall
not discharge to the sanitary drainage system through a grease trap. Dishwasher pre-rinse
sinks equipped with food waste grinders shall be discharged in accordance with
248 CMR 10.10(8)(b), (c), and (d).
(g) Sizing. Testing and Rating .
1. Grease traps and interceptors shall not be installed unless sized, tested, and certified
according to PDI-GlOl or ASME Al 12. 14.3 or ASME A112.14.4.
2. Grease traps and interceptors must bear the certification seal of the Plumbing and
Drainage Institute (P.D.I.) or AMSE. The Board may authorize the use of alternate
design traps and interceptors in accordance with 248 CMR 3.04(2) or (3).
(h) Capacity . Installed grease traps and interceptors shall have a grease retention capacity
of not less than two pounds of grease for each G.P.M (gallon-per-miriute) of flow,
(i) Flow Control Device .
1. Grease traps and interceptors shall be equipped with flow control devices. A flow
control device may be equipped with a vented (air intake) or be of an integral non-vented
design. Integral non-vented flow control device shall be placed in accordance with
manufacturers recommendations. A flow control device is required to be installed
between the fixture and the grease trap/interceptor in accordance with manufacturers
instructions.
2. The flow control device is designed to regulate the flow and discharge rate of waste
water through the trap or interceptor.
3 . The vented external flow control device air intake when installed in combination with
a Grease Trap, may terminate to the free atmosphere provided it terminates a minimum
of six inches above the flood level rim of the fixture(s) being served.
3/11/05 248 CMR -144
10.09: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
4. The vented external flow control devices when installed in combination with a
Grease Interceptor may connect to the sanitary venting system of a building or structure
provided that the external flow control and fixture(s) are protected by a trap installed in
accordance with all applicable provisions of 248 CMR 10.00.
5. A flow control device will not be required for interceptor/separators that are designed
to provide a retention capacity of 30 minutes or less.
(j) Water Cooled Interceptors/Separators . The use of water- cooled interceptors/separators
is prohibited.
(k) Interceptors Not Required .
1 . Grease traps and interceptors are not required for residential bui]ding(s), structure(s),
dwellings or dwelling units or any private residence.
2. Grease traps and interceptors shall be required in buildings deemed residential that
incorporate commercial cooking accommodations.
(1) Treatment Agents and Chemicals . Chemicals, liquids or agents of any type used for the
primary purpose of emulsification and separation of grease that by formula allow grease to
be transferred or conveyed from the trap or interceptor to the drainage system are prohibited,
(m) Maintenance .
1. Grease and accumulated solids shall be removed from traps and interceptors and
disposed of in accordance with applicable Federal, State and Local health code
requirements by the owner or his/her agent. Federal, State and Local laws, regulations
and by-laws may require monitoring and registration of installed traps and interceptors.
2. The local board of health official(s) or similar authority having jurisdiction may
require other methods or programs to monitor maintenance of grease traps and
interceptors.
3. A laminated sign shall be stenciled on or in the immiediate area of the gi-ease trap or
interceptor in letters one-inch high. The sign shall state the following in exact language:
IMPORTANT
This grease trap/interceptor shall be inspected and thoroughly cleaned on a
regular and frequent basis. Failure to do so could result in damage to the
piping system, and the municipal or private drainage system(s).
(n) Procedures for Sizing Grease Interceptors .
1. Grease traps and interceptors shall be sized in accordance with the following
Recommended Procedures For Sizing Grease Interceptor and 248 CMR 10.22: Figure
22.
2. Recommended Procedures and Formulas for Installing Grease Traps and Interceptors .
As a general rule it is recommended that traps and interceptors be sized in accordance
with the formulas indicated in 248 CMR 10.09: Tables J through 3. It is favorable
pohcy to size the interceptor so that its rated capacity is never less than 40% of the
individual fixmre capacity in gallons. In the example below the actual fixture capacity
is 59.8 Gals, and 40% of this would be 23.9 Gals. It is understood that a drainage period
other than one or two minutes can be used.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 145
10.09: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 10.09: Table 1:
RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR SIZING
GREASE TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS INSIDE BUILDINGS
EXAMPLE (Single Compartment)
STEP 1 . Determine the cubic content of the fixture
by multiplying length x width x depth, (of each comp)
A sink 48" long by 24" width by 12" deep.
Cubic content 48" x 24" x 12" = 13,824 cu. in. or
Cubic contents 4' x 2' x 1' x 7.5 Gals. = 60 Gals.
STEP 2. Determine the total capacity in gallons.
1 gallon = 23 1 cubic inches
Contents in Gallons 13.824/231 = 59.8 Gals.
STEP 3. Determine actual drainage load. The fixture
is usually filled to approximately 75% of the capacity
with waste water. The items being washed displace
about 25% of the fixture content. Actual drainage load
= 75% of fixture capacity.
Actual Drainage Load .75 x 59.8 Gals. = 44.9Gals
STEP 4. Determine the flow rate and the drainage
period. In general, good practices dictate a one minute
drainage period, however where conditions permit, a
two minute period is acceptable. Drainage period is
the actual time required to completely empty the
fixture.
Calculate flow rate for 1 minute period.
Flow rate 44.9 Gals. 1/min. =44.9G.P.M.
For 2 minute period
Flow rate 44.9 Gals./2min. = 22,5 G.P.M.
STEP 5. Select the interceptor which corresponds to
the flow rate calculated Note: Select larger size when
flow rate falls between two sizes listed.
NOTE: The example above is representative of acceptable method(s) when purchasing an interceptor
based on the total fixture flow rate capacity in gallons. When purchasing an interceptor based on
grease retention pounds only, multiply the total gallon flow rate capacity of the fixture by two.
248 CMR 10.09 Table 2:
SIZING FORMULAS FOR LARGE CAPACITY
GREASE INTERCEPTORS (INSIDE OR OUTSIDE BUILDINGS')
For Restaurants:
Other Establishments with Commercial Kitchens:
(S) X (OS) X (HR/12) X (LP) = Effective Capacity
of Grease Traps and Interceptors in Gallons
(M) X (GM) X (LF) = Effective Capacity of
Grease Traps and Interceptors in Gallons
WHERE:
WHERE:
S = Number of Seats in Dining Area
GS = Gallons of Waste Water Per Seat:
HR = Number of Hours Restaurant is Open.
LF = Loading Factor
Use 25 Gallons for Restaurants with China
Dishes and/or automatic dishwashers
Use 10 Gallons for Restaurants with Paper or
Baskets and No Dishwashers.
M = Meals Prepared Per Day
GM = Gallons of Waste Water Per Meal (Use
5 Gallons)
LF = Loading Factor
Use 1 .00 with dishwashing machines and
0.75 without dishwashing machine.
Loading Factors:
Use 2.00 Interstate Highway, q
Use 1.00 Main Highway,
Use 0.75 Other Highways
Use 1.50 Other Roadways
Use 1.25 Recreational Areas
3/11/05
248 CMR - 146
10.09: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
248 CMR 10.09: Tabled:
CAPACITY OF GREASE TRAPS AND INTERCEPTORS
Total Flow Through
Rating (g.p.m)
Grease Trap/Interceptor
Retention Capacity
(pounds)
4
8
6
12
7
14
9
18
10
20
12
24
14
28
15
30
18
36
20
40
25
50
35
70
50
100
(3) Grease Interceptors Installed Outside of the Buildings
(a) General Requirements for Outside Interceptors . When an outside grease interceptor is
installed, the entire installation within the property line shall comply with 248 CMR
10.03: Dedicated Systems, and the installation shall be designed by a registered professional
mechanical engineer.
(b) This installation shall require a chamber vent which shall:
1. be piped to the inside of the building in compliance with 248 CMR 10.1 6(5)(e); and
2. shall be not less than four inch minimum pipe diameter.
(4) Special Use Installations .
(a) Sand Interceptors -- Floor Drains .
1. Wherever a floor drain discharges waste to an oil and gasoline separator, the floor
drain shall be equipped with an approved sediment and sand control basket, or the floor
drain shall discharge through a sand interceptor.
2. Multiple floor drains may discharge into one sand interceptor.
(b) Sand Interceptors — Commercial Establishments . Sand and similar interceptors for
heavy solids shall;
1 . be so designed and located as to be readily accessible for cleaning; and
2, have a water seal of not less than six inches.
(c) Laundries . Commercial laundries shall be equipped with an interceptor having a wire
basket or similar device, removable for cleaning, that will prevent passage into the drainage
system of solids Vi inch or larger in size, string, rags, buttons, or other materials detrimental
to the public sewerage system.
(d) Bottling Establishments . Bottling plants shall discharge their process waste into an
interceptor that provides for the separation of broken glass or other solids, before discharging
liquid wastes into the drainage system.
(e) Slaughter Houses . Slaughtering room and dressing room drains shall be equipped with
interceptors approved by the Plumbing Drainage Institute which shall prevent the discharge
into the drainage system of feathers, entrails, and other materials likely to cause stoppage of
the drainage system.
10.10: Plumbing Fixtures
(1) Fixture Materials and Quality . Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed from Product-
approved materials, have smooth and impervious surfaces and be free from defects, and, except
as provided elsewhere in 248 CMR 10.00, shall conform to the applicable standard listed in
248 CMR 10.06: Table 1.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 147
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
(2) Overflows .
(a) Design . When any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be arranged so
that the standing water in the fixture cannot rise in the overflow when the stopper is closed
or remain in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
(b) Connection . The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the drainage system on
the inlet or fixture side of the trap, except that the overflow from a flush tank serving a toilet
or urinal shall discharge only into the fixture served.
(3) Installation .
(a) Cleaning . All fixtures must be installed so as to afford easy access for cleaning both the
fixture and the ai'ea about it.
(b) Joints . Where a fixture comes in contact with walls and floors, the joint shall be
watertight.
(c) Securing FixUjres . Floor outlet fixtures and wall hung fixtures shall be rigidly secured
to the finished floor or wall by screws or bolts, or other methods in compliance with
manufacturers instructions and codified in 248 CMR 10.05(7).
(d) Wall-hung Bowls . Wall hung toilet bowls shall be rigidly supported by a concealed
metal Product-approved fixture earner so that no strain is transmitted to the toilet discharge
connection, or the wall.
(e) Setting . Fixtures shall be set plumb, level and in proper alignment with reference to
adjacent walls.
(4) Prohibited Fixtures . The following fixtures are prohibited.
(a) A pan, valve, plunger, offset, washout, frost proof latrine, or other toilet which has an
invisible seal, mechanical seal or an unventilated space.
(b) A toilet that has walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge.
(c) A toilet that may enable siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank.
(d) Trough urinals and floor stall urinals.
(e) Wall hung urinals connected to an exposed trap.
(5) Toilets .
(a) Public Use . A toilet for public use shall be of the elongated type.
(b) Flushing Device . A toilet tank shall have sufficient capacity to flush properly the toilet
bowl with which it is connected.
(c) Float Valve and Ballcocks . A float valve or ballcock in a toilet flush tank shall be of
anti-siphon design and shall provide sufficient water to refill the trap seal in the toilet bowl.
(d) Flushometer Valves .
1. A flushometer valve shall be so installed that it will be readily accessible for
repairing.
2. When the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle of operation automatically
opening and closing positively under the service pressure.
3. At each operation the valve shall deliver water in sufficient volume and at a rate that
will thoroughly flush the fixture and refill the fixture trap.
4. Means shall be provided for regulating the. flushometer valve flow.
5. Not more than one fixture shall be served by a single flushometer valve.
6. Protection against backflow shall be provided as specified in 248 CMR 10.14(7).
(e) Seats . A toilet shall be equipped with a seat of smooth non-absorbent material. The seat
of a toilet that is provided for public or semi-public use shall be of the open front type. -
(f) Alternative Technology Toilet Systems .
1. Areas subject to 310 CMR 15.00 or where sewers are unavailable innovative
alternative technology toilets may be installed in place of a liquid sealed toilet. These are
considered plumbing fixtures under 248 CMR 10.00 and therefore the permit
requirements must be satisfied.
2. The alternative technology toilet system shall be manufactured to NSF-4 1 standards
and shall be installed in compliance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 148
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
(6) Urinals .
(a) Urinal Fixtures .
1. Only pedestal urinals and wall hung urinals with integral traps shall be used.
2. Urinals shall be flushed only by means of an automatic flushing tank or flushometers
equipped with a back flow preventer.
(b) Automatic Flushing Tank . A tank that flushes more than one urinal, shall be automatic
in operation; and shall be of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary water to flush and
cleanse properly all urinals simultaneously.
(c) Materials Surrounding Urinals for Public or Semi-public Use .
1 . The floor areas one foot in front of the urinal lip and one foot on each side of the
urinal, and the wall areas to four feet above the floor, shall be finished so as to be
non-absorbent.
2. Wood and fiber boards are prohibited in the above noted areas.
(d) Every urinal shall be side shielded for privacy.
(7) Shower Baths. Stalls and Compaitments .
(a) Shower Head Supply Riser . Every shower head supply riser or extension from the
shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or. not, shall be securely attached
to the structure.
(b) Shower Waste Outlet .
1. Waste outlets serving shower stalls and compartments that are not part of bathtubs
shall be no less than two inches in diameter, shall have removable strainers not less than
three inches in diameter, and shall have strainer openings not less than Vo inch in
■ minimum dimension.
2. In shower rooms or in an area that multiple shower heads are installed and the
individual shower space, area, stall or compartment is not provided with an individual
waste outlet, the waste outlet shall be so located that the floor is designed and pitched so
that waste water from one shower head area does not flow over the floor area serving
another shower head area.
3. Waste outlets shall be securely fastened to the waste pipe and make a watertight
connection thereto.
(c) Shower Compartments .
1. Shower compartments and stalls shall have at least 900 square inches of floor area
and be not less than 30 inches in minimum dimension measured from its finished interior
dimension as the side of a rectangle, altirude of a triangle or diameter of a circle or other
angular shape.
2. The minimum required area and dimension shall be measured from its finished
interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to
the centerline of the threshold.
3. The wall area above built-in tubs having installed shower heads and in shower
compartments or stalls shall be constructed of smooth, non-corrosive, and non-absorbent,
waterproof materials to a height not less than six feet above the floor level. Such walls
shall form a watertight joint with each other and with the bathing tub, floor receptor,
shower floor or base.
4. The waste Outlet opening for individual shower compartments shall be two inches in
diameter.
(d) Shower Floors or Receptors .
1 . Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on or be supported by
a smooth and structurally sound base.
2. Floors under shower compartments, other than those laid directly on the ground
surface or where prefabricated shower base receptors have been provided, shall be lined
and made watertight by the provision of suitable shower pans of durable Product-
approved materials.
3. Shower pans shall turn up on all sides at least above the finished threshold level.
4. Shower pans shall be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage entrance
making a watertight joint between the pan and the outlet.
5. Floor surfaces shall be constructed of smooth, non-corrosive, nonabsorbent, and
waterproof materials.
3/11/05 248 CMR -149
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
(e) Shower Controls .
1. When a flow control valve or shower head is designed to completely shut-off and is
installed on the outlet pipe from a shower control unit, check valves shall be provided in
the hot and cold water supplies to the unit to prevent by-passing of hot or cold water. An
exception to the requirement above is when Product-approved shower control units are
designed to prevent bypassing.
2. All showers, shower stalls, shower compartments, gang showers, and shower baths,
either multiple or single, shall be equipped with an approved adjustable self-cleaning and
draining shower head.
3. The water supply to a shower head shall be supplied through a Product-approved
individual thermostatic, pressure balancing or combination thermostatic/pressure
balancing valve complying with ASSE 1016. The device shall conform to the following
requirements:
a. the device shall incorporate a design that limits the maximum deliverable
temperature of hot water to 1 12°F; and
b. the device shall be designed to prevent bypassing of water.
4. Automatic Temperature Control Mixing Valves :
a. A central type automatic temperature control mixing valve may be used in lieu
of individual thermostatic, pressure balancing or combination thermostatic/pressure
balancing valve complying with ASSE 1070, provided that the temperature control
mixing valve limits the maximum temperature of the hot water supplied to individual
shower controls to 1 12°F during all periods when showers are in use.
b. A thermometer is required in the outlet piping of the automatic central control
mixing valve for inspection and adjustment of temperature.
. c. Check valves are required on the hot and cold water inlets to the automatic central,
control mixing valve.
d. The automatic temperature control mixing valve is a secondary control for hot
water that is supplied to individual shower stations and is in addition to the primary
controls used to maintain the water temperature in the domestic hot water system.
e. When the temperature in the hot water supply piping to a shower stations is
controlled by an automatic temperature control mixing valve, individual shower
controls may be Product- approved two handle or single handle shower valves.
f. All automatic temperature control mixing valve devices shall be adjusted by the .
installing plumber, prior to a Final Inspection in accordance with (248 CMR
l0.04(3)Ce). The device shall be set to deliver tempered water at a temperature not
to exceed 110°Fto 112°F.
(8) Food-waste Grinder Units .
(a) Residential or Domestic Food-waste Grinder-waste Outlets . Domestic food-waste
grinder units shall be connected to a drain of not less than I'/z inches in diameter.
(b) Conmiercial Food-waste Grinder Outlets .
1 . Commercial food-waste grinder units shall be connected to a drain of sufficient size
to serve the unit, but in no case connected to a drain of less than two inches in diameter.
2. Commercial food-waste-grinder units shall be connected and trapped separately from
other fixtures or compartments.
3. These grinders shall be separately connected to a waste stack or branch drain.
(c) Water Supply Required . All food-waste grinder units shall be provided with an
adequate supply of cold water from faucets at sufficient flow rate to insure proper
functioning of the unit.
(d) Commercial Food-waste Grinders Required . All establishments summarized in
248 CMR 10.09(2)(a), (restaurants, cafeterias, hotels...) that are served by a municipal
sanitary sewer and can seat 20 patrons or more shall incorporate food waste grinders.
(9) Drinking Fountains .
(a) Design and Construction . A drinking fountain shall conform to the listed ANSI standard
in 248 CMR 10.06: Table!.
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 150
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
(b) Protection ofWater Supply . Stream projectors shall be assembled to provide an orifice
elevation as specified by ANSI Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems and ANSI Backflow
Preventers. See 248 CMR 10.06: Table 1.
(10) Floor/Trough Drains ,
(a) Floor/Trough Drains .
1 . Floor/Trough drains shall have integral or separate traps providing a minimum water
seal of three inches. The Floor/Trough drain shall incorporate removable strainers.
2. The Floor/Trough drain shall be constructed so that it can be readily cleaned, and the
drain inlet shall be easily accessible at all times.
3. Floor/Trough drains subject to backflow shall be provided with back water valves.
4. Size of Floor/Trough Drains . Floor/Trough drains shall be of a size to serve
efficiently the square foot floor area to be served or the purpose for which they are
intended. The Floor/lVough drain outlet pipe shall not be less than two inches in nominal
diameter.
5. Proper Installation and Protection Against Loss of Trap Seal .
a. The design and installation of floor drains and trough drains shall be at a grade
to enable complete floor drainage from all directions.
b. All floor drains and trough drains shall be installed with a, readily accessible
automatic trap-priming device, except that floor drains or trough drains that will
receive a continuous or semi-continuous discharge from other indirect waste
fixture(s) pursuant to 248 CMR 10.12 may be allowed by the Inspector.
6. Special Hazardous Wastes . Floor drains that may receive special hazardous waste
shall comply with 248 CMR 10.13.
(11) Dishwashing Machines .
(a) Waste Discharge .
1. Domestic . The waste discharge shall comply with 248 CMR 10.08(1 )(a)(2)(d).
2. Corrunercial . Cormnercial dishwashing machines that discharge by gravity shall be
indirectly connected, except when the machine is located above or within five feet of a
trapped floor drain, the waste may be connected directly to the inlet side of a properly
vented floor drain trap.
3. Conunercial . Dishwashing machines thatincorporate drainage discharge by pumping
shall discharge waste to the sanitary drainage system in accordance with the
manufacturer's reconamendations.
(b) Portable Dishwashers . Portable dishwashing machines (domestic) may discharge over
the rim of a properly trapped and vented fixture.
(12) Automatic Clothes Washing Machine .
(a) Water Supply . The water supplies to clothes washers shall be protected against
backflow by the use of an air gap or a back flow preventer.
(b) Waste Discharge .
1. Domestic Machines .
a. The waste from a clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a
laundry utility sink or standpipe.
b. The standpipe shall extend to a minimum height of 30 inches above the base of
the machine and shall not be less than I'/a inches in diameter.
2. Laundromats (CommerciaD . The minimum size of a trap and standpipe for
commercial clothes washing machines shall be not less than two inches in diameter, and
shall connect to a drain of sufficient size to receive the simultaneous discharge of 75%
of all clothes washing machines connected thereto.
(13) Multiple Type Lavatory (Wash SinkV Provided that hot and cold or tempered water for
hand washing is available for each 20 inch interval of a multiple use lavatory sink, every 20 inch
unit of usable length or circumference or of a straight-line or circular multiple use lavatory shall
be considered equivalent to one lavatory as it affects the drainage and water supply piping sizes
and fixture usage requirements.
3/11/05 248 CMR -151
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
(14) Garbage/Trash Receptacle Washers .
(a) Garbage/Trash receptacle washers shall be separately trapped and vented.
(b) The fixture receiving the waste from garbage/trash receptacles shall be provided
with a removable basket or strainer to prevent discharge of large particles into the
buildmg drainage system.
(c) Any water supply connection shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or
Product-approved backflow prevention device.
(15) Special Fixtures and Specialties . Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquaria,
ornamental fountain basins, fish tanks and similar constructed decorative water monuments when
provided with water supplies, shall be protected from back siphonage.
(16) Sacrarium.
a. The liquid discharge from a Sacrarium shall be conducted separately and directly to
a dryweJI in the ground, and shall not be used for any other drainage purpose.
b. In no case shall the waste from a Sacrarium be connected to the building storm
drainage, or sanitary drainage waste and vent system.
c. The waste from a Sacrarium shall not be trapped or vented.
(17) Minimum Facilities for Dwellings . Whenever plumbing fixtures are installed, the
minimum number of each type of fixture shall comply with the requirements of 105 CMR
410.00; Minimum Standards of Fitness for Human Habitation (State Sanitary Code, Chapter
II, and shall conform with 248 CMR 10.02(6)(b).
(18) Minimum Facilities for Building Occupancy Other Than Residential .
(a) Application of Standards and Establishing Occupancy .
1. Applicability of Changes : the requirements set forth in 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table I: Minimum Facilities for Building Occupancy shall apply only to
plumbing system installation, alteration or extension projects in which the process of
designing the plumbing work to be performed begins on or after June 3, 1994.
2. When determining the number of plumbing fixtures after the population has been
established by the authority having jurisdiction, should a fraction occur, round up to next
fixture.
(b) Classification of Places of Assembly .
1. Assembly (Generan .
a. All places in which alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages ai'e sold, or offered for
sale, to be consumed on the premises; any room or space used for public or private
banquets, feasts, dances, socials, card parties, weddings or for lodge or meeting halls
or rooms; skating rinks, gymnastics, public swimming pools, billiard, pool, bowling,
and table tennis rooms; halls or rooms used for public or private catering purposes,
funeral parlors, recreation rooms; broadcasting studios; private clubs and all other
places of similar occupancy, shall be classified as general places of assembly.
b. Toilet facilities for each sex shall be provided in the amount specified in
248 CMR 1 0. 1 0( 1 8) : Table 1 for assembly.
2. Assembly (Dedicated) .
a. All places of worship, arenas, stadiums, theaters, cinemas, restaurants, pubs, and
nightclubs shall be classified as dedicated places of assembly and toilet facilities for
each sex male and female shall be provided in the amount specified in 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table J for dedicated assembly.
b. Where the capacity is more than 2,000 persons, the number of toilets for the first
2,000 persons shall be calculated using the ratios in 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table I.
For the number of persons in excess of 2,000, the number of toilets shall be
calculated at ratio of one per 100 for women and one per 200 for men.
c. In restaurants, pubs and nightclubs where the total combined number of
employees and patrons that can be accommodated at any one time is less than 20
individuals and the total gross space is less than 1,200 square feet, one unisex,
handicapped accessible toilet facility for use by both employees and the patrons shall
meet the minimum fixture requirements of 248 CMR.
3/11/05 248 CMR -152
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
3. Nothing in 248 CMR 10.10(18)(b)2.a. through c. shall apply to single or multiple
family dwellings, or to a place of incarceration or detention, a convent, or a monastery.
4. Plumbing fixtures for employees shall be included in 248 CMR 10. 10(18): Table 1
for this type of occupancy.
5. When the occupancy ratio of 50% for each sex is not used to define fixture counts,
the Inspector shall be notified in writing before construction begins, indicating the
occupancy of each sex for the purpose of establishing fixture amounts.
(c) Assembly (Places of Worship - Church. Synagogue etc.) .
1 . In no case shall there be less than one toilet and one lavatoi-y provided for each sex
to accommodate a congregation worship area.
2. Refer to 248 CMR 10.10(15) and' 10.10(16) for baptistery and Sacrarium
requirements.
3. For places of worship, which also have a function hall/multi-purpose area, the fixture
number requirements for the halls/areas shall be calculated separately.
4. If sufficient fixtures are installed to accommodate the total occupancy for the worship
area and the fixmres are located within 300 feet of toilet facilities in the same building
the requirements of 248 CMR 10.10(18)(c)l. and 248 CMR 10.10(1 8)(c)3. shall not
apply.
(d) Bathing Beach Toilet Facilities (Public) . When the occupancy of a beach area can
exceed 4,000, toilets for the capacity in excess of 4,000 shall be installed at the rate of one
per 1,000 for women, and one per 2,000 for men.
(e) Day Care Toilet Facilities .
1 . Refer to 102 CMR 7.00: Standards for the Licensure or Approval of Group Day Care
and School Age Child Care Programs (Office for Children), for requirements regarding
plumbing fixtures for this type occupancy.
2. Unisex toilet facilities (one toilet, and one lavatory) may be installed for children six
years of age or younger. 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table 1 shall apply where more fixtures
are required.
(f) Police Station Lockup/Detention Area Facilities .
1. A combination toilet and lavatory with a protective detention shroud shall be
provided in each cell in where a person is detained for any part of a 24 hour day.
2. The lavatoiy shall be connected to the hot and cold water distribution systems.
3. Where individual toilet facilities are not required by 248 CMR 10.lO(18)(f)l.,
fixtures shall be installed at the rate listed in 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table J for this type
occupancy.
(g) Dormitory Toilet Facilities .
1. Toilets in dormitory toilet facilities shall be of the elongated style and shall be
equipped with solid plastic non-porous seats of the open front type,
2. In a toilet facility that contains more than one toilet or a toilet and an urinal, each
toilet and urinal shall be separated by walls or partitions that will provide privacy.
3. Toilets, showers and lavatory facilities shall be accessible from within the building
and shall be placed so that passing through any part of another dwelling unit or room is
not required.
4. One laundry utility sink shall be installed for each 50 persons.
5. Toilet facilities, shower rooms and bathing rooms for males and females shall be
separate and so designated.
(h) Educational (School, College and University etc.) Toilet Facilities .
1. Each toilet facility shall have at least one lavatory except as provided by 248 CMR
I0.10(18)(h)2.
2. In kindergarten or primary grades, unisex toilet facilities may be installed for children
six years of age or younger. Lavatories may be installed in classroom areas or the toilet
rooms. 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table 1 shall apply where more fixtures are required.
3. In auditoriums and multipurpose rooms that will be used at any time for community
service, toilet facilities shall be provided as follows:
i. Women : one toilet for each 200 seats or majority fraction thereof
ii. Men : one toilet for each 600 seats and one urinal for each 200 seats or majority
fraction thereof.
3/11/05 248 CMR -153
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
Women and men's toilet facilities shall be located within 300 feet.
4. Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for teachers and other staff employees.
These toilet facilities shall be in addition to the requirements of 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table I, See Educational Use Group E (staff) for teacher occupancy toilet
facility requirements.
5. In addition to 248 CMR 10.10(18)(h) 4., there shall be separate toilet facilities for
kitchen (staff) employees, which shall comply with the requirements of 248 CMR
10.10(18)(i)l. through 3. and Table I, Educational Use Group E (staff) for kitchen
employee toilet facility requirements.
6. All secondary and post secondary schools that conduct sporting programs or physical
activities on the school premises or grounds and include a gymnasium where the
activities may be conducted shall provide separate men and women shower facilities to"
accommodate the students.
7. All schools, which incorporate vocational trade programs where students may happen
to become unclean due to work activities, shall comply with 248 CMR 10.10(18)(h)6.
8. Emergency Wash Stations ai'e required and shall be installed in the laboratory
classrooms of schools, college's and universities where flammable liquids and open
flame devices are used. See 248 CMR 10.13(1)(1)
(i) Employee Toilet Facilities for (Non-industrial) Establishments .
1. In each establishment where people are employed, there shall be separate toilet
facilities for male and female employees. The toilet facilities shall be located in the
tenant establishment and shall be plainly designated for male or females.
2. Toilet facilities in establishments referred to in 248 CMR 10.10(18)(j)l. within two
branch levels shall be acceptable. Toilet facilities shall not be required for mezzanines.
See 248 CMR 10.03: Mezzanine. In no case may a toilet facility be located more than
300 feet in developed direct distance away from the regular place of daily work activity
of any person for whose use it is required. Except where elevators accessible to the
employees are provided.
3. Unisex toilet facilities may be allowed if they meet the requirements of 248 CMR
10.l0(18)(m).
4. In business or commercial establishments (except industrial) that contain less than
1 ,200 gross square feet of floor area or do not have reasonable access (within 300 feet
and on the same floor) to core or common toilet facilities, one toilet room located within
the establishment provided with the number of fixtures according to the standard set forth
in 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table J for employee facilities, shall meet the minimum
requirement.
5. In every business or commercial establishment where only one person is employed
or works, there shall be one toilet and one lavatory for use by the tenant provided in the
establishinent or a core toilet facility shall be located within 300 feet of the tenant
establishment. Core or common facilities (defined in 248 CMR 10. 10(1 8)(i)4.), located
on the same floor as the establishment being serviced and having separate designated
male and female toilet facilities may be used to meet this requirement. The number of
fixtures in the core or common toilet facilities shall be in accordance with 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table 1 for employee toilet facilities (non-industrial).
6. Where core toilet facilities are peiTnitted and are in compliance with the occupancy
requirements as outlined in 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table 1 additional designated (male
and female) toilet facilities shall be permitted within the establishment. These fixtures
shall not be credited towards the fixture count requirements of 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table 1.
(j) Employee Toilet Facilities for dndustrial) Buildings .
1. In every industrial establishment, all toilet facilities, where such toilet facilities
include the number and type of plumbing fixtures, the floors, walls, windows, ceilings,
lighting, ventilation, doors, partitions, design and location of the toilet facilities, shall
comply with 454 CMR 2.00, Toilets in Industrial Establishments.
2. Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex and shall be plainly so
designated male and female. See 248 CMR 10.03: Mezzanine.
3/11/05 248 CMR -154
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
3. The number of toilets and lavatories shall be provided within reasonable access (as
defined in 248 CMR 10.l0(18)(j)4.) and in accordance with 248 CMR
10.10(18): Table 1 for industrial facilities.
4. Distance of direct access for industrial establishments requires that; in no case may
a toilet facility be located more than 300 feet in developed direct distance away from the
regular place of daily work activity of any persons for whose use it was designed. Except
where service elevators, accessible to the employees, are provided.
5. Each 20 linear-inches, or 18-inch circumference-inches of usable sink access will be
considered the equivalent of one lavatory.
6. In industries and manufacturing facilities with departments where there is excessive
exposure to substances or liquids or where the work performed may create dust and grit
conditions, one lavatory sink may be required for every five persons and in all cases, a
potable water supply of hot and cold water shall be provided.
(k) Medical and Health Care Building Toilet Facilities .
1. In all medical and health care buildings there shall be separate designated toilet
facilities on each floor for male and female patients and visitors.
2. The toilet facilities may be located in a. common or core area on each floor so long
as the toilet facilities are within 300 feet of all offices.
3. Accessibility to the toilet facilities shall be direct; it shall not require going from one
medical office through another for access to the toilet facilities.
4. Handicap toilet facilities ai-e required on each floor.
5. A minimum of one drinking fountain shall be installed for each set of toilet facilities.
(1) Covered Malls Toilet Facilities .
1 . In all covered malls there shall be separate designated public toilet facilities for male
and females. These toilet facilities shall be centrally located in the common core area on
each floor.
2. These facilities are in addition to the requirements of 248 CMR 10.10(18)(i)
regarding toilet facilities for male and female employees.
3. When the occupancy exceeds 9,000, toilets shall be installed at the rate of one per
1,500 for women and one per 3,000 for men. Lavatories shall be installed as lisied'in
248 CMR 10.10(18): TaWei.
(m) Handicap Toilet Facility Requirement . Facility for the physically handicapped person:
1. Plumbing fixtures shall be installed in conformance with 521 CMR 30.0: Public
Toilets (for fixture dimension requirements only),
2. When pubhc toilet facilities are to be installed, handicap plumbing fixtures shall
comply with the requirements of 248 CMR 10.10(l8)(m).
3. Unisex handicap toilet facilities may be allowed by the Board by the variance process
as outlined in 248 CMR 3.04(2):
a. A variance is not required if the fixtures in an existing or proposed men's and
women's toilet facility and the fixtures in a unisex handicapped toilet facility meet
theminimumfixturerequirementsof 248 CMR 10.10(18): Table 1. A unisex toilet
may be counted only one time toward the total minimum fixture requirements.
b. These toilet facilities shall be kept clear of obstructions at all times in accordance
with 105 CMR.
4. Wherever drinking fountains are provided, a drinking fountain shall accessible to the
physically impaired.
5. Additional sanitary facilities for the physically impaired; handicap toilet stalls placed
within a fully compliant 248 CMR. toilet facility may also provide an additional
accessible handicap lavatory within the toilet stall area. The lavatory placement shall
comply with the requirements of 52 1 CMR.
(n) Toilet Facilities General .
1 . Toilet facilities accessible to the public which have two or more toilets or urinals, or
two or more thereof in any combination, shall provide a floor drain equipped with an
automatic trap priming device and a valved hose connection equipped with a backflow
preventer. The hose connection is for the purpose of floor cleaning in the toilet facility.
2. Roor drains shall be installed in the vicinity of the urinal(s) and placed at a grade to
enable floor drainage to the floor drain from all directions.
3/11/05 248 CMR -155
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
3. Toilets for public use shall be of the elongated style and the seats shall be solid
plastic, non-porous and of the open front type. Refer to 248 CMR 10. 10(5)(a) through
(e).
4. When a urina](s) is provided in a toilet facility the floor areas one foot in front of the
urinal lip and one foot on each side of the urinal and the wall areas to four feet above the
finished floor surface, shall be protected by non-absorbent building products and
material. Wood and fiber boards are prohibited in these areas. Refer to 248 CMR
10.10(7)(c).
5. In a toilet facility with more than one toilet, or with a toilet and a urinal, each toilet
shall be enclosed. Each urinal shall be side shielded for privacy.
6. When two or more urinals are required, a shield shall be provided between urinals,
(o) Laundries . Laundry facilities requirements. A washing machine connection that
consists of a piping arrangement that includes a cold water supply, hot water supply and a
sufficient drain connection shall be provided in conformance with the following:
1. One and Two Family Dwelling : At least one washing machine connection.
2. Multiple Dwellings :
a! Non-elderiv Housing : In multiple dwellings that are not restricted to the elderly,
one washing machine connection for every ten dwelling units, or fraction thereof.
b. Elderly Housing : In housing that is restricted to the elderly, one washing machine
connection for every 20 dwelling units or faction thereof.
c. The washing machine connection shall be located so that each occupant in the
dwelling has access to the washing machine that may be affixed to the washing
machine connection.
(p) Urinals .
1. Urinals may be substituted for toilets where indicated in 248 CMR 10.10(19): Table
1 are listed by percentage.
2. Urinals listed for elementary, secondary, post secondary and industrial
factory/warehouse are in addition to the toilets required.
3. When urinals are used at least one shall be set for handicapped use.
(q) Bathroom Group Defined , a bathroom group shall consist of one bath tub or shower
stall, one toilet, and one lavatory.
3/11/05 248 CMR -156
10.10: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Table 1: Minimum Facilities For Building Occupancy.
(*Optional by owner)
Building Clarification
Use
Group
Toilets
Urinals
Males
Lavatories
Each Sex
Drinking
Fountain
Bath/
Show.
Other
Fixtures
Pertinent
Regulations.
248 CMR
10.10(19)
Females
Males
Theaters
A-1
1 per 30
1 per 60
50%
1 per 100
1 per 1000
1 service
sink per
floor
(b).(i)l.,(m),
(n). (p)
Nightclubs, Pubs
A-2
1 per 30
1 per 50
50%
1 per 75
(b). (m), (n), (p)
Restaurants
A-3
1 per 30
1 per 60
50%
1 per 200
(b), (m), (n), (p)
Hall, Museums, Libraries Etc.
A-3
1 per 50
1 per 100
50%
1 per 200
(b),(i)l..(m).
(n), (p)
Coliseums, Aj-enas
A-3
1 per 30
1 per 60
50%
1 per 150
(b),(i)l.,(m).
(n). (p)
House of Worship
A-4
1 per 50
1 per 100
50%
I per 200
(b). (c), (m),
(n). (p)
Stadiums Etc.
A-5
1 per 30
1 per 60
50%
1 per 150
(i)l.,(m),(n),
(P)
Pool
A-5
1 per 40
bathers
1 per 40
bathers
33%
1 per 60
bathers
At least
one source
1 for
every 40
bathers
(i)l.,(ni),(n),
(p). See 105
CMR for bather
load.
Bathing (Public Beaches)
1 per 200
1 per 500
33%
1 per 1000
1 per
1000
1 Service
Sink
(d). (m). (n), (p)
Day Care Facility (Child)
E-I-3
1 per 20
1 per 20
1 per 20
I Service
Sink
(e), (tn), (n)
(Staff)
N/A
1 per 20
I per 25
33%
1 per 40
(i), (m), (n). (p)
Detention Facility (Detainee)
1-3
1 per 6
1 per 8
33%
1 per 6
1 per 8
(f). (m). (p)
(Staff)
N/A
1 per 20
1 per 25
33%
1 per 40
(i), (m), (n), (p)
Dwellings (Single)
R
One Bathroom Group and One Kitchen Sink
(0), (q)
(Multiple)
R
One Bathroom Group and One Kitchen Sink per Unit
(0). (q)
(Hotel/Motel)
R
One Bathroom Group per Unit
(m). (q)
(Dormitories)
R-2
1 per 6
1 per 8
33%
1 per 8
1 per 8
1 Service
Sink per
Floor
(g), (m), (n). (p)
Educational (Kindergarten)
E
1 per 20
1 per 20
1 per 20
1 per 75
1 Service
Sink Per
Floor
(h), (i). (m). (n),
(P)
(Elementary)
E
1 per 30
1 per 60
1 per 60
1 per 60
1 per 75
(Secondary)
E
1 per 30
1 per 90
I per 90
1 per 90
1 per 75
(Post Secondary)
E
1 per 90
1 per 180
1 per 180
1 per 1 80
1 per 75
StafO
E
1 per 20
1 per 25
33%
I per 40
Employee (Non-Industrial)*
1 per 20
1 per 25
33%
1 per 40
1 per 15*
1 Service
Sink per
Floor
(i), (m), (n), (p)
3/11/05
248 CMR - 157
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.10: continued
Building Clarification
Use
Group
Toilets
Urinals
Males
Lavatories
Each Sex
Drinking
Fountain
Bath/
Show.
OUier
Fixtures
Pertinent
Regulations.
248 CMR
10.10(19)
Females
Males
Employee (Industrial Factory/
F
1 per 15
1 per 20
1 per 40
1 per 30
1 per 15
(j), (m), (n), (p)
Warehouse and Similar Usage
Institution
Hospital (Private/Senii)
I
1 per Room
Nursing Homes:
1 toilet and 1
lavatory with direct
access from each
bedroom (shared
by 8 beds max),
can be unisex.
1 per Room
1 Per each
set of rest-
rooms
1 per 15
(in ICU)
1 per 12
(inpatient
facilities
other
than
ICU)
1 per 6
patients
(Psychi-
atric
Hosp.)
1 per 8
(Rehab
facility)
1 Service
Sink
Per
Floor
(i). (m), (n)
Nursing Homes (Ward)
1 per 8
1 per 10
33%
1 per 10
1 per 15
1 Service
(i), (m), (n). (p)
Malls (Covered)
M
I per 750
I per
50%
1 per 2000
1 per 2000
(i), (1), (m), (n),
1500
(P)
Medical/Health Care Building
B
1 per 45
1 per 55
50%
1 per 200
1 Per each
1 per
(i), (k). (m), (n).
set of rest-
each set
Sink
(P)
rooms
of rest-
rooms
Per
Office Buildings
B
1 per 20
1 per 25
33%
1 per 50
1 per Floor
(i). (m). (n). (p)
Retail (Mercantile)
M
1 per 20
1 per 20
33%
1 per 40
Floor
(i), (m), (n), (p)
Waiting Rooms (Airports,
A
1 per 35
1 per 75
50%
1 per 200 .
1 per 500
(b). (m), (n). (p)
Railroad and Bus Stations)
( 1 9) Funeral Establishment Preparation Rooms . Funeral establishment preparation rooms shall
comply with the provisions of 239 CMR 3.07.
(a) The preparation room of a Funeral establishment shall be provided with a floor drain and
flooring that is compliant with 239 CMR 3.07(3).
(b) The preparation room shall include a flushing rim sink and the preparation room shall
be protected by proper backflow devices.
(c) An additional reduced pressure zone backflow preventer shall be installed on the water
distribution system to the building at the outlet side of the meter or main control valve.
(d) Emergency Wash Stations shall be installed and be compliant with the provisions of
239 CMR.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 158
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.11: Hangers and Supports
(1) General . Piping shall "be installed with provisions, when necessary, for expansion,
contraction or structural settlement.
(2) Material . Hangers, anchors, and supports shall be of metal or other material of sufficient
strength to support the piping and its contents, except that piers may be of concrete, brick, or
other Product-Approved material.
(3) Attachment to Building . Hangers and anchors shall be securely attached to the building at
sufficiently close intervals to support the piping and its contents.
(4) Intervals of Supports .
(a) Vertical Piping . Vertical pipe of the following materials shall be supported at not more
than the following distance intervals:
1. Cast iron soil pipe -- at base and at each story height.
2. Threaded pipe (SPS) -- every other story height.
3. Copper tubing - at each story height but not more than ten-foot intervals.
4. Plastic (PVC and ABS) pipe at each story height, but not more than ten foot intervals
and elsewhere as required to maintain proper alignment.
5. Stainless steel tubing at each story height, but not more than ten foot intervals.
6. Aluminum DWV — at each height, or at intervals not exceeding ten feet.
(b) Horizontal Piping . Horizontal pipe of the following materials shall be supported at not
more than the following distance intervals.
1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe ~ five foot intervals except that where ten-foot lengths of cast
iron soil pipe are used, ten-foot intervals between supports are acceptable.
2. Threaded pipe — 12 foot intervals.
3. Copper tubing (114 inches or less) ~ six-foot intervals.
4. Copper tubing (IVi inches or over) - ten-foot intervals.
5. Plastic (PVC and ABS) pipe (I'/a inches or less) - three-foot intervals, (two inches
or over) — four-foot intervals, (Refer to 248 CMR 10.06(2)(o) and 248 CMR
10.06(2)(p).
6. Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing shall meet the following requirements:
a. the maximum hanger spacing is to be 32-inch intervals for all sizes;
b. the tubing is to be secured rigidly to studs or joist with hangers and supports that
enable adequate expansion and ease of movement;
c. Plumber shall consult the individual manufacturers recommendations for other
specific installation methods.
7. Stainless steel tubing at each story height, but not more than ten foot intervals.
8. Stainless Steel Tubing (114 inches or less) " six-foot intervals.
9. Stainless Steel Tubing (IVz inches or over) — ten-foot intervals.
10. Aluminum DWV pipe - ten foot intervals.
1 1 . CPVC pipe sizes one inch or less shall be supported at three-foot intervals and sizes
VA and greater shall be supported at four-foot intervals.
(5) Base of Stacks .
(a) Bases of cast iron stacks shall be supported on concrete, brick laid in cement mortar,
metal brackets attached to the building, or by other methods approved by the Inspector.
(b) Other piping material shall be so anchored as to take the load off the stack at the base.
(6) Piping in Masonry .
(a) Piping which is installed in and parallel to the faces of reinforced concrete or masonry
walls shall be installed in adequately sized pipe space chases formed in the concrete or
masonry walls.
(b) The pipe chase spaces shall be accessible, or the piping shall be otherwise installed free
of the reinforced concrete or masonry.
3/11/05 248 CMR- 159
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.12: Indirect Waste Piping
(1) Indirect Wastes Required .
(a) Food Handling Establishments .
1. Food handling establishments engaged in the storage, preparation, selling, sei-ving,
processing, or in any manner the handling of food shall provide: indirect waste piping for
refrigerators, refrigerator coils, walk-in freezers or coolers, ice compartments, ice making
machines, steam kettles, steam tables, potato peelers, egg boilers, coffee urns, coffee,
soda and beverage trays and all similar types of enclosed equipment.
2. Dishwashing pre-rinse sinks installed in combination with a commercial dishwasher,
pot sinks, scullery sinks and other sinks are excluded from the indirect waste requirement
and shall be directly connected to the sanitary drainage system.
3. Single compartment culinary/produce sinks or individual culinary/produce sink
compartments specifically designated and Habeled for produce preparation shall convey
the waste from these fixtures or compartments indirectly to a properly trapped and vented
floor sink. The produce preparation compartment shall be authorized and approved by
the Local Board of Health or other designated municipal health official.
4. The produce preparation label must be a laminated sign with letters two-inches in
height that reads: "This Compartment ONLY Is Designated For Produce Preparation."
5. All indirect waste shall discharge through an air gap or air break into a properly
trapped and vented receptor except that an air gap is required where the indirect waste
pipe may be under vacuum (less than atmospheric pressure).
(b) Connections from Water Distributions System . Indirect waste connections shall be
provided for drains, overflows, or relief lines from the water distribution system by means
of an air gap.
(c) Sterilizers . Appliances, devices, or apparatus such as stills, sterilizers and similar
equipment requiring waste connections and used for sterile materials shall be indirectly
connected by means of an air gap.
(d) Drips or Drainage Outlets . Appliances, devices or apparatus not regularly classed as
plumbing fixtures but which have drips or drainage outlets, may be drained by indirect waste
pipes discharging into an open receptacle through either an air gap or air break.
(e) Clear Water Wastes .
1 . Expansion tanks, fire sprinkler systems, air conditioning equipment, drip or overflow
pans, or similar devices that waste clear water only, shall discharge waste into the
building storm drainage system. The clear water waste shall discharge through an
indirect waste by means of an air gap, except:
2. The waste discharge from safe waste pans serving water heaters or hot water storage
tanks is exempt from this requirement and may discharge to a properly trapped and
vented fixture by means of an air gap to the sanitai7 drainage system.
3. Clear water condensate waste that is produced in cumulative amounts of 12.5 gallons
per hour or 300 gallons per day or less in buildings by air conditioning equipment, air
compressor blow-down dischai-ge (free of petroleum hydrocarbons) or other similar
apparatus or appliances may be discharged to the sanitary drainage system in accordance
with 248 CMR 10.12(l)(a)5. The clear water waste requirement is not withstanding any
local ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation to the contrary.
(f) Swimming Pools .
1. Pipes that convey waste water from swimming or wading pools including pool
drainage, back wash from filters, water from scum gutter drains or floor drains which
serve walks around pools, shall be installed as an indirect waste.
2. Circulation pumps may be utilized to lift waste water when the indirect waste line is
below the sewer grade.
3. The indirect waste shall discharge into the storm drainage system through an air gap.
4. All indirect waste from swimming pools shall be free of chlorine prior to discharge
to the storm drainage system.
(g) Pressure Tanks. Boilers and Relief Valves . The drains from pressure tanks, boilers,
relief valves and similar equipment when connected to the storm drainage system shall
discharge through an indirect waste by means of an air gap.
3/11/05 248 CMR -160
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
10.12: continued
(h) Safe Waste Required .
1 . A safe waste pan shall be installed under a water heater or hot water storage tank that
is installed in a position elevated above any occupied space.
2. The safe waste pan shall be installed under water heaters and hot water storage tanks
where there is occupancy below and shall be piped indirectly to a properly trapped and
vented fixture.
3. The Minimum size waste pipe is to be IVi-inch pipe.
4. Where floor drains and other acceptable points of indirect discharge are installed, no
safe waste shall be required.
(i) Safe Waste Pans .
1. Safe waste pans shall be at least two inches deep and have a minimum clearance of
two inches around the base of the hot water storage tanks.
2. Safe waste pans shall be installed for hot water storage tanks that are six gallons in
capacity or larger. 5eg 248 CMR 10.22: F/gure y-i^.
(j) Materials for the Discharge Piping of Safe Waste Pans . Materials shall comply with
materials covered under 248 CMR 1 0.06 relating to commercial and residential installations.
(2) Air Gap or Air Break Required . All indirect waste piping shall discharge into the building
sanitary or storm drainage system through an air gap or air break, as set forth in 248 CMR
10.l2(l)(a)5. and in no instance shall the indirect waste be trapped ahead of the air gap or air
break.
(a) Methods of Providing an Air Gap . The air gap between the indirect waste and the
building sanitary or storm drainage system shall be at least twice the effective diameter of
the drain served and shall be provided by one of the following methods:
1. To a Receptor :
a. Extend the indirect waste pipe to an open, accessible individual waste sink, floor
drain, or other fixture which is properly trapped and vented.
b. The indirect waste shall terminate a sufficient distance above the flood level rim
of the receiving fixture to provide the required air gap, and shall be installed in
accordance with 248 CMR 10.00.
2. To the Inlet Side of Trap : Provide an air gap in the drain connection on the inlet side
of the trap which receives the waste from the indirect waste.
(b) Methods of Providing an Air Break . When an air break is required between the indirect
waste and the building sanitary or storm drainage system, the distance to which the outlet of
the indirect waste pipe extends below the flood level rim of the receptacle into which it is
discharging shall be prescribed in 248 CMR 10.00.
(3) Receptors or Sumps .
(a) Installation . Indirect waste receptors and sumps serving indirect waste pipes shall not
be installed in toilet facilities or in any location that is an inaccessible or unventilated space
such as a closet, storeroom or crawl space.
(b) Cleanout Location . If the indirect waste receptor is set below floor level, it shall be
equipped with a running trap adjacent thereto with the trap cleanout brought level with the
floor.
(c) Strainers and Baskets . Every indirect waste receptor shall be equipped with a readily
removable metal basket over which all indirect waste pipes shall discharge, or the indirect
waste receptor outlet shall be equipped with a beehive strainer not less than four inches in
height.
(d) Splashing to be Prevented . All plumbing receptors receiving the discharge of indirect
waste pipes, shall be of a design and capacity so as to prevent splashing or flooding of the
adjacent area.
(e) Domestic or Culinary Fixture Prohibited as Receptors . No plumbing fixture which is
used for domestic or culinary purposes shall be used to receive the discharge of an indirect
waste pipe, except that in a residence a kitchen sink is acceptable for use as a receptor for
dishwashers and portable clothes washing machines.
(f) The Stand Pipe Receptors . The stand pipe receptor for an automatic clothes washing
machine shall be installed in one of the following ways:
3/11/05 248 CMR. 161
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.12: continued
1. The stand pipe receptor sliall be individually trapped and vented.
2. The stand pipe shall be no more than 30 inches nor less than 18 inches above its trap
and in no case shall the trap be installed below the floor.
3. The stand pipe receptor shall be installed in the cover of a floor drain provided that
the cover is properly tapped to receive the stand pipe.
4. The floor drain or trench drain shall be sized based on the discharge rate of the
automatic clothes washer.
(4) Condenser Sumps .
(a) No steam condenser waste pipe shall directly connect to any part of a sanitary or storm
drainage system, nor shall any water above 150°F be discharged into any part of a sanitary
or storm drainage system.
(b) Steam condenser piping may require temperature control by discharging to an approved
boiler blow-off tank. Steam condenser piping shall be connected by dischai-ging into an
indirect waste receptor connected to the sanitary drainage system.
(5) Installation of Indirect Waste Piping .
(a) Accessibility . Indirect waste piping shall be installed so as to enable ready access for
flushing, cleaning, or replacement.
(b) Material. Slope. Sizing, and Approval .
1 . The piping material to be used, its size and the slope at which it is installed shall meet
the requirements of 248 CMR 10.00.
2. Any fixture or piece of equipment to be indirectly wasted that has a waste outlet
smaller than VA inches in diameter shall be connected to an indirect waste pipe one size
larger than said outlet.
(c) Indirect Waste Piping Described .
1 . Individual Indirect Waste . An indirect waste which connects to one waste outlet and
extends to the receiver shall be classified as an Individual Indirect Waste.
2. Indirect Waste Main . An indirect waste which connects to more than one waste
outlet and extends to the receiver shall be classified as an Indirect Waste Main.
3 . Indirect Waste Branch Main . A branch from an indirect waste main which connects
to more than one waste outlet shall be classified. as an Indirect Waste Branch Main.
4. Indirect Waste Branch . An indirect waste which connects to one waste outlet and
extends to either an indirect waste main or an indirect waste branch main shall be
classified as an Indirect Waste Branch.
(d) Traps .
1 . Prohibited . A trap shall not be installed on an indirect waste main or on an indirect
waste branch main.
2. Where Allowed . On any indirect waste branch or individual indirect waste where it
is necessary or desirable to prevent the flow of air from inside the indirect waste piping
through the indirect waste branch.
(e) Air Circulation Through Indirect Waste Piping .
1 . Provision shall be made so that air can circulate freely through an individual indirect
waste, an indirect waste main or an indirect waste branch main.
2. Only an indirect waste branch may be trapped and when the trapping of indirect waste
branch or branches will interfere with the free flow of air through the indirect waste main
or branch main, additional ventilation outlets shall be provided to enable the free flow
of air.
3. An indirect waste stack receiving the discharge from fixtures on two or more floors
shall be extended to the outer air as required for a stack vent.
(6) Multiple Occupancy .
(a) When a system of indirect waste piping serves buildings or premises having more than
one tenant occupancy, it shall be designated as a "Central Indirect Waste System" and
connection to it from separate tenant occupancies shall be designated as "Separate Indirect
Waste Systems."
3/11/05 248 CMR- 162
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.12: continued
(b) Separate indirect waste systems shall be connected to "Central Indirect Waste Systems"
as follows:
1 . The indirect waste branch to a separate occupancy shall be trapped, and this trap shall
serve as a secondary indirect waste receiver for the separate indirect waste system.
2. The indirect waste branch to a separate occupancy may be from a horizontal indirect
waste main or branch main, or from an indirect waste stack.
(c) Secondary Indirect Waste Receivers .
1 . Traps serving secondary indirect waste receivers shall be protected from siphonage
by adequate individual battery of stack vents.
2. Vents on indirect waste piping systems shall not be connected to the vents of any
other piping system but shall be extended separately to the outer air as required for stack
vents.
10.13: Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes
(1) General .
(a) In no case shall special hazardous wastes discharge into the plumbing system without
being thoroughly diluted, neutralized, or treated by passing through a properly constructed
and acceptable diluting or neutraUzing device.
(b) The required diluting or neutralizing device shall be automatically provided with a
sufficient intake of diluting water or neutralizing medium so as to make its contents
non-injurious before being discharged into the drainage system.
(c) All plans and specifications for special hazardous waste piping and treatment systems
shall be prepared by a registered professional engineer and shall be submitted to the local
Inspector.
(d) Systems requiring special consideration by the engineer are those handling organisms
containing recombinant DNA molecules, radioactive, nuclear, solvents and perchloric
wastes.
(e) When required, the plans, specifications, and other pertinent data, as requested, shall be
? submitted by the designer to the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or other
authorities for their review and approval.
(f) Permits shall be applied for on the basis of plans approved under 248 CMR 10.13(l)(c)
and inspections shall be conducted for the work described in 248 CMR 10. 13 in accordance
with the requirements noted in 248 CMR 10.13.
(g) All special hazardous wastes shall be conveyed in separate piping systems
(h) 248 CMR 10.13 shall include, but shall not be limited to, all special hazardous wastes
such as organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules, chemical, nuclear, radioactive,
deionized liquids, acids, perchloric, solvents and alkalines from laboratories and industrial
activities.
(i) Nuclear or radioactive waste treatment and/or disposal shall conform to the standards of
the Nuclear Regulatory Conunission, N.R.C.
(j) Color Marking requirements:
1. Lines conveying special hazardous wastes shall be painted yellow.
2. This requirement may be met by painting three inch wide bands at intervals of not
more than 25 feet and at points where piping passes through walls, floors and roofs,
in which case the bands shall be applied to the piping on both sides of the walls and
both above and below the floor or roof,
3. Snap-on bands marked "special hazardous wastes" may be used and spaced as
described herein for painted bands.
4. Points of outlet for special hazardous wastes shall also be color-coded yellow,
(k) Special hazardous waste of material treatment and/or disposal shall be conducted in
conformance with 310 CMR 30.00: /ir(2Z(3r(io?j Wsj/i? (DEP) and local bylaws.
(1) Emergency Wash Systems shall meet the following requirements: .
1. The systems shall be required in every school, college, university, or building
laboratory newly constmcted or renovated, or any room used for similar purposes
wherein:
a. corrosive or flammable liquids are handled;
b. chemicals are stored or used; or
3/11/05 248 CMR -163
10.13: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
c. where open flame devices are used.
2. The systems shall include Drench/Deluge Showers, Hand Held Body/Face washers
and Deck Mounted Drench Hoses.
3. The permanently mounted showers shall be located as close to the main door of the
laboratory as possible (to provide, escape route), but shall not be located greater than 50
feet from an experimental area.
4. The permanently mounted shower shall be capable of discharging a continuous spray
at a rate of 30 Gallons Per Minute.
5. The systems shall be tempered to between 70°F and 90°F and be installed in a
manner that prevents the stagnation of water in the piping that supplies permanently
mounted showers and face/eye wash stations.
6. An exception to the tempered water requirement is: in existing buildings where
tempered water is inaccessible, cold potable water shall be permitted with prior
permission of the fire prevention safety officer and Inspector.
7. Existing laboratories shall be compliant with the most recent provisions of 527 CMR
10.02(2): Fire Extinguishers from the Board of Fire Prevention Regulations.
SECONDARY (optional)
All items 1 - 8 Primary
Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
(2) Product-approved Materials: Fixtures and Piping Systems .
(a) List of Fixture Materials .
PRIMARY
1. High silicon (14.5% cast iron) A.
2. Polypropylene B
3. Polyethylene
4. Glass
5. Chemical stoneware
6. Stainless Steel Type #316-18-8
7. Chemical resistant monolith epoxy resins
8. Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)
(b) All materials listed in 248 CMR 10. 13(2)(a) shall be installed and joined in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendation and 248 CMR 10. 11.
(c) Pipes shall be furnished in straight lengths and each length shall be marked with the
manufacturer's name and the type of material.
(d) For applicable material standard, refer to 248 CMR 10.06.
(3) Installation Methods for Special Hazardous-waste Piping : Installation for special
Hazardous-waste piping shall conform to 248 CMR 10.13(3): Tables 1 and 2:
248 CMR 10.13(3): TABLE 1
PIPE AND FITTINGS PRIMARY
Materials
Joining Methods
Above
Ground
Below
Ground
High Silicon cast iron
Acid Resistant Packing with caulked
lead joint or Mechanical Clamp
Yes
Yes
""'Glass Pipe
Mechanical Clamp
Yes
Yes
(a)(c)
Polypropylene Sch. 40 or 80
Heat Fusion
Yes
(b)(e)
Yes
(e)
Polypropylene Sch. 40 or 80
Mechanical Joints Clamp or Flange
Yes
(b)(d)(e)
Yes
(c)(e)
Polyethylene
Heat Fusion
Yes
(b)(e)
Yes
(e)
Polyvinylidene
Heat Fusion
Yes
(b)(d)
Yes
Polyvinylidene
Mechanical Joints
Yes
(b)(d)
No
3/11/05
248 CMR -164
10.13: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
(a) Buried glass pipe shall be sleeved with rigid foam casing.
(b) Shall be flame retardant above ground.
(c) Only stainless steel mechanical joint clamps or heat fusion joining method shall be used
underground.
(d) Flanges may be used above ground with proper gasket material for corrosive resistance
to the waste carried and compatibility with the piping material.
(e) I.P.S. threaded joints may be used on schedule 80 polypropylene, polyethylene.
248 CMR 10.13(3): TABLE!
PIPE AND FITTINGS SECONDARY
Material
Joining Methods
Above
Ground
Below
Ground
a. All items listed above for primary
all items listed above for primary
Yes
Yes
b. Poly Vinyl Chloride
Injection Bonding, Solvent cement,
Approved mechanical joints
Yes
Yes
(3) Vents Serving Special Hazardous Wastes . Vent pipes shall not be connected to vents of the
sanitary system but shall be extended through the roof with acid resistant pipe vents from
biomedical facilities and shall be designed in accordance with the NIH guidelines.
(4) The Design and Installation of New Special Hazardous Waste Systems Including Additions.
Renovations, Alterations or Revisions To Existing Systems .
(a) The owner shall submit a notarized letter stating the materials to be disposed of, or
discharged into the special hazardous waste system. This letter shall be attached to the plans
submitted per the requirements in 248 CMR 10.13(1), and will be the basis of the engineer's
design.
(b) The special hazardous waste system receiving the dischai-ge of corrosive liquids,
regardless of the size or number of fixtures, shall be installed separately from the other parts
of the building plumbing system.
(c) The waste shall terminate at a point ten feet beyond the outlet of the final treatment or
the inner face of the exterior foundation wall and shall be a minimum size of four inches.
(d) That portion of piping from the outlet of the neutralizing and treatment device to a point
ten feet beyond the inner face of the foundation wall shall be of a material that is Product-
approved specifically for special hazardous waste systems.
(e) Pumps that discharge special hazardous waste shall be constiaicted of pressure rated pipe
and fittings, and be of material compatible with Product-approved material specifically for
special hazardous waste systems.
(f) Pump wetted parts, pit lining, pit frames, and pit covers shall be constructed of materials
chemically resistant to the liquids being collected and discharged.
(g) Alternate design of a system, materials and/or termination points shall be considered
only where evidence is presented that the standard contained in 248 CMR 10.13(4)(a)
through (f) cannot reasonably be complied with. Before a permit may be issued, plans for
an alternative special hazardous waste system shall be submitted to the Inspector for review
and approval .
(5) Plumbing Layouts for Laboratory Sinks and Tables .
(a) General . The installation of waste and venting system for piping handling special
hazardous liquids shall be the same as sanitary waste and vent piping, except as modified in
248 CMR 10.13.
(b) Traps . A trap serving a fume hood or similar type piece of enclosed equipment may not"^
be used to serve another fixture outside the hood enclosure and more than one fume hood
may not be served by the same trap.
(c) Individual Venting of Traps .
I. Individual vents shall be provided whenever a battery waste and vent system is not
being used.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 165
10.13: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
2. When more than one fixture is served by a single continuous waste and vent, the
branch fittings to receive the discharge from traps need not be at the same elevation,
(d) Battery Systems of Waste and Vent Piping .
1 . The main horizontal branch drain shall be one pipe size larger than that required by
the fixture units connected to it. (Figure cup sinks as one fixture unit.)
2. Horizontal piping size three inches and smaller shall have a minimum slope of 14 inch
per foot.
3. In battery venting, the vent shall be connected to the drain between the last and
second last branches to fixture traps and a relief vent shall be connected to the main drain
between the waste stack and the first branch to fixture trap on all but the highest
connection to a stack.
4. Additional relief vents are required on battery systems of waste and vent piping when
the total number of traps served on any one main drain or branch main drain exceeds six,
and each additional rehef vent may serve from one to five additional traps.
5. Minimum size of relief vents shall be two inches.
6. Any branch from a main battery waste which has a separate trap vent may be
considered as a relief vent and every branch waste having a developed length exceeding
ten feet shall be individually vented.
7. The vent for a main battery waste shall be at least V2 the diameter of the horizontal
branch drain.
8. Floor drains may be connected to the horizontal main battery drain with traps below
the floor. In such cases:
a. the minimum size of the branch shall be not less than three inches;
b. the main branch to which the floor drain waste is connected need not be larger
dian the branch to the floor drain;
c. a separate trap vent is not required unless the developed length from the
centerline of the floor drain trap inlet exceeds 15 feet.
d. Floor drain traps shall be included in determining relief vent requirements.
6. Whenever the main horizontal branch of battery waste piping is below the floor on
which the fixtures occur, either a drum trap or a P trap may be used and a cleanout shall
be installed in the vertical waste above the floor. See 248 CMR 10.22: Figure 11.
(6) Sizing for Neutralizing Sumps
(a) The normal laboratory sink will produce on the average about ten gallons per hour of
affluent and this is the basis which should be used to size the neutralizing sump.
(b) The smallest size sump to be used should have a capacity of five gallons which will
handle a single laboratory sink or a cup sink.
(c) To size a sump for more than one sink, the following Table 3 should be used.
248 CMR 10. 13, TABLE 3
Maximum
Number of
Sinks Handled
Tank Capacity In Gallons
Mif\imum Inlet
Outlet and Vent Sizes
1
5
2
4
15*
2
8
30
3
16
55
4
25
100**
4
40
150
4
60
200
4
75
250
4
100
.350
4
150
500
4
"Sumps 15 gallons and larger shall be chamber vented.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 166
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FriTERS
10.13: continued
**When in the judgement of the professional engineer, a neutralizing tank is to be equipped with
a pH system, the pH system should be equipped with an audio-visual alarm. The regulatory
agency may also require an "outflow" recorder for pH. The alarm and recorder shall function
when the system is operating.
(c) The neutralizing materials to be used should be either:
1. For dilute acid waste water .
a. Limestone in pieces of one to three inches diameter size range must contain a
high calcium carbonate content in excess of 90%.
b. If the neutralizing medium selected is limestone, then its fill level must be from
the sump tank bottom to the invert of the inlet pipe.
2. For Acidic and Alkaline Waste . Caustic Soda (NaOH) and Sulfuric Acid (H^SO^)
or other neutralizing agents may be added through metering pumps to control the pH.
(d) Maintenance of Neutralizing Su rtips.
1. To insure the coaect operation of this system, it shall be inspected monthly (by
removing the cover, checking the level of limestone chips and adding chips if necessary)
and neutralizing materials be replaced or replenished as required.
2. A sign shall be stenciled on or in the immediate area of the sump in letters one inch
.high. This sign shall read:
IMPORTANT
"This sump must be inspected on a regular and frequent basis and the
neutralizing medium or agent replaced when necessary. Failure to do so will
result in serious damage to the piping system. "
(e) Materials of Sump s:
1. The following materials are Product- Approved by the Board:
a. High-Density Polyethylene***
b. Chemical Stoneware
c. Polypropylene
d. Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastic (FRP)***
e. Precast or poured in place concrete chambers with a liner resistant to the
hazardous waste being discharged,
f. The use of materials other than those specified above must be Product-approved
by the Board.
2. Sumps 15 gallons and larger shall be chamber vented.
3. When in the judgment of the professional engineer, a neutralizing tank is to be
equipped with a pH system, the pH system should be equipped with an audio- visual
alarm. The regulatory agency may also require an "outflow" recorder for pH. The alarm
and recorder shall function when the system is operating.
4. Sump material subject to distortion by heat or other factors, when in use, such as
Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastic, must be restrained or enclosed.
(f) Curbing Around Sumps . DEP standards require curbing around sumps above certain
sizes.
(7) Discharge of Waste Through Troughs .
(a) Laboratory furniture and casework which utilize troughs for the discharge of wastes
shall be independently trapped, wasted or vented unless the waste outlet is within 30" of a
properly wasted and vented sink.
(b) Where troughs or floor trenches are required to intercept floor spills, or are required for
tank or equipment drainage, the outlets from the trough or trenches shall be equipped with
acid resisting grating and lining and the system shall be trapped and vented as hereinbefore
specified.
' *Sump material subject to distortation by heat or other factors, when in use, must be restrained or enclosed.
3/11/05 248 CMR -167
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.13: continued
(8) pH Adjustment Tanks .
(a) Where it is inadvisable or impractical to install a neutralizing sump with either marble
or limestone chips to bring pH factor of waste materials up to neutral zone or where the pH
factor of anticipated wastes may vary from acid range through neutral zone and up into the
alkaline range a pH adjustment tank shall be provided.
(b) pH adjustment tanks may be installed for partial or entire building systems.
(c) pH adjustment tanks will consist of an acid/alkaline resisting tank, receiving wastewater
from one or more sinks. The tanks shall meet the following requirements: .
1. This tank is to be sized according to 248 CMR 10.13(6).
2. The tank is to have an agitator, which will operate when lab sinks and cup sinks or
other hazardous waste fixtures are in use.
3. The tank will also have a sensor, to detect the pH of tank contents, within a range of
two to 12 (alkaline), where the sensor shall be electrically connected to a control panel.
This control panel is to be connected to acid/alkaline pumps. Acid/alkaline pumps are to
be inserted into tanks containing neutrahzing agents to bring tank contents up from an
acid pH or down from an alkaline pH to a range of six to nine. The discharge of each
pump is to mn directly to the top of the adjustment tank. See schematic sketch in
248 CMR 10.13(8): FIGURE 1.
(d) When in the judgement of the professional engineer a neutralized tank is to be equipped
with a pH system, the pH system shall be equipped with an audio-visual alarm, which shall
function at all times the system is operating
(e) The regulatory agency may also require an "outflow" recorder for pH, which shall
function at all times the system is operating.
(f) Solvent bearing waste shall not be introduced into the building drainage system or sewer
but shall be disposed of according to the applicable regulations of the DEP, EPA or other
appropriate regulating agency.
(g) Acidic wastes shall be neutralized before being discharged into the building's drainage
system.
FIGURE 1
pH Controller
:pH, Recorder
Agitator
Liquid Level
Untreated
Waste
pH Adjustment System
(9) Recombinant D.N. A. Laboratory Wastes
(a) Viable organisms containing recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as defined in
the latest revision of the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving
Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH guidelines), except those qualifying as Good Large
Scale Practice (GLSP) organisms, shall not be introduced into the building drainage system
or sewers without first being sterilized, treated or inactivated as described in 248 CMR
10.13(9)(b)and(c).
3/11/05
248 CMR -168
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.13: continued
(b) In laboratories where both fermentation and purification take place, the waste for each
shall be treated by methods proven to be effective and appropriate for the specific type of
waste (as required by Massachusetts Law, 3 10 CMR 30.000: Hazardous Waste, and Water
Resource Commission, Risgulation of Waste into Sewerage Works) prior to their discharge
into the building's drainage system or sewer.
(c) Laboratory wastes, generated by biomedical research or production laboratories, which
contain viable recombinant DNA organisms not qualifying as GLSP organisms, shall be
sterilized or treated according to the regulations and standards of the National Institute of
Health (Recombinant DNA Guidelines and the Laboratory Safety Monograph) or the
applicable requirement of other agencies having jurisdiction. The owner of the laboratory
shall:
1 . submit the proposed treatment procedures to the registered professional engineer who
prepares the plans and specifications of the hazardous waste system;
2. submit the proposed treatment procedures to the relevant authorities, including the
Inspector; and
3. receive their approval prior to connection to the building's drainage system.
(d) Waste containing recombinant DNA organisms shall be:
1. Sterilized or treated at the point of origin or, where there is more than one point of
origin, these wastes may be collected in a central holding tank for sterilization and
treatment.
2. The holding tank is to have a sampling device and a high water alarm.
3. The alarm shall be activated when the tank's contents have reached a predetermined
level.
4. The sampling device is to consist of a pump or other device or means to transfer a
selected sample into the control area of the laboratory for verification that it contains no
living organisms.
5. When the sample contains no living organisms, the contents of the tank can then be
allowed to enter the sewer system. If the sampling process discovers live cells, the
contents of the tank shall be re-sterilized and re-tested before being allowed to enter into
the sewer. See reference cited below concerning "steam sterilization" and chemical
disinfection."
(e) Testing and Monitoring .
1. The adequacy of treatment methods as selected by an institution is to be monitored
on aperiodic basis.
2. Biomedical research or production laboratories shall maintain records indicating the
results of such testing.
3. In the event of a testing failure, the system is to be corrected immediately.
(f) Neutralizing charhbers, or tanks employing marble or limestone chips shall not be used
to adjust pH for wastes generated by biomedical research or production laboratories.
(g) Approved and recommended references for "steam sterilization" and "chemical
disinfection".
1. Laboratory Safety Monograph (A supplement to the NIH Guidelines of Health and
Human Services Section 1 l-E-8, Selecting Chemical Disinfectants in Recombinant DNA
Research, 102-105.
2. Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation 3rd Ed. Edited S. S. Bock, Lea and
Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983. (Part 1 Chemical and Physical Sterilization, Chapter 1
Sterilization by Heat.)
(10) Industrial Wastewater . When usage of either a neutralizing sump or a pH adjustment tank
would be inadequate to treat the industrial wastewater discharge and therefore not comply with
applicable regulatory limits on hazardous waste, an industrial wastewater treatment system shall
be designed by an engineer and plans and specifications shall be submitted to the Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) or other authorities as required.
(11) Secondary Containment .
(a) When a secondary containment system for hazardous waste is specified, it must be
installed by a licensed plumber in compliance with 248 CMR 10.13.
(b) The system must be able to withstand a ten-foot hydrostatic head pressure.
(c) The outer system shall be air tested to five P.S.I. G. for ten minutes. .
3/11/05 248 CMR -169
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FriTERS
1013: continued
(d) The gauge used shall be calibrated in increments no greater than 1/10 P.S.I.G.
(e) The system shall allow for thermal expansion and contraction, and inner and outer
piping support.
10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System
(1) Potable Water Supply .
(a) Buildings .
1. Every building equipped with plumbing fixtures and used for human occupancy or
habitation shall be provided with a potable supply of cold water in the amounts and at the
pressures specified in 248 CMR 10.14.
2. For permanent residences or buildings in which people are employed, hot water shall
be provided.
(b) Use of Non-potable Water Prohibited . Only potable water shall be accessible to
plumbing fixtures supplying water for:
1. drinking;
2. bathing;
3. culinary use; or
4. the processing of food, medical or pharmaceutical products.
(2) Water Service .
(a) The water service pipe shall be of sufficient size to furnish water to the building in the
quantities and. at the pressure required elsewhere in 248 CMR 10.00.
(b) It shall, in no case, be less than % inch nominal pipe diameter.
(c) Recommended methods for sizing the water semce pipe shall be the same as required
in 248 CMR 10.14(4): Designing and Sizing the Building Water Distribution System.
(3) Conservation of Water .
(a) Conservation of Hot Water .
1. Showers . Showers used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow
control devices to limit total flow to a maximum of 2.5 G.P.M. per shower head.
2. Lavatory faucets in public toilet facilities shall:
a. Limit the delivery of water to a maximum of .5 G.P.M. unless a metering faucet
is provided that limits delivery to a maximum of 0.25 gallons per metering cycle.
b. Be equipped or installed with devices which limit the outlet temperature to a
maximum of 11 0°F.
c. Metering faucets of any type are not required for toilet facilities designated and
used by employees only.
3. The maximum temperature of the domestic hot water in residential buildings shall
not exceed 130°F. Plumbing fixtures requiring higher temperatures for their proper use
and function, such as dishwashers and hot water dispensers shall be exempted from
248 CMR 10.14.
(b) Conservation of Cold Water for Toilets and Urinals .
1. Flushometer Toilets .
a. Flushometer toilets that are floor mounted or wall mounted shall be low
consumption toilets which use a maximum of 1.6 gallons (six liters) per flush.
b . Hushometer type urinals shall discharge a maximum of one gallon (3 . 8 liters) per
flush.
c. The Board may grant Product-approval to standard flushometer toilets and urinals
which do not meet the specific standards when, in the opinion of the Board the
configuration of the building drainage system requires a greater quantity of water to
adequately flush the system.
2. Tank Type Toilets .
a. All two-piece toilets shall be low consumption toilets, which use a maximum of
1.6 gallons (six liters) per flush.
b. In satisfaction of the requirements of 248 CMR 10. 14, the Board shall permit the
installation of tank-type toilets equipped with devices which are found by the Board
to meet applicable standards, in toilets having a tank capacity in excess of 1 .6 gallons
(six liters).
3/1 1/05 248 CMR - 170
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14; continued
3. All other toilets not covered in 248 CMR 10.14(3)(b)l. and 2. shall be low
consumption toilets that use a maximum of 1.6 gallons (six liters) per flush.
(4) Designing and Sizing the Building Water Distribution System ,
(a) Methods to Be Used .
1. The design of the building's hot and cold-water distribution system shall conform to
good engineering practices.
2. The methods used to determine pipe sizes shall be the procedure outlined in
Appendix "D" of the United States Public Health Service publication #1 038, or a system
designed by a registered professional engineer, using the computation outlined in
248 CMR 10.14(4); Tables ], 2, and 3. (Anexampleof the use of these tables is shown
following 248 CMR 10.14(4): Table 3: Capacity Values for Sei-vice, Mains, Risers
and/or Branches).
3. The minimum size of a fixture supply pipe shall be in accordance with 248 CMR
10.14(4): Table 1.
4. The size of fixture supplies, the building main and branch distribution piping may be
determined from 248 CMR 10.14(4): Tables 1, 2, and 3.
5. To size the hot and cold water main or distribution branches for a building, they shall
be computed on an individual basis.
6. A demand factor, as recognized in 248 CMR 10.14(4); Table 2 shall be applied to
determine the minimum diameter pipe size for the building main and water distribution
system piping.
7. Size of Fixture Supplies .
a. The minimum sizes of a fixture water supply pipe shall be as shown in 248 CMR
10.14(4); Table r. Minimum Sizes of Fixture Water Supply Lines and Factor Values.
b. The fixture water supply pipe shall be extended to within at least 30 inches of the
point of connection to the fixture.
TABLE 1
MINIMUM SIZES OF FIXTURE WATER SUPPLY LINES AND FACTOR VALUES
TYPE OF FIXTURE OR DEVICE
Nominal
Pipe Size
(inches)
Factor
Value
Bathtub (with or without single shower head)
1/2
2
Bidet
%
1
Drinking fountain
%
1
Dishwasher (Domestic)
Vz
2
Dishwasher (Commercial)
Va
6
Kitchen sink, Residential
V2
2
Kitchen sink, Commercial (Pot and Scullery)'
Va
6
Vegetable Prep or Bar Sink (Residential)
Vi
2
Hand Wash Sinks
%
1
Shampoo Sinks
%
1
Lavatory
%
1
Utihty Laundry Sinks 1, 2, or 3 compartments
>/2
2
Shower Valve (single head)
Vi
2
Shower Valve (Multiple heads)
Va
6
Sinks (service, slop)
V2
2
Sinks flushing rim
3/4
6
Laundry Valve
Vi
2
Urinal (flush valve type)
Va
6
Toilet (tank type)
%
1
Toilet (flush valve type)
1
12
Hose Connections/SillcocksAVall Hydrants
Vi
2
3/11/05
248 CMR- 171
10.14: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
TABLE 2
OCCUPANCY USE
DEMAND FACTORS
RESIDENTIAL
One ot Two Family Dwelling
0.50
Multi-residential
0.35
Hotel
0.70
SCHOOL
General
0.75
Shower Room
1.00
INSTITUTIONAL
General
0.45
ASSEMBLY
General
0.25
Restaurant, Cafe
0.70
Club House
0.60
BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE
General
0.25
Laundry
1.00
INDUSTRIAL
General, Exclusive of Process Piping
0.90
TABLES
CAPACITY VALUES FOR SERVICE, MAINS, RISERS AND/OR BRANCHES
Nominal Pipe or
Tubing Sizes
(inches)
Capacity Value
3/8
1
V2
1.1 to
4
V4
4.1 to
9
1
9.1 to
16.5
11/4
16.6 to
28
11/2
28.1 to
55
2
55.1 to
107.5
21/2
107.6 to
182.5
3
182.6 to
287.5
31/2
287.6 to
425
4
425.1 to
700
5
700.1 to
1100
6
1100.1 to
1300
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 172
10.14: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
8. Example: 248 CMR 10. 14(4); Tables 1, 2 and 3 are used to determine the size of the
cold water main for a one family residence having the following fixtures:
A
Two
Toilets (Tank type)
B
Two
Lavatories
C
One ,
Bathtub
D
One
Shower Stall
E
One
Utility Sink or Laundry Valve
F
One
Dishwasher (Domestic)
G
One
Kitchen Sink
H
Two
Wall Hydrants
FACTOR VALUES (248 CMR 10.14, from Table 1)
HOT
COLD
A
Two
Toilets (tank type) X 1
2
B
Two
Lavatories X 1
2
2
C
One
Bathtub
2
2
D
One
Shower Stall
2
2
E
One
Utility Sink or Laundry Valve
2
2
F
One
Dishwasher (Domestic)
2
G
One
Kitchen Sink
2
2
H
One
Wall Hydrant
4
TOTAL
12
16
= 28
a. 248 CMR 10.14(4): Table 2 indicates a Demand Factor of 0.50 for a Single or
Two family dwelling.
b. Multiplying the total Factor Value of 28 by the Demand Factor of 0.50 results in
a Capacity Value of 14.0
c. A Capacity Value of 1 4 is between 9. 1 and 1 6.5 in 248 CMR 10. 14(4): Table 3
and the related pipe size is equals to a one-inch diameter pipe.
(b) Prevent Water Hammer .
1. Installation and Design requirements .
a. All building water supply systems in which quick acting valves and solenoid
valves are installed shall be provided with devices to absorb high pressures resulting
from the quick closing of these valves.
b. These pressure-absorbing devices shall be air chambers that are provided with a
means for restoring the air to the device should the chambers become waterlogged,
or other Product-approved mechanical devices.
c. Water pressure absorbers shall be placed as close as possible to the quick acting
valves and shall be accessible for maintenance or replacement.
2. Pressure Absorbing Devices . A mechanical pressure absorbing device may be
installed:
a. at the ends of long pipe runs of pipe; or
b. connected to piping serving batteries of fixtures.
3. Mechanical Devices . Where mechanical devices are used, the manufacturer's
specifications shall be followed as to location and method of installation.
(c) Inadequate Water Pressure . Whenever water pressure from the street main, service or
other source of supply is insufficient to provide flow pressures at fixture outlets as required
under 248 CMR 10. 14(4)(f), a booster pump and pressure tank or other means in compliance
with 248 CMR 10.00 shall be installed on the building water supply system.
(d) Variable Street Pressures . Where street main pressures fluctuate, the building water
distribution system shall be designed for the minimum pressure available.
(e) Su pply Demand . The supply demand in gallons per minute in the building water
distribution system shall be determined on the basis of the load in terms of supply fixture
units and of the relationship between load and supply demand.
3/11/05
248 CMR -173
10.14: continued
(f)
248 CMR: BOAPO) OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
Minimum Pressures Required in Water Distribution System .
1 . Based on the minimum static water pressure available, pipe sizes shall be selected so
that under conditions of peak demand a minimum flow pressure at the point of discharge
shall not be less than that shown in 248 CMR 10.14(4): Table 4: Minimum Flow
Pressure and Flow Rates.
1 . In determining minimum pressures at the outlets, allowances shall be made for the
pressure drop due to friction loss.
TABLE 4
MINIMUM FLOW PRESSURE AND FLOW RATES
FIXTURE OR DEVICE
FLOW
PRESSURE
P.S.I.
FLOW
RATE
G.P.M.
Ordinary basin faucet
8
2
Self closing basin faucet
8
2.5
Sink faucet, % inch
8
4.5
Sink faucet, V2 inch
8
4.5
Bathtub faucet
8
6
Laundry Valve, V2 inch
8
5
Shower valves
8
3
Ball-cock for toilet
8
3
Flush valves for toilets (Wide rangd due
to variation in design and type of toilet)
15-20
15.35
Flush valves for urinal
15
15
Drinking fountains
15
0.75
Sillcock/wall-hydrant
10
5
(g) Excessive Water Pressure .
1 . When the municipal service or other water service source provides water to a
building that exceeds 80 P.S.I.G., a pressure reducing valve shall be installed in the water
main pipe at the point of water service entrance to the building. Tliis is to reduce the
water pressure to a maximum of 80 P.S.I.G. or less. This requirement does not apply
where the water service pipe supplies water directly to a water pressure booster system,
an elevated water gravity tank, or to pumps provided in connection with a hydro-
pneumatic or elevated gravity water supply tank system.
2. The Pressure at any fixture under no-flow conditions shall be limited to no more than
80 P.S.I.G.
(h) Return Circulation - Where Required . Hot water supply systems in buildings where
the developed length of hot water piping from the source of the hot water supply to the
farthest fixture supply exceeds 100 feet shall be:
1. of the total return circulation type; or
2. shall be maintained at the design temperature using a self regulating heating cable.
(5) Installing The Building Water Distribution System .
(a) Meter Valve .
1 . A gate valve or other full-port valve shall be installed in the water supply main on the
discharge side of each water meter.
2. The valve shall be not less than the size of the building water service pipe.
(b) Riser Valves .
1 . Except in single family dwellings, a valve shall be installed at the base of each water
supply riser.
2. In multistory buildings, a valve shall be installed at the top of each water supply that
is an upstream supply pipe from a booster system.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 174
- 248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14; continued
(c) Valves in Dwelling Units .
1 . If individual fixture valves are not installed in two-family or multiple family dwelling
units, one or more main control valves shall be provided so that the water to any unit may
be shut off without stopping the flow of water to other units.
2. These valves shall be readily accessible inside the unit controlled.
(d) Individual Fixture Valves .
1 . In buildings that are occupied other than residential dwellings, the water supply line
to each fixture or other piece of equipment shall be provided with a valve or a fixture
stop to shut off the water to the fixture.
2. All sillcocks, hose bibbs and wall hydrants shall be separately controlled by a shutoff
valve inside the building.
(e) Tank Controls . Supply lines from pressure or gravity tanks shall be provided with
valves at or near the tanks.
(f) Water Heating Equipment Valve . The cold-water branch to each hot water storage tank
or water heater shall be provided with a valve located near the equipment and above the top
of the tank.
(g) Valves to be Accessible .
1 . All water supply main control valves shall be placed so as to be accessible for service
and maintenance.
2. All concealed tub or shower valves shall be provided with renewable seats.
(h) Main Control Valve Design . Except for single fixture shutoffs, main control valves on
all water mains and branches, shall, when fully opened, have a cross sectional area not less
than the cross sectional area of the pipe (full-port) in which they are installed.
(i) Draining Systems . Drain cocks or valves should be provided at all low points of piping
so that every portion of the water piping system can be drained. A drain valve shall be
required near the meter or main control valve.
(j) Metering Devices with Check Valves .
1 . Where water meters or metering devices with check valves are installed, which can
create a potential hazard or nuisance due to thermal expansion, a thermal expansion tank
shall be installed as close as possible to the water meter or metering devices.
2. The thermal expansion tank shall be of adequate size and constructed of materials
approved in 248 CMR 10.06.
(k) Hose Connections .
1. Outside Hose connections, sillcocks or wall hydrants shall be installed in all
residential buildings no more than 100-feet apart.
2. In all commercial buildings, sillcocks and hose connections shall only be required in:
a. mechanical rooms;
b. mechanical penthouses; or
c. mechanical areas of similar use and nature.
3. A backflow preventer or vacuum breaker shall be installed on all sillcocks, hose
connections and wall hydrants including faucets that incorporate a hose thread outlet.
(1) Saddle Valves .
1. Saddle valves are prohibited in the water supply line.
2. No water supply line shall be tapped, burned, welded, or drilled, except that
mechanical devices that have been Product-approved by the Board which are designed
and engineered to create penetration in piping for specific joining methods may be used.
(6) Water-Pressure Booster Systems .
(a) Water Pressure Booster Systems Required . When water pressure in the public water
main or individual water supply system is insufficient to supply the probable peak demand
flow to all plumbing fixtures and other water needs freely and continuously with the
minimum pressures and quantities, specified in 248 CMR 10.14(4)(f) or elsewhere in
248 CMR 10.00- and in accordance with good practice, the rate of supply shall be
supplemented by:
1 . a gravity water tank;
2. a hydro-pneumatic pressure booster system; or
3. A pressure tank installed in accordance with 248 CMR 10.14(4)(c).
(b) Su pport . AH water supply tanks shall be supported in accordance with 780 CMR: The
Massachusetts State Building Code or local building commissioner.
3/11/05 248 CMR'- 175
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
(c) Covers .
1. All water supply tanks shall be covered to keep out unauthorized persons, dirt, and
vermin.
2. The covers of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return bend vent pipe having an
area not less than the area of the down feed riser pipe.
3. The vent shall be screened with coiTOsion resistant screen of not less than 16 x 20
mesh.
(d) Overflows for Water Supply Tanks .
1 . Each gravity or suction water supply tank shall be provided with an overflow having
a diameter not less than shown in 248 CMR 10. 14(6): Table 5: Sizes ofOveiflow Pipes
for Water Supply Tanks.
2. The overflow outlet shall discharge above and within not less than six inches of a
roof or roof drain, floor or floor drain or over an open water supplied fixture.
3. The overflow outlet shall be covered by a corrosion resistant screen of not less than
1 6 x 20 mesh to the inch and by Va inch hardware cloth or shall tenninate in a horizontal
angle seat check valve.
4. Drainage from overflow pipes shall be directed so as not to freeze on roof walkways.
TABLE 5
SIZES OF OVERFLOW PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY TANKS
Maximum Capacity of Water Supply
Line to Tank
Diameter of Overflow
Pipe (inches ID)
0-50 G.P.M.
2
51- 100 G.P.M.
21/2
101- 165 G.P.M
3
166- 355 G.P.M.
4
356- 640 G.P.M.
5
641- 1,040 G.P.M.
6
OVER 1,040 G.P.M.
8
(e) Low Pressure Cut-off Required on Booster Pumps . When a booster pump is used on a
water pressure booster system and the possibility exists that a positive pressure of ten
P.S.I.G. or less may occur on the suction side of the pump, there shall be installed a low
pressure cut-off on the booster pump to prevent the creation of a vacuum or negative pressure
on the suction side of the pump, thus cutting off water to other outlets.
(f) Potable Water Inlet Control and Location .
1 . Potable water inlets to gravity tanks shall be controlled by a ball cock or other
automatic supply valve so installed as to prevent the tank from overflowing.
2. The inlet shall be terminated so as to provide an accepted air gap but in no case less
than four inches above the overflow.
(g) Tank Drain Pipes . Each tank shall be provided at its lowest point with a valve and pipe
to permit emptying the tank which shall discharge as required for overflow pipes and not
smaller in size than shown in 248 CMR 10.14(6): Table 6: Sizes of Drain Pipes for Water
Tanks.
TABLE 6
SIZES OF DRAIN PIPES FOR WATER TANKS
TANK CAPACITY
(Gallons)
DRAIN PIPE
(hiches)
Up to 750
1
751 to 1,500
P/2
1,501 to 3,000
2
3,001 to 5,000
2^2
5,001 to 7,500
3
Over 7,500
4
3/11/05
248 CMR - 176
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
(h) Prohibited Location of Potable Supply Tanks . Potable water gravity tanks or manholes
of potable water pressure tanks shall not be located directly under any soil or waste piping,
(i) Pressure Tanks - Vacuum Relief .
1. All potable water pressure tanks shall be provided with a vacuum relief valve at the
top of the tank that will operate up to a maximum water pressure of 200 P.S.I.G and to
a maximum water temperature of 200°F.
2. Vacuum relief valves shall be sized according to the, following:
a. The relief valves shall have a cross sectional area at the valve seat that is not less
than one pipe size smaller than the cold water supply or the tank drain, whichever is
lai-ger.
b. The minimum size of the vacuum relief valves shall be '/2 inch.
c. Valves shall have a minimum Vi diameter orifice.
d. The air inlet opening on any vacuum relief valve shall not be smaller than the
nominal pipe size of the valve.
3. Vacuum relief valves may be installed in multiples.
(j) Pumps and Other Appliances . Water pumps, filters, softeners, tanks and all other
appliances and devices used to handle or treat potable water shall be protected against
contamination.
(7) Protection of Potable Water Supply .
(a) General . A potable water supply system shall be designed, installed and maintained in
such manner as to prevent contamination from non-potable liquids, solids, or gases from
being introduced into the potable water supply through cross connections or any other piping
connections to the system.
(b) Identification of Potable and Non-potable Water . In all buildings where dual water
distribution systems are installed, one potable water and the other non-potable water each
system shall be identified by color bands or metal tags.
1. Color Marking .
a. When color marking is employed, potable water lines shall be painted green and
non-potable water lines shall be painted yellow.
b. This requirement may be accomplished by painting three inch wide bands of
green or yellow at intervals of not more than 25 feet and at points where piping
passes through walls, floors and roofs. The colored bands shall be applied to the
piping on both sides of the walls and above and below the floor or roof penetrations.
Outlet locations, (the point of use) for non-potable water systems shall be marked
with a tag or color coded identification.
2. Metal Tags .
a. When tags are used, three-inch diameter metal tags bearing the legend SAFE
WATER in letters not less than Vz inch in height shall identify potable water lines.
b. Firmly attached metal tags having the shape of a four-inch equilateral triangle
bearing the legend WATER UNSAFE in letters not less than 7/16 inches in height
shall identify non-potable water supply lines.
c. As in the use of color bands, tags shall be attached to pipes at intervals of not
more than 25 feet and at either side of points where pipes pass through walls and
above and below points where pipes pass through floors or roofs.
(c) Cross Connection Control .
1 . Cross connections between potable water systems and other systems or equipment
containing water or other substances of unknown or questionable safety are prohibited;
except when and where, as approved by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection or its designee, suitable protective devices such as the Reduced Pressure Zone
Backflow Preventer or equal are installed, tested, and maintained to insure proper
operation on a continuing basis.
2. No plumbing permit shall be issued for cross connection installations that require
Reduced Pressure Zone Backflow Preventers or Double Check Valve Assemblies until
the application for a permit is accompanied by a letter of approval from the
Massachusetts Department of Environment^ Protection or its designee.
3/11/05 248 CMR -177
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
(d) Interconnections .
1 . Individual Water Supplies . Cross connections between an individual water supply
and a potable public supply shall not be made unless specifically approved by the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.
2. Public Water Supplies . Interconnection between two or more public water supplies
shall be permitted only with the approval of the health authority having jurisdiction.
(e) Toxic Materials .
1. Construction . Piping conveying potable water shall be constructed of nontoxic
material.
2. Materials and Substances . No materials or substances that could produce either toxic
conditions, taste, odor, or discoloration in a potable water system shall be introduced into
or used in such systems.
3. Painting of Water Tanks . The interior surface of a potable water tank shall not be
lined, painted, or repaired with any material that will affect the taste, odor, color, or
potable condition of the water supply when the tank is placed into service or returned to
service following maintenance.
(f) Used Piping . Piping which has been used for any other purpose than conveying potable
water shall not be used for conveying potable water.
(g) Self Feeding Water Connections to Heating Boilers .
1 . Potable water connections to a heating boiler shall be provided with an approved
back flow preventer or air gap in the water line to prevent a cross connection.
2. Backflow preventers shall not be required on manually controlled water supply lines
to residential type steam and/or gravity fed hot water space heating systems.
(h) Prohibited Connections to Fixtures and Equipment . Connection to the potable water
supply system for the following shall be protected against backflow:
1. bidets;
2. operating, dissection, embalming, and mortuary tables or similar equipment ~ in such
installation, the hose used for water supply shall terminate at least 12 inches away from
every point of the table or attachments;
3. pumps for non-potable water, chemicals or other substances; note that priming
connections may be made only through an air gap;
4. building drainage, sewer or vent system; and
5. any other fixture of similar hazard.
(i) Refrigerating Unit Condensers and Cooling Jackets .
1 . Except where potable water provided for a refrigerator condenser or cooling jacket
is entirely outside the piping or tank containing a toxic refrigerant, with two separate
thicknesses of metal separating the refrigerant from the potable water supply the inlet
connection shall be provided with an approved double check valve installation.
2. Also adjacent to and at the outlet side of the check valve, an approved pressure relief
valve set to relieve at five P.S.I.G. above the maximum water pressure at the point of
installation shall be provided if the refrigeration units contain more than 20 pounds of
refrigerants.
(j) Water Recycling Prohibited .
1 . Water used for cooling of equipment or other processes shall be discharged into the
drainage system through an air gapped indirect waste. Under conditions where water
shortage may occur, the water used for cooling may be used for non-potable purposes.
Water used for cooling of equipment or other processes shall not be returned to the
potable water system.
2. Exceptions . Water recycling systems may be installed if Special-permission under
248 CMR 3.04(3) has been granted by the Board. Such systems include:
a. dedicated gray water systems;
b. black water systems; or
c. on site wastewater treatments systems.
(k) Protection Against Backflow and Backsiphonage .
1. Water Outlets . A potable water system shall be protected against backflow and
backsiphonage in accordance with M.G.L. c. 1 1 1, § 160A, and 310 CMR (Department
of Environmental Protection) relative to protection of the potable water supply).
3/11/05 248 CMR -178
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
a. Air Gap . An air gap as defined in 248 CMR 10.03: Air-Gap Water Distribution
between the potable water outlet and the flood level rim of the fixture it supplies or
between the outlet and any other source of contamination.
b. Backflow Preventer . A backflow preventing device or vacuum breaker to prevent
the drawing of contamination into potable water system.
Minimum Required Air Gap .
a. How Measured . The minimum required air gap shall be measured vertically from
the lowest end of a potable water outlet to the flood rim or line of the fixture or
receptacle into which it discharges.
b. Size .
i. The minimum required air gap shall be twice the effective opening of a
potable water outlet.
ii. If the outlet is found to be at a distance that is less than three times the
effective opening away from a wall or similar vertical surface; the minimum
required air gap shall be three times the effective opening of the outlet,
iii. In no case shall the minimum required air gap be less than shown in
248 CMR 10.14(7): Table 7: Minimu?n Air Gaps for Plumbing Fixtures:
(i) Side wall ribs or similar obstnjctions do not effect air gaps when they are
spaced from the inside edge of a spout opening at a distance greater than three
times the diameter of the effective opening for a single wall; or greater than
four times the diameter of the effective opening for two intersecting walls,
(ii) Vertical wail, ribs, or similar obstructions extending from the water
surface to or above the horizontal plane of the spout opening require a greater
air gap when spaced closer to the nearest inside edge of spout opening than
specified in 248 CMR 10. 14(7)(k)2.b.iii.(i). The effect of three or more such
vertical walls or ribs has not been determined. In such cases, the air gap shall
be measured from the top of the wall.
TABLE?
MINIMUM AIR GAPS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES
MINIMUM AIR GAPS
FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES
Minimum Air Gap
When not affected by
nearwall^"^*^"^^
When affected by
nearwallf'^c^^s)
Lavatories and other fixtures with effective
openings not greater than Vi inch diameter.
1
1.50
Sink, laundry sinks, goose neck bath faucets
and other fixtures with effective openings
not greater than % inch diameter
1.5
2.25
Over rim bath fillers and other fixtures with
effective openings not greater than one inch
diameter.
2
3.0
Drinking water fountains single orifice 7/16
(0.437) in. diameter or multiple orifices
having total area of 0.150 sq. in. (area of
circle 7/16 in. diameter)
1
1.50
Effective openings greater than
one inch
2X diameter of
effective opening
3X diameter of
effective opening
3. Devices for the Protection of the Potable Water Supplv . Approved backflow
preventers or vacuum breakers shall be installed with any plumbing fixture or equipment,
the potable water supply outlet of which may be submerged and which cannot be
protected by a minimum air gap.
4. Certification of Devices .
a. Before any device for the prevention of backflow or backsiphonage is installed
the following requirements shall be satisfied:
i. An Approved-testing-lab shall have first certified it as being acceptable.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 179
10.14: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
ii. The Board has recognized it as being Product-approved,
iii. These backflow devices shall be maintain in compliance with 310 CMR
22.22: Cross Connections Distribution System Protection.
b. Labeling .
i. Piping after each device shall be labeled as "Water Subject to Questionable
Safety", black lettering on yellow background, sizes of lettering and background
determined by ANSI A13.1-85, S'c/ie/ne/or the Identification of Piping Systems.
ii. The labels shall be placed along the installation every 25 feet and at both
penetration points where pipes pass through walls and both penetration points
where pipes pass through floors or roofs.
5. Installation of Devices .
a. Vacuum Breakers .
i. Vacuum breakers shall be installed with the critical level at least six inches
above the flood level rim of the fixture they serve and on the discharge side of the
last control valve to the fixture.
ii. No shut-off valve or faucet shall be installed beyond the vacuum breaker,
iv. For closed equipment or vessels such as pressure sterilizers the top of the
vessel shall be treated as the flood level rim but a check valve shall be installed
on the discharge side of the vacuum breaker.
b. Reduced Pressure Zone Backflow . A reduced pressure zone type backflow
preventer may be installed subject to full static pressure. Where damage may occur
to the building or structure due to water discharge from the vent port precautions
shall be taken.
c. Devices of All Types .
i. Backflow and backsiphonage preventing devices shall be accessibly located
preferably in the same room with the fixture they serve,
ii. Installation in utility or semce spaces, provided they are readily accessible,
is also permitted.
6. Tanks and Vats -- Below Rim Supply .
a. Where a potable water outlet terminates below the rim of a tank or vat and the
tank or vat has an overflow of diameter not less than given in 248 CMR
10.14(6): Table 5: Sizes of Overflow Pipes for Water Supply Tanks, the overflow
pipe shall be provided with an air gap as close to the tank as possible.
b. The potable water outlet to the tank or vat shall terminate a distance not less than
1 Vi times the height to which water can rise in the tank above the top of the overflow.
c. This level shall be established at the maximum flow rate of the supply to the tank
or vat and with all outlets except the air gap, overflow outlet closed.
d. The distance from the outlet to the high water level shall be measured from the
critical point of the potable water supply outlet.
7. Protective Devices Required . Approved devices to protect against backflow and
backsiphonage shall be installed at all fixtures and equipment where backflow and/or
back siphonage may occur and where a minimum air gap cannot be provided between the
water outlet to the fixture or equipment and its flood level rim.
8. Connections Not Subject to Back Pressure .
a. Where a water connection is not subject to back pressure, a non-pressure type
vacuum breaker shall be installed on the discharge side of the last valve on the line
serving the fixture or equipment.
b. A list of some conditions requiring protective devices of this kind is given in in
248 CMR 10.14(7): Table 8: Cross Connections Where Protective Devices Are
Required and Critical Level (C-L) Settings for Backflow Preventers.
9. Barometric Loop . Water connections not subject to back pressure where an actual
or potential backflow or backsiphonage hazard exists may in lieu of devices specified in
248 CMR 10. 14(7)(k)5., be provided with a 35 foot barometric loop. Barometric loops
shall precede the point of connection.
3/11/05 248 CMR -180
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
10. Pressure Type Vacuum Breakers . Water connections not subject to backpressure
where an actual or potential backflow or backsiphonage hazard exists may be protected
by the installation of a pressure type vacuum breaker, provided that such device is
installed with the critical level a minimum of 12 inches above the highest outlet or fixture
served by the connection.
11. Anti-siphon or backpressure valves :
a. An anti-siphon or backpressure valve shall be installed on any chemical metering
pump that pumps any chemical into a potable water supply to prevent back
siphonage.
b. The anti-siphon or back-pressure valve must be spring loaded and set at a
minimum of five-P.S.I.G. (An example may be an anti-siphon or back-pressure valve
installed on a positive displacement metering pump's discharge line and pumping
sodium hypochlorite into a water main at a well house for disinfection purposed.)
TABLE 8
CROSS CONNECTIONS WHERE PROTECTIVE DEVICES ARE REQUIRED AND CRFHCAL
LEVEL (C-L) SETTINGS FOR BACKFLOW PREVENTERS
Fixture or Equipment
Method of Installation
Aspirators and ejectors
C-L at least six inches above flood level or receptacle.
Dental units
On models without built-in vacuum breakers ~ C-L at least six
inches above flood level rim of bowl.
Dishwashing machines
C-L at least six inches above flood level of machine. Install on
both hot and cold water supply lines.
Flushometers (closet and urinal)
C-L at least six inches above top of fixture supplied.
Garbage can cleaning machine
C-L at least six inches above flood level of machine. Install on
both hot and cold water supply lines.
Hose outlets
C-L at least six inches above highest point on hose line.
Laundry machines
C-L at least six inches above flood level of machine. Install on
both hot and cold water supply lines.
Lawn sprinklers
C-L at least 12 inches above highest sprinkler or discharge outlet.
Steam tables
C-L at least six inches above flood level.
Tank and vats
C-L at least six inches above flood level rim or line.
Trough urinals
C-L at least six inches above perforated flush pipe.
Flush tanks
Must be equipped with approved ball cock. Where ball cocks
contact tank water they must be equipped with a vacuum breaker
at least one inch above the overflow outlets. Where a ball cock
does not contact tank water install the ball cock outlet at least one
inch above the overflow outlet or provide a vacuum breaker as
specified above.
3/11/05
248 CMR -181
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
TABLE 8A
ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF B ACKFLOW PREVENTERS FOR PREVENTION OF
CROSS CONNECTIONS ON POTABLE WATER
AG
RPBP
DCVA
AVB
BFPAV
AIR GAP
REDUCED PRESSURE BACKFLOW PREVENTER
DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY
ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER
BACKFLOW PREVENTER WITH INTERMEDIATE ATMOSPHERIC
VENT
TYPE OF HAZARD ON
PREMISES
ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF BACKFLOW
PREVENTER
COMMENTS*
AG
RPBP
DCVA
AVB
BFPAV
1 . Sewage Treatment Plant
X
X
2. Sewage Pumping Stations
X
X
3. Food Processing
X
X
X*
* If no health hazard exists
4. Laboratories
X
X
X*
* If no health hazard exists
5. Sinks with hose threads on inlets
X
X
X
6. Hospitals, Mortuaries, Clinics
X
X
7. Plating Facilities
X
X
8. Irrigation Systems**
X
X
X*
Each case should be
evaluated individually
* If no back pressure is
possible
** Pressure Vacuum Breakers
can be installed if no health
hazard exists and back
pressure is not possible.
9. Systems or Equipment Using
Radioactive Material
X
X
10. Submerged Inlets
X
X
X*
* If no health hazard exists
and no back pressure is
possible
11. Dockside Facilities
X
X
12. Valved outlets or fixtures with
hose attachments
X
X
X*
X**
Each case should be
evaluated individually
■
* If no health hazard exists
** If no health hazard exists
and no back pressure is
possible
13. Commercial Laundries and Dry
Cleaners
X
X
14. Commercial Dishwashing
Machines
X
X
X*
If no health hazard exists
15. High and Low Pressure Boilers
X
X
If chemicals are added
16. Low Pressure Heating Boilers
X
Residential and small
commercial, having no
chemicals added
1 7. Photo Processing Equipment
X
X
18. Reservoirs-cooling Tower
Recirculation Systems
X
X
3/11/05
248 CMR -182
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
AG
RPBP
DCVA
AVB
BFPAV
AIR GAP
REDUCED PRESSURE BACKFLOW PREVEN TER
DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY
ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER
BACKFLOW PREVENTER WITH INTERMEDIATE ATMOSPHERIC
VENT
TYPE OF HAZARD ON
PREMISES
ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF BACKFLOW
PREVENTER
COMMENTS*
AG
RPBP
DCVA
AVB
BFPAV
19. Fire Fighting Systems
a. Any system which incorporates
pumper connections into which
chemical extinguishing agents or
non-potable water may be pumped.
X
X
X
b. Any system which incorporates
storage tanks or fire pumps taking
suction from covered tanks or
reservoirs
X
X
X
c. Any system incorporating
connections to chemical
extinguishing agents, anti-freeze, or
auxiliary water supplies.
X
X
20. Solar Energy Systems
X
X
X*
* Residential and small
commercial having no
chemicals or only USP
Glycerin added to water
21. Single Jacketed Heat
Exchangers
X
X
Each case should be
evaluated individually
Source of Table 8 A is Department of Environmental Protection (310 CMR 22.22)
(8) Hot Water Supply System .
(a) In residences and buildings intended for continuous occupancy, hot water shall be
supplied to all plumbing fixtures and equipment used for bathing, washing, culinary purpose,
cleansing, laundry, or building maintenance.
(b) Hot water storage systems shall be designed to adequately accommodate the fixtures
being served.
(9) Hot Water Tanks or Heaters .
(a) Domestic Hot Water Storage Tanks and Tankless Heaters :
Performance Efficiency .
1 . All automatic, electric, domestic hot water storage tanks shall have a stand-by loss
not exceeding four W/ft.^ of tank's surface area; when tested in accordance with ANSI
STANDARD C72-i entitled Household Automatic Electric Storage Type Heaters.
2. All gas and oil fired, domestic hot water storage tanks shall have:
a. a recovery efficiency (E') not less than 75%; and
b. a stand-by loss percentage (S) not exceeding: S = 2.3 + 61fW; where. , . .V = rated
volume in gallons when tested in accordance with ANSI Standard 221.10.3-74 Gas
Water Heaters Volume HI, circulating tank, instantaneous and large automatic storage
type water heaters.
3. EXCEPTIONS: All gas and oil fired heaters over 80 gallons capacity are exempt
from the requirement on recovery efficiency. When using Std. RE-7, oil fired units have
a CF = 1.0; Q equals total gallons of oil consumed; and H equals total heating value of
oil in Btu/gal.
a. All gas and oil fired heaters with a Btu/h input rate over 75,000 are exempt from
the requirements on recovery efficiency.
3/11/05
248 CMR -183
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
b. When using ANSI Z2 1.1 0.3-74, oil fired units have a CF= 1.0; Q equals total
gallons of oil consumed; and H equals total heating value of oil in Btu/gal.
4. Insulation .
a. Heat loss from unfired hot water storage tanks shall be limited to a maximum of
15 Btu/h/sq. ft. of external tank surface area.
b. The design ambient temperature shall be no higher than 65 °F for calculating heat
losses.
5. Combination Domestic Hot Water/Space Heating Boilers . Service water heating
equipment shall not be dependent upon year round operation of space heating boilers
(that is, boilers that have winter space heating as another function), except for the
following system:
Domestic Hot Water/Space Heating Boilers having a stand-by loss in Btu/h less than:
13.3 pmd + 400 . , ,, ^ ^
pmd = probable maximum demand
n
n = fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9°F.
The stand-by loss is to be determined for a test period of 24 hour duration while
maintaining a boiler water temperature of 90°F above ambient.
6. Temperature Controls .
a. Domestic hot water systems shall be equipped with automatic temperature
controls capable of adjustment from the lowest to the highest acceptable temperature
settings for the intended use.
b. Shut down:
i. A separate switch shall be provided to permit turning off the energy supplied
to electric domestic hot water systems.
ii. A separate valve shall be provided to permit turning off the fuel supplied to
the main bumer(s) of all other types of domestic hot water systems.
(b) Minimum Capacity . The minimum capacity of a hot water storage tank or heater shall:
1 . be based upon the hot water demand of the building which is served;
2. be in accordance with the generally accepted standards of engineering practice; and
3. comply with the minimum standards of 105 CMR 410.000: Minimum Standards of
Fitness for Human Habitation {State Sanitary Code, Ompter II).
(c) Working Pressure of Storage Tank . To determine the working pressure of a hot water
tank as required by M.G.L. c. 142, § 18E, the street or service pressure only shall be
considered, unless a water pressure booster system is used to raise the house pressure above
the street pressure.
(d) Tank Drains . A storage tank shall be equipped with a brass drain cock or valve for
emptying at the lowest point or a valve or cock approved by the Board.
(e) Cold Water Supply .
1 . A check valve shall not be installed in the cold water supply to any hot water heater
or hot water storage tank, unless Special-Permission has been granted by the Board.
2. Thermal check valves that have a minimum of a Ve-inch diameter hole drilled in the
clapper are permitted. A thermal expansion tank may be required or necessary on any
cold water supply system where installation of Backflow Prevention Devices or pressure
reducing valves would create a closed system and constitute an operating hazard or
nuisance.
(f) Prohibited Methods of Water Heating .
1 . Hot Water Generators . No coils, boosters or other hot water heating devices shall be
installed in direct contact with the heat generating source of any building heating system
or heating unit.
2. Systems Without Automatic Control . No domestic hot water storage system,
connected with or to, a direct heating device or appliance, shall be installed in any
basement of any building or other unattended area unless such installation has fiilly
automatic control to prevent raising of the temperature of the water in any part of the
storage tank to 2 HT.
3/11/05 248 CMR -184
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
(g) ASME Requirements for Large Volume Water Heaters and Storage Tanks .
1 . Water heaters shall be constructed to conform to the specific sections of the ASME
Code when the heaters have the following features:
a. Installed in other than a private residence.
b. Having a storage capacity of over 1 20 gallons and/or a recovery equal to 200,000
B.T.U.
c. Being unfired or heated by direct firing by means of oil, gas (natural,
manufactured or bottled propane, etc.) or electric resistance elements.
d. All safety controls required by ASME shall be supplied in strict compliance with
ASME standards.
e. Examples:
i. An 80-gallon tank with a recovery rate 210,000 BTU must comply with
ASME Standards.
ii. Two tanks installed each with 100 gallon capacity with an indirect water
heater with a recovery rate of 210,000 BTU feeding tanks shall meet ASME
standards.
f. The requirements of 248 CMR 10.14(10)(b)I. do not apply for water heaters
installed in a single family dwelling only or a single Condominium unit having
separate water heating source for the specific needs of that unit only.
2. ASME Data Sheet .
a. Copies of an ASME data sheet attesting to the conformance with the requirements
of the applicable section of the Code and signed by an authorized and qualified
inspector shall be furnished to the owner and/or installing contractor.
b. A copy of the data shall be permanently displayed in a suitable mounting on a
wall adjacent to the water heater for examination by the plumbing inspector.
3. All unfired water heaters within the limits specified under 248 CMR 10.14(10)(b)l.
and heated by steam or boiler water from a remote boiler shall be constructed and
stamped in accordance with all the requirements of the latest edition of ASME Code,
Section 8.
4. All direct fired water heaters specified under 248 CMR 10.14(10)03)1. and containing
an intermediate heating medium at a temperature of over 200°F and not exceeding 250°F
or 160 P.S.LG. shall be constructed and stamped in accordance with all the requirements
of ASME Code, Section 4.
5 . All direct fired water heaters within the specified under 248 CMR 1 0. 1 4( 1 0)(b) 1 . and
containing an intermediate heating medium at a temperature of over 250°F and not
exceeding 300°F, and not exceeding an operating pressure of 75 P.S.LG. shall:
a. be constructed and stamped in accordance with all the requirements and
guidelines of ASME Code, Section 1;
b. be fully stress relieved; and
c. have all welded joints fully radio graphed and found acceptable to the qualified
inspector of the inspection agency.
6. Direct-fired Water Heaters :
a. No direct-fired water heater employing a heat transfer medium or intermediate
heating medium operating above. 300°F and 75 P.S .I.G shall be installed.
b. In no case shall the domestic water be heated by a direct-fired heater above
200°F.
c. All direct fired heaters employing an intermediate heat transfer system shall be
provided with an adequate space within the heat transfer system for expansion of the
heat transfer fluid. This shall be equal to at least 10% of the volume of the heat
transfer system. A separate expansion tank of equal volume may be furnished.
d. All direct fired v^^ater heaters employing an intermediate heat transfer system shall
be furnished with a relief valve in the vapor space of the expansion area or tank. The
relief valve shall be ASME, National Board approved and rated and comply with
Massachusetts Standards. The valve shall have a testing lever and shall be piped to
an adequately size separated vent to the outside of the building.
(h) Safety Devices for Hot Water Tanks .
1. Safety devices to be used on hot water tanks and tankless heaters shall be installed
to comply with the provisions of M.G.L. c. 142, § 19 and Standard ANSI 221.22.
3/11/05 248 CMR -185
10.14: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
2. Pressure Relief Valves .
a. Pressure relief valves installed on direct-fired water heaters, except for tankless
heaters, having up to 200,000 BTU per hour input shall have a listed rating of not less
than the heater input.
b. The minimum valve size shall be %-inch except that heaters with inputs of 1 5,000
BTU per hour or less ma}' install 'A-inch pressure relief valves.
c. For tankless heaters connected to low pressure steam and hot water heating
boilers, the pressure relief valve shall be sized according to 248 CMR
10.14(9): TflWe 9, as follows:
TABLE 9
Heater Rating (Gal per Min)
Valve Size
Up to 5
V2-inch
Over 5 up to 20
Standard Z21.22 applies
%-inch
Over 20 up to 50
1-inch
Over 50
ASME Standard applies
1 - P/4-inch
3. Temperature Relief Valves . Temperature Relief Valves shall meet the requirements
of M.G.L. c. 142, § 19 and Standard ANSI Z21.22 latest issue.
a. Valves shall be minimum ^-inch size except that for heaters with input of 1 5 ,000
BTU per hour or less, the valve can be Vz-inch size.
b. The automatic Temperature Relief Valve shall be self-closing and be equipped
with a testing lever.
c. The thermostatic relieving element shall extend not more than five inches into the
top of the tank.
d. The temperature relief valve shall have a minimum discharge in BTU per hour
at least equal to the heat source input,
e. When the water heater is furnished with a separate relief valve tapping in the side
and within the top six inches of the tank, the valve installed in such tapping may be
equipped with either an extension or short thermostatic element.
f. The official A.G.A. listed rating of an approved valve will be considered in
compliance with the requirements of 248 CMR 10.14.
4. Combination Temperature & Pressure Relief Valves .
a. A combination temperature and pressure relief valve shall meet the requirements
of both the temperature and pressure relief valves as provided in 248 CMR
10.14(ll)(b) and 10.14(ll)(c).
b. For heaters over 200,000 BTU/Hr., input rating:
i. The valve shall have a minimum ASME temperature steam rating of 200,000
BTU;
ii. The valve shall comply with all construction and testing requirement of the
current ANSI Standard Z21 .22;
iii. The valve shall have minimum one-inch inlet and outlet pipe connections.
iv. The valve shall be ASME pressure steam rated; and
v. A temperature water rating, on the basis of 1250 BTU for each gallon per
hour of water discharged at 30 lbs. working pressure and a maximum temperature
of 210°F, will be acceptable for the temperature rating for heaters over 200,000
BTU/Hr. input rating. This rating must be certified by the valve manufacturer
and must not be more than the ASME rating shown.
vi The use of a Product-approved polypropylene homopolymer drain tube
assembly that is designed to be vertically mounted in the downtumed outlet of a
horizontally mounted relief valve provided that the capacity of the relief valve
served by the approved drain assembly does not exceed 100,000 BTU per hour.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 186
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.14: continued
5. Vacuum Relief Valves .
a. Water heaters and storage tanks shall be protected against loss of water from
siphoning due to loss of supply pressure by a vacuum relief valve installed in the cold
water supply line at a level above the top of the heater or tank.
b. Where heating equipment has a bottom supply, the cold water supply piping shall
be carried above the top of the heater before dropping down to the supply connection
and have a vacuum relief valve installed in it at a level above the top of the storage
tank.
c. The vacuum relief valve shall be in compliance with the Standard ANSI Z21 .22
at latest issue.
d. Valves marked with the A.G.A. symbol and listed by the American Gas
Association Laboratories will be considered in compliance with 248 CMR 10.14.
Valves shall have minimum '/2-inch diameter orifice and the air inlet opening on any
vacuum valve shall not be smaller than the nominal pipe size of the valve.
e. Vacuum relief valves shall be sized to have a cross sectional area equal to a pipe
not less than one pipe diameter smaller than the tank supply or drain, whichever is
larger.
f. Vacuum relief valves may be installed in multiples.
(12) Boiler Laws . See M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 17, 18, and 19.
(13) Disinfection of Potable Water System Piping . When necessary, the Inspector shall require
that a potable water distribution system, or any part thereof, which has been installed or repaired
may require disinfection in accordance with one of the following methods before it is placed
in operation:
(a) The system, or part thereof, shall be filled with a water and chlorine solution which
contains 50 parts per million of available chlorine; and the same shall then be allowed to
stand six hours before the system, or part thereof, is flushed and returned to service.
(b) The system, or part thereof, shall be filled with a solution which contains 100 parts per
million of available chlorine; and the same shall then be allowed to stand two hours before
the system, or part thereof, is flushed and returned to service.
(c) Where it is not possible to disinfect a potable water storage tank as provided by
248 CMR 10. 14(13)(a) or (b), the entire interior of the tank shall be swabbed with a solution
which contains 200 parts per million of available chlorine; and the solution shall then be
allowed to stand two hours before the tank is flushed and returned to service. For a potable
water filter or similar device, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
shall determine the dosage.
10.15: Sanitary Drainage System
(1) Materials . Pipe, tubing, fittings, and traps to be used on any part of the sanitary drainage
system in a building or adjacent to a building shall comply with all relevant sections of
248 CMR, 3.00: through 10.00.
(2) Detennining Size of Drainage System .
(a) Fixture Units for Drainage Piping . The waste discharge calculations for the drainage
system piping shall be computed in terms of drainage fixture units in accordance with
24^ CMR 10. 15, Table 1 : Fixture Unit Values for Various Plumbing Fixtures and 248 CMR
10.15(2)(b).
(b) Values for Continuous Flow . Fixture unit values for continuous or semi-continuous
flow into a building sanitary drainage system, such as from a waste pump, sewage ejector
pump, or similar device that discharges sewage waste shall be computed on the basis of two
fixture units for each gallon per minute of flow.
3/11/05 248 CMR -187
248 CMR; BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.15: continued
(c) Clear water condensate waste that is produced in cumulative amounts of 12.5 gallons
per hour or 300 gallons per day or less in buildings by air conditioning equipment, air
compressor blow-down discharge (free of petroleum hydrocarbons) or other similar apparatus
or appliances may be discharged to the sanitary drainage system in accordance with
248 CMR 10. 12(l)(a)4. The clear water waste requirement is not withstanding any local
ordinance, by-law, rule or regulation to the contrai7.
(3) Selecting the Size of Drainage Piping . Pipe sizes shall be determined from 248 CMR
10.15(7); Tables 1, 2 and 3 on the basis of drainage fixture unit values calculated from
248 CMR 10.15(7): Table]: Fixture Unit Valvesfor Various Plumbing Fixtures and24S CMR
10.15(2)(b).
(4) Minimum Size of Soil and Waste Stacks . No soil or waste stack shall be smaller than the
largest horizontal waste branch connected thereto, {See 248 CMR 10.15(7): Table T. Fixture
Unit Values for Various Plumbing Fixtures and 248 CMR 10. 15(7): Table 3: Maximum Loads
in Fixture Units for Any One Branch Inter\>al on Multistory Soil and Waste Stacks). Exception:
a 4 X 3 toilet connection shall not be considered as a reduction in pipe size.
(5) Minimum Size of the Stack Vent or Vent Stack . Any structure, in which a building drain
is installed, shall have as a minimum one stack vent or a vent stack not less than three inches in
diameter, {See 248 CMR 10. 16(7): Table 2: Size and Lengths of Vents for fixture unit values
when determining appropriate stack vent or vent stack sizing) that shall be carried undiminished
in size through the roof.
(6) Provision for the Installation of Future Fixtures .
(a) When future drainage provisions are employed for the potential installation of other
fixtures, the drains provided shall be considered in determining the final required sizes of
drains and vent pipes.
(b) The future drain installations, (if provided) shall be terminated with approved
material(s) and fittings.
(7) Size of Underground Drainage Piping .
(a) Underground or Basement Floor . No portion of the drainage system installed
underground or below a basement floor, shall be less than two inches in diameter.
(b) Sanitary Piping Installed Through the Foundation Wall .
1 . Sanitary pipes that pass through an exterior foundation wall shall be no less than four
inches in diameter, except:
a. When serving a Hazardous Waste System installed in accordance with (248 CMR
10.13).
b. When serving a ^domestic laundry, wherein the laundry drain is conducted to a
separate (Lx>cal Board of Health Authorized) dry-well disposal system and may be
two inches in diameter.
c. When serving as the waste for a *church Sacrarium, wherein the church
Sacrarium drain may be two inches in diameter {see 248 CMR 10. 10(16)).
d. When serving exclusively as the discharge from a semi-positive displacement
grinder pump, and if so, the following shall be satisfied:
i. The minimum pipe size for a semi-positive displacement grinder pump
discharge shall be IVi-inch and shall provide a self cleaning velocity of no less
than two feet per second.
ii. The velocity in the pipe shall not be more than seven feet per second.
iii. A full port discharge valve and check valve shall be provided and made
accessible inside the building.
iv The waste discharge from semi-positive displacement grinder pumps shall be
protected from freezing when the piping is installed less than four feet below
grade in outside locations.
3/11/05 248 CMR -188
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.15: continued
TABLE 1
FDCTURE UNIT VALUES FOR VARIOUS PLUMBING FIXTURES
Type of fixture or group of fixtures
Fixture Unit Value
Automatic clothes washer (IVi-inch standpipe)
2
Automatic clothes washer (2-inch standpipe)
3
Bathroom group consisting of a toilet, lavatory and bathtub or
shower stall:
Flushometer valve closet
8
Tank type closet
6
Bathtub' (with or without overhead shower)
2
Bidet
3
Combination sink and drain board with food waste grinder
4
Combination sink and drain board with one l'/2-inch trap
2
Combination sink and drain board with separate IVz-inch traps
3
Vegetable Prep Sink (Residential or Commercial)
2
Dental chair unit or cuspidor
1
Dental lavatory
1
Drinking fountain
1/2
Dishwasher, commercial
6
Dishwasher, domestic
1
Trough or trench drain 3 -inch
5
Trough or trench drain 4-inch
6
Floor drains^ with 2-inch waste
3
Kitchen sink, domestic, with one IVi-inch waste
2
Kitchen sink, domestic, with food waste grinder
2
Lavatory with IV^-inch waste
1
Laundry Utility sink (1, 2 or 3 compartments)
2
Shower stall, domestic
2
Showers (group) per head
2
Sinks:
Surgeons
3
Flushing rim (with valve)
6
Service (trap standard)
3
Service (P trap)
2
Commercial Pot, scullery, etc. (each section)
4
Shampoo
2
Toilet, tank operated
4
Toilet, valve operated
6
Urinal, pedestal, siphon jet blowout
6
Urinal, wall lip
4
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each 20 inches of usable length
1
Unlisted fixture drains or trap size:
Wa inch or less
1
P/z inches
2
2 inches
3
2V2 inches
4
3 inches
5
4 inches
6
Note 1 : A showerhead over a bathtub does not increase the fixture value.
Note 2: See 248 CMR 10. 15(2)(b) for method of computing fixture unit values of devices with continuous
or semi-continuous flows.
Note 3: The size of floor drains shall be determined by the area of the floor surface to be drained in
accordance with 248 CMR 10. 10( 10)(a).
3/11/05
248 CMR -189
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.15: continued
TABLE 2
MAXIMUM LOADS IN FIXTURE UNITS FOR HORIZONTAL DRAINS (F.U.)
Diameter of
drain
(inches)
Horizontal
fixture branch'
(F.U.)
Building drain or building sewer^
Vs inM.
(F.U.)
1/4 in./ft.
(F.U.)
V2 in./ft.
(F.U.)
P/2
-3
—
...
...
2
6
...
...
...
21/2
12
—
...
—
3
34'-^
_..
40-^^
48'-^
4
160
180
216
250
5
360
390
480
575
6
620
700
840
1,000
8
1,400
1,600
1,920
2,300
10
2,500
2,900
3,500
4,200
12
3,900
4,600
5,600
6,700
15
7,000
8,300
10,000
12,000
Note 1: Does NOT include fixture branches to the building drain.
Note 2: DOES include fixture branches to the building drain.
Note 3: No more than two toilets or bathroom groups on a horizontal fixture branch nor more than three
toilets or bathroom groups on a fixture branch of the building drain.
Note 4: No more than three toilets or three bathroom groups on a three inch building drain.
TABLE 3
MAXIMUM LOADS IN HXTURE UNITS FOR SOIL AND WASTE STACKS
HAVING ONE OR TWO BRANCH INTERVALS
Diameter of Sack
(inches)
Maximum Load on Stack
(F.U.)
11/2
4
2
8
21/2
20
3
48**
4
240
5
540
6
930
8
2,100
10
3,750
12
5,850
15
10,500
**Note 1: Not more than two toilets or bathroom groups within each branch interval nor more than three
toilets or bathroom groups on the stack.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 190
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.15: continued
TABLE 4
MAXIMUM LOADS IN FIXTURE UNITS FOR ANY ONE BRANCH INTERVAL
ON MULTISTORY SOIL AND WASTE STACKS '
Diameter
of Stack
Number of Branch Intervals
Load
Limit for
all Slacks
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2
21/2
3^
4
5
6
8
10
12
15
3
8
20
100
225
385
875
1,560
2,435
4,375
7
18
90
205
350
785
1,405
2,195
3,935
17
84
190
325
735
1,310
2,045
3,675
16
80
180
310
700
1,250
1.950
3,500
15
77
175
300
675
1,205
1,875
3,380
14
75
170
290
655
1,170
1,825
3,280
13
73
165
285
640
],]40
1,790
3,210
12
72
162
280
630
1,125
1,755
3,150
11
71
159
275
620
1,1)0
1,730
3,110
10
70
157
271
612
1,095
1,705
3,060
10
69
156
268
606
1,080
1,685
3,030
10
68
154
266
600
1,075
1,670
3,000
10
68
153
263
594
1,062
1,655
2,975
10
28
1023
530
1,400
2,900
7,600
15,000
26,000
50,000
'These limits are applicable only when the maximum load within any one branch interval is not greater than
2 J where N= permissible load on a stack of one or two branch intervals, and n = number of
^~(~)'^(^~:) branch intervals on the stack under consideration
2?i 4
^There shall not be more than two toilets or bathroom groups within each branch interval nor more than three
toilets or bathroom groups on the stack.
^The formula contained in footnote 1 does not apply to three inch stacks. For three inch stacks above. 15
branch intervals, no single interval shall exceed more than ten fixture units.
N N
Max. Fixture Units Connected = — + —
2n 4
E.G. Find the maximum number of fixture to the branch units which can be connected to a four inch stack
at any branch interval.
Max, Fixture Units Connected =
240 240
4
= 12 + 60 = 72
2(10)
(8) Sizing of Offsets on Drainage Piping .
(a) Offsets of45° or Less .
1. An offset in a vertical stack with a change of direction of 45° or less from the
vertical, may be sized as a straight vertical stack.
2. In the event of a horizontal branch connects to the stack within two feet above or
below the offset, a relief vent shall be installed in accordance with 248 CMR 10. 16(5)(c).
(b) Offsets of More than 45° . A stack with an offset of more than 45° from the vertical
shall be sized as follows:
1. The portion of the stack above the offset shall be sized as for a regular stack based
on the total number of fixture units above the offset.
2. The offset shall be sized as for a building drain as shown in 248 CMR
10.15(7): Table 2: Maximum Loads in Fixture Units for Horizontal Drains.
3. The portion of the stack below the offset shall be sized as for the offset or based on
the total number of fixture units on the entire stack, whichever is the larger.
4. In buildings of five stories or more, a relief vent for the offset shall be installed as
provided elsewhere in 248 CMR 10.16(5)(c) and in no case shall a horizontal branch
connect to the offset or to the stack within two feet above or below the offset.
(c) Above Highest Branch . An offset above the highest horizontal branch is an offset in the
stack-vent and shall be considered only as it affects the developed length of the vent.
3/11/05
248 CMR -191
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
10.15: continued
(d) Below Lowest Branch . In the case of an offset in a soil or waste stack below the lowest
horizontal branch, there shall be no change in diameter required if the offset is made at an
angle of less than 45°. If such an offset is made at an- angle greater than 45° to the vertical,
the required diameter of the offset and the stack below it shall be determined as for a building
drain in 248 CMR 10.15(7): Table 2.
(e) Open Parking Garages .
1. The drainage system of open parking garages which are subject to freezing
temperatures including open parking garages in which floor drains are installed, may
exclude the use of traps.
2. Traps and their associated vents may be eliminated however, stacks shall be installed
in accordance with 248 CMR 10. 1 6(6)(a).
3. The maximum distance between stacks shall not exceed 60 feet intervals.
(9) Drainage Piping Installations .
(a) See 248 CMR 10.05: General Regulations for the following:
1 . Pitch of horizontal piping.
2. Fittings used to change direction.
3. Prohibited fittings.
4. Heel or side inlet bends.
5. Obstructions to flow.
6. Dead ends.
(b) Kitchen Sink Wastes (Domestic) .
1 . Not less than a Wi inch branch waste or waste outlet shall be provided to receive the
fixture drain from a kitchen sink, which shall connect independently to the sanitary
drainage system.
2. A kitchen sink shall not waste into any horizontal drain line that receives the waste
fi*om a bathtub or similar flat bottom fixture that is smaller than three inches in diameter.
(c) Roughing — Food Waste Disposer .
1 . The fittings used in all sanitary drainage systems which receive the fixture waste from
a kitchen sink, shall be installed at a height to permit the installation of a food waste
disposer, (approximate height 12 inches through 15 inches above the finished floor).
2. The fitting shall be installed notwithstanding the installation of the food waste
disposer.
(d) Kitchen Sink Clean-outs .
1 . An end or dandy clean-out fitting the same size as the drain to which it connects shall
be installed under all kitchen sinks.
2. A two-piece trap that can be disassembled to clean this drain may be used in Heu of
the clean-out.
(e) Laundries in Multi-Story Buildings .
1. Where laundries are installed in buildings with more than three Branch intervals,
laundries shall be connected to an independent laundry stack.
2. The independent laundry stacks shall connect to a independent laundry main drain.
3. The independent laundry main drain shall connect to the building drain a minimum
of 40 pipe diameters upstream and downstream of any soil or waste stack.
4. A suds relief vent shall connect to the laundry main drain a minimum of 40 pipe
diameters downstream from the base of the laundry stack. The suds relief vent shall
coimect to a vent a minimum of two branch intervals above the base of the laundry stack.
{See 248 CMR 10.22, Figure 19: Illustration of Laundries in Multi-story Buildings.)
5. The Inspector may permit a variation from the above requirements when conditions
will not allow compliance.
(10) Sumps and Ejectors .
(a) Building Drains Below Building Sewer .
1 . Building drains that cannot be discharged to the sewer by gravity flow shall be
discharged into a tightly covered and vented sump, from which the contents shall be
lifted and discharged into the building gravity drainage system by automatic pumping
equipment or by any equally efficient method approved by the Inspector.
3/11/05 248 CMR -192
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.15: continued
2. Only drains located below the building sewer or building drain shall discharge into
sumps. All other drains shall be discharged by gravity.
(b) Design of Sumps and Ejectors . Sump and pumping equipment shall be so designed:
1. as to discharge all contents accumulated in the sump during the cycle of emptying
operation; and
2. so that the storage of drainage in a sump or ejector does not exceed 12 hours.
(c) Duplex Equipment . Sumps or ejectors, in other than one or two family houses or
residences, receiving the discharge of six or more toilets shall be provided with duplex
pumping equipment.
(d) Drainage Pipe Venting . The system of drainage piping below the sewer level shall be
installed and vented in a like manner to that of the gravity system to conform with 248 CMR
10.16.
(e) Prohibited Connections to Discharge Pipe . No fixtures or drains shall be connected to
the sewage discharge pipe from an ejector or pump between the ejector or pump and the
point where it enters the building drainage system or sewer.
(f) Drainage Backflow Prevention .
1. All sumps and ejectors shall be protected against backflow and backpressure from
the building sewer or building drain by installing a backwater or check valve in the
discharge pipe from the ejector or sump pump.
2. This required backflow protection shall also comply with 248 CMR 10.15(1 1).
(g) Size of Sumps and Pumps .
1 . All sumps shall have a holding capacity sufficient to meet the demand of a period not
to exceed 12 hours.
2. In single-family dwellings, a sewage ejector sump receiving the discharge of toilets
and other fixtures shall be equipped with a sewage ejector pump that provides a
minimum discharge capacity of 20 gallons per minute.
3. In all installations other than single-family dwelling, sewage ejector pumps shall be
sized in conformance with 248 CMR 10.15(10): Table 5: Determining Capacities of
Sewage Ejections.
4. To calculate the capacities of pumps used in Sewage Ejectors, it is recommended that
the following procedures be used in all types of building occupancies. The safety factors
included in 248 CMR 10.15(10): Table 5: Determining Capacities of Sewage Ejections
are sufficient for all installations. Any installation that does not meet the requirements
of this Table shall require Special-permission from the Board.
TABLE 5
DETERMINING CAPACITIES OF SEWAGE EJECTORS
Number of toilets to be
Served by each Ejector
G.P.M. Discharge of each
Pump
1
20
2-3
75
4-5
100
6-7
125
8-10
150
11-15
200
16 - 20
250
21-25
300
26-30
350
31-35
375
Ejectors Handling Other Fixtures .
i. Generally, there will be a certain amount of fixtures other than toilets
emptying into the ejector sump.
ii. If the total amount of these fixtures exceed four times the amount of toilets
used, the G.P.M. of the ejector pump should be increased at the rate of three
G.P.M. for each fixture in excess of four times the amount of toilets.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 193
10.15: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
b. EXAMPLE:
GPM Pump Discharge of four Toilets
100 GPM
Number qf additional fixtures to be handled
20
Excess Fixtures as calculated from above 20 - (4 x 4) = 4
4
Four @ 3 GPM
12 GPM
Correct Sewage Ejector Pump to use
112 GPM
(h) Individual Sink Fixture Pumps .
1 . Individual fixtures other than toilets, urinals or similar fixtures may discharge directly
into:
a. a fixture mounted pump; or
b. into sumps and receivers with ejectors or pumps.
2. The waste discharge piping from the individual fixture pump shall have a check valve
to prevent the discharged waste from returning to the pump or receive]'.
3. Individual fixture pumps may be used for sinks that are located below the building
drain.
4. Individual fixmre pumps may be used for sinks when unusual building structure
conditions prevent the discharge of liquid waste by gravity.
5. Direct-mounted individual fixture pumps may be manually or automatically operated.
6. The individual fixture pumps shall be vented in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Individual fixture pumps may provide an adequate water seal in accordance
with 248 CMR 10.03 additional traps may not be required.
(11) Backwater Valves .
(a) Fixture Subject to Backflow .
1 . A backwater valve shall be installed in a branch of the building drain which receives
the discharge from a fixture or group of fixtures that is subject to reverse flow or
backpressure.
2. Back Water Valves on Storm Drain Systems . A back water valve shall be installed
in a branch of the building storm drain that serves lower roof areas in accordance with
248 CMR. 10.22: Figure 23: Illustration of Combination of Upper and Lower Roof
Drain Installations.
(b) Materials for Backwater Valves . Backwater valves shall have all bearing parts of
corrosion-resistant material.
(c) Construction of Backwater Valves . Backwater valves shall be constructed so a
mechanical seal against backflow will be provided.
(d) Diameter of Backwater Valves . Backwater valves, when fully opened shall have an
effective opening not less than that of the pipes to which they are installed.
(e) Location of Backwater Valves . Backwater valves shall be installed so their working
parts will be readily accessible for service and repairs.
(f) Approval of Backwater Valves . In lieu of an acceptable standard for backwater valves,
substitutes may be used after being Product-approved by the Board under 248 CMR 3.04.
10.16: Vents and Venting
(1) Materials .
(a) Above and Below Ground . All pipe and fittings to be used on the venting system, or any
part thereof, shall comply with 248 CMR 10.06.
(b) Chemical Waste Systems . Vent piping on chemical and corrosive waste systems shall
conform to that required for Hazardous Wastes under 248 CMR 10.13.
(2) Bow Vents .
(a) Bow vents are permitted for fixture installations in island cabinets and peninsula
cabinets that cannot be vented in a conventional manner.
(b) The bow vent shall be sized in accordance with 248 CMR 1 0. 1 6( 1 6): Table 2: Size and
Lengths of Vents.
(c) The installation should conform to 248 CMR 10.22: Figures 13(a), (b) or (c).
3/11/05 248 CMR -194
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.16: continued
(3) Prohibited Venting .
(a) Combination Waste and Vent . A combination waste and vent system shall not be used
unless no other system is possible or practicable, and only then after Special Permission is
granted by the Board. See 248 CMR 10.16(15)(a)
(b) Crown Venting Limitation . No vent shall be installed within two pipe diameters of the
trap weir.
(c) Extension of Horizontal Drain . The extension or continuation of a horizontal soil or
waste drain pipe shall not serve as a vent, except:
1. when permitted under wet venting 248 CMR 10.16(7), or
2. when a fixture waste of not more than two fixture units is connected to the vertical
extension of the extended horizontal piping.
(d) Below Trap Weir . The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water
closets and similar fixtures, shall not be below the weir of the trap.
(e) Use Other than Venting . The sanitary vent system shall not be used for purposes other
than the venting of the plumbing system.
(4) Protection of Trap Seals . The protection of trap seals from siphonage, aspiration,
momentum, oscillation, backpressure, evaporation, or capillaiy action shall be accomplished by
the appropriate use of soil or waste stacks, vents, re-vents, back vents, dry vents, wet vents, loop
vents, circuit or continuous vents, or combinations thereof, installed in accordance with the
requirements of 248 CMR 10.16, so that at no time shall the trap be subjected to a pressure
differential of more than one inch of water.
(5) Vent Stacks and Stack Vents .
(a) Vent Stack Required .
1 . Any structure, in which a building drain is installed, shall have as a minimum one full
size main stack vent or a vent stack no less than three inches in diameter. Buildings that
incorporate three or more branch intervals in which plumbing is installed shall have no
less than one main vent stack, {See 248 CMR 10.15(5)) that shall run undiminished in
size and as directly as possible, from the building drain through to the open air above the
roof or connect back to a main stack vent six inches above the flood level rim of the
highest fixmre being served.
2. A vent stack or a main vent shall be installed with a soil or waste stack whenever
back vents, relief vents, or other branch vents are required.
(b) Connections at Base and Top .
1 . All main vents or vent stacks shall connect full size at their base to the drainage of
the building or to the main soil or waste pipe, at or below the lowest fixture branch.
2. All vent pipes shall extend undiminished in size above the roof, or shall be
reconnected with the main soil or waste stack above the highest fixture connection
discharging into it. The minimum size of any vent through the roof shall be two inches
in diameter.
(c) Offsets in Building Five or More Stories .
1. Except as provided in 248 CMR 10.15, offsets of more than 45° from the vertical
in a soil or waste stack may be vented:
a. as two separate soil or waste stacks;
i. by installing a relief vent as a vertical continuation of the lower section of the
stack; or
ii. as a side vent connected to the lower section between the offset and the next
lower fixture or horizontal branch.
ii. The upper section of the offset shall be provided with a yoke vent.
iv. The diameter of the vents shall not be less than the diameter of the main
vent, or of the soil and waste stack, whichever is the smaller.
(d) Vent Headers .
1 . Where vent stacks and stack vents connect to a vent header, the connections shall be
made at the top of the stacks.
3/11/05 248 CMR -195
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.16: continued
2. The vent header shall connect to a vent extension through the roof.
3. When more than two four-inch soil or waste stacks are connected the vent header
extension through the roof shall be five inches in diameter.
4. When more than four four-inch stacks are connected, the diameter shall be six inches,
(e) Relief Vents for Vents of More than Ten Branch Intervals .
1 . Soil and waste stacks in buildings having more than ten branch intervals shall be
provided with a relief vent at each tenth interval installed, beginning with the top floor.
2. The size of the relief vent shall be equal to the size of the vent stack to which it
connects.
3. The lower end of each relief vent shall connect to the soil or waste stack through a
wye below the horizontal branch serving the floor and the upper end shall connect to the
vent stack through a wye not less than three feet above the floor level.
(6) Vent Terminals .
(a) Extension Above Roof .
1 . The vent extension through a roof shall be no less than two inches in diameter and
shall extend not more than 24 inches and not less than 1 8 inches through the roof.
2. If the roof area is used for gardening a parking deck, observation deck or similar
purposes the vent shall extend no less than eight feet above the roof and be increased one
pipe diameter.
3. Increaser . The change in the diameter of a vent teraiinal shall be made by the use of
an increaser; and occur no less than one foot below the roof surface.
(b) Waterproof Flashings . Each vent terminal shall be made watertight with the roof by
proper flashing.
(c) Flag Poline Prohibited . Vent terminals shall not be used for the purpose of flag poling,
TV aerials, or similar purposes.
(d) Location of Vent Terminal .
1 . No vent terminal shall be located:
a. directly beneath any door, window, or other ventilating opening of the building
or of an adjacent building;
b. within ten feet horizontally of such an opening unless it is no less than two feet
above the top of such opening.
2. Plumbing vent terminals shall be located no less than 25 feet horizontally from all
fresh air intakes.
3. Plumbing vents that terminate no less than two feet above the top of the fresh air
intake may be located as close as ten feet, 248 CMR 10. 1 6(6)(a) does not apply in this
case.
(e) Vent Extensions Outside of the Building .
1 . All soil, waste or vent pipe extensions shall be installed inside the building.
2. For remodeling and alteration work only, vents may be installed outside the building
with prior permission of the Inspector and when all other means of venting have been
eliminated or are not practical.
(f) Frost Closure . Where frost closure is likely to occur, each vent extension through a roof
shall be at least three inches in diameter.
(7) Vent Grades and Connections .
(a) Vent Grade . All vent and branch vent pipes shall be uniformly graded in accordance
with 248 CMR 10.05(2) and connected as to drain back to a soil or waste pipe by gravity.
(b) Vertical Rise .
1 . Where vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or waste pipe:
a. The vent shall be taken off above the center line of the soil or waste pipe drain.
b. The vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an angle of 45° from the vertical, to a
point at least six inches above the flood-level rim of the fixture it is venting, before
it may offset horizontally.
2. If it is not possible or practical to vent the fixture trap as required in 1 0. 1 6(7)(b) 1 . :
a. A vent serving a floor drain, floor sink, or similar floor mounted fixture may be
extended horizontally above the centerline of the drain of the fixture to the nearest
practical location where it can rise vertically.
3/11/05 248 CMR -196
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
10.16: continued
b. The vent shall connect to soil or waste pipe above the centerline of the drain not
less than 45° from the horizontal before running in a horizontal position,
(c) Height Above Fixtures .
1 . All connection between a vent pipe and a vent stack or stack- vent shall be made at
least six inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture served by the vent.
2. Horizontal vent pipes fonning branch vents, relief vents, or loop vents shall be
installed at least six inches above the flood-level rim of the highest fixture served.
(8) Wet Venting .
(a) Wet venting of fixture traps as hereinafter described may be used provided that the entire
sanitary waste and vent piping system meet all other code requirements of 248 CMR 3.00
through 10.00.
(b) Bathtub or Shower Wet Vent . Li a single bathi-oom having a common horizontal waste
for a lavatory and bathtub, a two inch waste and vent for the lavatory may serve as a wet vent
for the bathtub or shower.
(c) Double or Back to Back Bath Installations . In a double bathroom having a common
horizontal waste for lavatories and baths, a two inch waste and vent for the lavatory may
serve as a wet vent for the baths.
(d) Miscellaneous Wet Venting .
1. A two inch or larger waste pipe installed with drainage fittings may sei've as a wet
vent.
2. The lowest portion of this horizontal pipe serving as the wet vent shall be above the
top or above the center line of the horizontal drain it serves except as specifically
prohibited in 248 CMR 10.16(8)(e).
3. Toilets in a bathroom below the top floor need not be individually vented if the two
inch wet vented waste, serving the lavatories and bath tubs or showers connect directly
to the horizontal portion of the fixture branch for the toilet by breaking the centerline or
connect above the centerline of the horizontal fixture drain servicing the toilet.
(e) Piping Not to Serve as Wet Vents . A waste and vent that serves a kitchen sink, a
garbage disposal, a dish washer, or other fixture installed for culinary use, or one that
receives the discharge from a clothes washing machine may not serve as a wet vent for any
other fixture.
(9) Stack Venting .
(a) Plumbing Fixtures at the Top Interval of a Stack .
1 . Plumbing fixtures at the highest level may enter into a three-inch soil or waste stack.
2. The continuations of the three-inch soil or waste stack as a vent through the roof or
re-vented into the vent system above the highest fixture shall be accepted, provided that:
a. all such fixtures shall enter said stack independently;
b. the waste pipe from all fixtures shall have a pitch of not more than 14-inch pitch
per foot;
c. the toilet and bathtub or shower drain connect to the stack at the same level; and
d. the traps from all fixtures shall be placed in compliance with 248 CMR
10.16(12): Table r. Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent.
(b) Stack Venting . Provided there is a soil and/or waste stack in a building as required
under 248 CMR 10.16(5)(a), the continuation in an upwards direction of the vertical waste
for a toilet may be reduced to two inch and serve as the vent for the toilet and the waste for
a lavatory, bath tub or shower stall, and a kitchen sink.
(c) Back to Back Installation (Stack Vented*) . Bathroom groups installed back to back shall
be permissible provided they comply with the provisions of 248 CMR 10.16(9)(a).
(10) Common Vents .
(a) Individual Vent as Common Vent . An individual vent, installed vertically, may be.used
as a conmnon vent for two fixture traps when both fixture drains connect with a vertical drain
at the same level.
(b) Side by Side . If two bathtubs or similar flat bottom fixtures are installed back to back
or side by side, a common vent may be used in a vertical position to serve as the vent for both
fixtures.
3/11/05 248 CMR -197
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.16: continued
(c) Different Levels . A vertical vent may be used for two fixtures that are located in the
same branch interval but connected to the stack at different levels, not exceeding ten inches
center to center, provided:
1 . The vertical drain is one pipe diameter larger than the upper fixture drain but is not
smaller than the lower fixture drain, whichever is the larger.
2. That both wastes for said fixtures conform to 248 CMR 10.16(12): Table 1: Distance
of Fixture Trap from Vent.
(d) Fixtures Back-to-back . Two fixtures set back-to-back, within the distance allowed
between a trap and its vent, may be served with one continuous soil or waste vent pipe,
provided that each fixture wastes separately into a double sanitai^ drainage tee fitting having
inlet openings at the same level.
(e) Horizontal Waste Branch .
1 . Two lavatories or similar fixtures installed adjacent or back-to-back within six feet
of a main vented stack, proper wet vent, or continuous waste and vent, may be installed
on a two inch horizontal waste branch without re-venting, provided:
a. the horizontal waste branch is not less than two inches throughout its entire
length; and
b. the fixture wastes are connected into the side center of the branch.
2. Back-to-back waste connections shall be through fittings with sufficient directional
flow design to assure separate enti'ance of each waste into the horizontal branch.
3. The branch waste shall connect with its stack at a grade of not more than 14-inch per
foot.
(11) Circuit and Loop Venting .
(a) Battery Venting .
1 . A horizontal branch drain soil or waste pipe may be vented by a circuit or loop vent
that shall be installed downstream of the last fixture connection of the battery if the
horizontal branch drain soil or waste pipe:
a. is uniformly sized; and
b. has connected to it two, but not more than eight floor outlet toilets, pedestal
urinals, trap standard to floor fixtures, shower stalls, shower ba^es or floor drains, or
any combination thereof, that are connected in battery and, discharge into the side
and center of the horizontal battery branch drain.
2. In addition, lower floor branches serving fixtures as described above in 248 CMR
10.1 6(1 )(b), shall be provided with a relief vent installed downstream of the first fixture
connection of the battery and shall connect at the top of the horizontal battery branch
drain to the circuit or loop vent.
3. Where only two fixtures that are battery waste and vented are installed on the same
branch, a relief vent as described above shall not be required.
4. When wall hung or wall outlet fixtures such as urinals, lavatories or similar fixtures
discharge into the horizontal battery branch, the fixture waste from these fixtures shall
be individual or common vented. (See 248 CMR 10.22: Figure 8: Illustration of
Battery Circuit Vent Multiple Floors and 248 CMR 10.22: Figure 9: Illustration of
Battery Loop Vent Multiple Floors).
5. Batteries of more than eight fixtures as described in 248 CMR 10.16(1 l)(a)l.b. may
be installed, providing a vent as described above is installed for each eight or less of the
fixtures so connected.
(b) Dual Branches . When parallel branches serve fixtures as described in 248 CMR
10.16(1 l)(a) all of the provisions and requirements of 248 CMR 10.16(1 l)(a) shall prevail,
except that the fixture connections to each parallel horizontal branch shall be limited to 50%
of the fixture connection permitted on a horizontal branch in 248 CMR 10.16(1 l)(a).
(c) Vent Connections . When the circuit, loop or relief vent connections are taken off the
horizontal branch, the vent branch connection shall be taken off at a vertical angle above the
centerline of the drain or from the top of the horizontal branch.
(d) Fixtures Back-to-back in Battery . When fixtures are connected to one horizontal branch
thi'ough a sanitary tee installed in a vertical position:
1. A common vent for each two fixtures back-to-back or double connection shall be
considered acceptable.
3/11/05 ' 248 CMR -198
10.16: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
2. The common vent shall be installed in a vertical position as a continuation of the
double fixture connection.
(12) Fixture Vents .
(a) Distance of Trap from Vent . Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located
that the slope and the developed length in the fixture drain from the trap weir to the vent
fitting are within the requirements set forth in 248 CMR 10.16(12): Table J: Distance of
Fixture Trap from Vent.
TABLE ]
DISTANCE OF FIXTURE TRAP FROM VENT
Size of Fixture Drain,
Inches
Distance Trap to Vent,
Feet
V/2
5'
2
6-
3
8'
4
10'
slope not to exceed Vi-inch per foot
(b) Venting of Fixture Drain Below Trap .
1 . The vent pipe openings from a soil or waste pipe, except for toilets and similar
fixtures, shall not be below the top weir of the trap.
2. An exception to 248 CMR I0.16(12)(b) will be permitted if the following
requirements are satisfied:
a. The fixture has a flat bottom with a minimum area of 144 square inches.
b. The horizontal section of the fixture waste must comply with 248 CMR
10.16(12): Table 1: Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent and the vertical section
shall be at least one pipe size larger than the fixture trap and waste arm.
c. The vent opening shall be as high and close to the fixture as possible and the vent
piping shall be installed to comply with 248 CMR ,10. 16(7).
(c) Floor-mounted Fixture Outlet .
1 . When installing the piping for a floor outlet type toilet or similar fixture, the vertical
piping distance shall not exceed 20 inches from the finish floor of the fixture served to
the center line of the horizontal drain serving such fixture.
2. If the vertical distance exceeds 20 inches the fixture shall be individually vented.
(13) Size and Length of Vents .
(a) Size of Individual Vents . The minimum diameter of an individual vent shall be not less
than 1 Vi-inch nor less than Vi the diameter of the drain to which it connects.
(b) Size of Relief Vents . Thediameterof a relief vent shall be not less than V^z the diameter
of the soil or waste branch to which it connects when fixtures are battery connected.
(c) Size of Circuit or Loop Vents . The diameter of a circuit or loop vent shall be not less
than V2 the diameter of the soil or waste branch to which it connects when fixtures are battery
connected.
(d) Length and Size of Vent Stacks . The length and size of the vent stack or main vent shall
be based on the total fixture units and its developed length from the lowest connection of the
vent system with the soil stack, waste stack, or building drain, to the vent stack terminal to
the open air.
(e) Size of Vents . The vent pipe sizes shall be determined from their developed length and
the total number of fixture units connected thereto, as listed in 248 CMR 10.16(16): Table
2: Size and Lengths of Vents. This table shall be used to size all vents, except for those vents
that are specifically sized elsewhere in 248 CMR 1.00 through 10.00.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 199
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.16: continued
(14) Future Venting .
(a) In the basement of every building there shall be an accessible future vent connection.
(b) Buildings that require a main vent stack shall have a future vent connection full size of
the vent stack. In all other buildings (including residential) there shall be a minimum of a
two inch future vent connection.
(c) All future vent connections shall be drip connected identified and labeled "Future
Vent".
(15) Combination Waste-and-vent System . Special Permission Required. See 248 CMR
3.04(3)(b).
(a) A combination waste-and-vent system is limited to the installation of floor drains and
sinks.
(b) A combination waste-and-vent system consists of a wet vented mstallation of waste
piping in which fixture drains are not individually vented.
(c) Every drainage pipe in a combination waste-and-vent system shall be not less than two
pipe sizes larger than the size required in 248 CMR 10. 15.
(16) Venting of Sumps and Ejectors .
(a) Size of Vents . Thesizeandlengthof all vent pipes serving building sanitary sumps and
ejectors shall be determined from, and in accordance with 248 CMR 10.16(16): Table 3:
Size and Lengths of Sump Vents.
(b) Pneumatic Ejector .
1. The air pressure relief pipe from a pneumatic ejector shall not be connected to the
regular venting system, but shall be vented independently to the atmosphere through the
roof.
2. The relief pipe shall be of sufficient size to relieve air pressure inside ejector
atmospheric pressure within ten seconds, but shall be not less than one inch in diameter.
(c) Automatic Vent Fittings .
1 . The automatic vent fitting shall be installed in the vertical position not less than six
inches above the crown of the trap it serves.
2. The piping distance from the trap outlet to the automatic vent fitting shall not be
more than 12 inches,
3. The tailpiece from the fixture to trap shall not be longer than 12 inches.
4. The automatic vent fitting shall be installed on the run of a T-Y in the vertical or
branch of a T-Y in the horizontal with the T-Y installed so the direction of flow is with
the flow of waste.
5. The automatic vent fitting shall be installed in a location readily accessible for
inspection and replacement. It shall never be installed in a concealed location.
6. Automatic vent fittings are not permitted, except with Special-permission from the
Board.
(d) Air Admittance Valves .
1 . Air Admittance Valves are not permitted, except with Special-perrrussion from the
Board.
2. An individual vent, branch vent, wet vent, circuit vent, vent stack, or stack vent shall
be permitted to terminate with a connection to an air admittance valve. Air admittance
valves shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
3/11/05 248 CMR -200
10.16: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
TABLE 2
SIZE AND LENGTHS OF VENTS
Diameter of
Soil or Waste
Stack or Branch
in Inches
Total Fixture
Units Connected
to Stack or Branch
in Fixture Units
11/4
11/2
2
2'/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
W2
4
50
150
2
10
25
50
150
2^2
28
30
100
300
3
7
42
150
360
1040
3
21
32
110
270
810
3
53
27
94
230
680
3
102
25
86
210
620
4
43
35
85
250
980
4
140
27
65
200
750
4
320
23
55
170
640
4
530
21
50
150
580
5
190
28
82
320
990
5
490
21
63
250
760
5
940
18
53
210
640
5
1,400
16
49
190
590
6
500
33
130
400
1,000
6
1,100
26
100
310
780
6
2,000
22
84
260
660
6
2,900
20
77
240
600
8
1,800
31
95
240
940
8
3,400
24
73
190
720
8
5,600
20
62
160
610
8
7,600
18
56
140
560
10
4,000
31
78
310
960
10
7,200
24
60
240
740
10
11,000
20
51
200
630
10
15,000
18
46
180
570
Note 1: Table 2 shall also apply to the sizing of vents for branch soil and waste lines.
To determine size of vent, use the following procedure:
a. Compute total number of fixture units, using 248 CMR 10. 1 5(7): Table 1: Fixture
Unit Values for Various Plumbing Fixtures and 248 CMR 10. 1 5(2)(b).
b. Knowing total fixture unit load, refer to 248 CMR 10.15(7): Table 3: Maximum
Loads in Fixture Units for Soil and Waste Stacks Having One or Two Branch Intervals
or 248 CMR 10. 15(7): Table 4: Maximum Loads in Fixture Units for any One Branch
Interval on Multistory Soil and Waste Stacks depending on number of intervals, to
determine size of stack.
c. With selected stack size and total fixture unit load refer to 248 CMR
10.16(16): ■ Table 2: Size ondLengths of Vents and determine size of vent. Follow same
procedure to determine size of vents for branch soil and waste lines.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 201
10.16: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
TABLE 3
SIZE AND LENGTHS OF SUMP VENTS'
Diameter of Drain to
Sump'
Diameter of Vent (inches)
Wa
\Vi
2
2?/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
2
23
52
290
2'/2
5
13
89
290
3
2
30
110
290
4
1
17
57
280
5
10
80
280
6
20
97
280
8
3
41
270
10
1
53
250
12
61
230
Note 1: Where more than one drain connects to the sump, size vent on the basis of a drain diameter having
a cross sectional area equal to the sum of the areas of the multiple drains.
Note 2: The above values provide for a maximum of one inch pressure drop in the system
10.17: Storm Drains
(1) Storm Water Drainage to Sewer Prohibited . Storm u/ater shall not be drained into sewers
intended for sewage only.
(2) Size of Building Storm Drain . The size of the building storm drainage system including all
horizontal branches having a slope of Vi inch or less per foot, shall be based upon the maximum
projected roof or paved surface area to be handled according to 248 CMR 10.17(2): Table 1:
Size of Horizontal Storm Drains.
TABLE 1
SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINS
Diameter of Drain,
Inches
Maximum Projected Roof Area for Storm Drains of Various Slopes
Ve inch Slope
Va inch Slope
Vi inch Slope
Square Feet
Squai-e Feet
Square Feet
3
1,160
1,644
4
1,880
2,650
3,760
5
3,340
4,720
6,680
6
5,350
7,550
10,700
8
11,500
16,300
23,000
10
20,700
29,200
41,400
12
33,300
47,000
66,600
15
59,500
84,000
119,000
Note 1 : Table 1 is based upon a maximum rate of rainfall four inches per hour.
(a) Vertical Storm Conductor . A vertical storm conductor shall be based upon the
maximum projected roof area to be drained according to 248 CMR 10. 17(2): Table 2: Size
of Vertical Storm Drain Conductors and Outside Leaders.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 202
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.17: continued
TABLE 2
SIZE OF VERTICAL STORJVI DRAIN CONDUCTORS AND OUTSIDE LEADERS
Maximum
Projected Roof
Area
(Square Feet)
Diameter of Storm
Conductor or
Outside Leader
(Inches)
Maximum
Projected Roof
Area
(Square Feet)
Diameter of Storm
Conductor or
Outside Leader
(Inches)
720
2
8,650
5
1,300
IVi
13,500
6
2,200
3
29,000
8
4,600
4
(3) Values for Continuous Flow . Where there is a continuous or semi-continuous discharge
into the building slorm drain or building storm sewer, as from a condensate pump, ejector, air
conditioning equipment, or similar device discharging cleaj- water waste, each gallon per minute
of such discharge shall be computed as being equivalent to 24 square feet of roof ai'ea, (based
upon a four-inch rainfall.)
(4) Building Sub-drains .
(a) Building sub-drains located inside the building below the public gravity storm sewer
level shall discharge into a sump or receiving tank.
(b) The contents of the sump or receiving tank shall be automatically lifted and discharged
into the storm drainage system as required for building sumps.
(5) Sub-soil Drains .
(a) When a subsoil drain for a building is subject to backwater:
1 . An accessibly located backwater valve shall protect the subsoil drain.
2. Sub-soil drains may discharge into a properly trapped area drain or sump.
3. Such sumps do not require vents.
4. Piping used for sub-soil drains shall not be less than four inches in diameter.
(b) Materials for sub-soil drains shall comply with 248 CMR 10.06 and the following
requirements shall be satisfied.
1 . Piping may be either perforated or installed with open joints.
2. Spigot end lengths shall have joints protected with screens securely fastened to pipes.
3. Screens and fastenings shall be non-ferrous or other approved corrosion resisting
material.
4. Perforated piping shall be installed with sealed joints.
5. All sub-soil drain piping shall be installed with sufficient pea stone or similar
aggregate to permit the flow of ground water to the piping.
(c) Area Drains .
1 . All area drains shall be connected to the storm water drainage system.
2. They shall be provided with a trap and back-water valve in an accessible location that
is not subject to freezing.
(d) Size of Area Drains .
1 . Area drains shall be of size to serve efficiently the square foot area for which they are
intended to drain in accordance with 248 CMR 10.17(2): Table 1: Size of Horizontal
Storm Drains.
2. The outlet pipe shall not be less than three inches in nominal diameter.
(6) Tra ps on Storm Drains and Leaders .
(a) Where Required . Conductors and storm drains serving low roofs when connected to a
combined sewer shall be trapped.
(b) Where Not Required . No traps shall be required for storm-water drains that are
connected to a sewer carrying storm water exclusively,
(c) Trap Material . Storm water traps, when required, shall be of cast iron.
(d) Trap Size . Traps for individual conductors shall be the same size as the horizontal dr^un
to which they are connected.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 203
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAAHNERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.17: continued
(e) Method of Installation .
1. Individual storm-water traps shall be installed on the storm-water drain branch
serving each conductor, or a single trap shall be installed in the main storm drain just
before its connection with the combined building, sewer main, drain, or public sewer.
2. Conductor traps shall be located so that an accessible cleanout may be installed on
the building side of the trap.
(7) Conductors/Leaders and Connections .
(a) Not to be Used Improperly .
1. Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil, waste, or vent pipes.
2. Sanitary drainage or vent pipes shall not be used as conductors.
(b) Protection of Rain Water Leaders . Rain water leaders installed along alley ways,
driveways, or other locations where they may be exposed to damage shall be:
1 . protected by metal guards; or
2. recessed into the wall.
(c) Combining Storm with Sanitarv Drainage .
1 . The sanitary and storm drainage system of a building shall be entirely separate.
2. Where a combined sewer is available, the building storm sewer may be connected to
the building sanitary sewer in the same horizontal plane through a single wye fitting to
form a combined building sewer at least ten feet outside the inside face of the foundation
wall.
(d) Offsets .
1. Offsets of 45° or less from the vertical, and offsets of more than 45° from the vertical
that do not exceed ten feet in length, shall be sized according to 248 CMR
10.17(2); Table!: Size of Vertical Storm Drain Conductors and Outside Leaders.
2. Offsets of more than 45° from the vertical in excess of ten feet shall be sized
according to 248 CMR 10.17(2): Table 1: Size of Horizontal Strom Drains.
(8) Roof Drains .
(a) Material of Roof Drains . Roof drains shall be of cast iron, copper, or other approved
corrosion-resisting material.
(b) Roof Drain Strainers .
1. General Use .
a. All roof areas, except those draining to hanging scuppers and gutters, shall be
equipped with roof drain assemblies having strainers that extend not less than four
inches above the surface of the roof that is immediately adjacent to the roof drain
assembly.
b. Strainers shall have an available inlet area, that lays upon the roof level, of not
less than IV2 times the area of the conductor to which the roof drain assembly is
connected.
c. Roof drain assemblies that serve vehicle parking decks oj' that serve the outside
top level of open parking garages shall convey storm discharge to a independent gas,
oil and sand interceptor/separator in accordance with 248 CMR 10.09(l)(b) and shall
discharge to the storm drainage system or other approved method of disposal.
2. Flat Decks . Roof drain strainers for use on sun decks, parking decks, and similar
areas, normally serviced and maintained, may be of the flat surface type, level with the
deck and shall have an available inlet area not less than two times the area of the
conductor to which the drain is connected.
3 . Roof Drain Flashings Requu-ed . The connection between roofs and roof drains which
pass into the interior of the building shall be made watertight by the use of proper
flashing methods and material.
(9) Expansion Joints Required . Expansionjoints or sleeves shall be provided where warranted
by temperature variations or physical conditions.
(10) Sanitary and Storm Sewers . Where separate systems of sanitary drainage and storm water
are installed in the same property, the storm and sanitary building sewers and drains may be laid
side by side in the same trench.
3/11/05 248 CMR -204
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.18-. Hospital Fixtures
(1) General . The plumbing system in a hospital shall conform to the following requirements.
(a) It shall meet the criteria of 248 CMR 10. 1 8.
(b) It shall conform to all other requirements contained in the body of 248 CMR 3.00
through 10.00.
(c) It shall conform to the requirements of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection.
(2) Definitions .
The following definitions shall be used for 248 CMR 10.18.
Aspirator . An aspirator is a fitting or device supplied with water or other fluid under positive
pressure which passes through an integral orifice or "constriction" causing a vacuum. Aspirators
are often refen'ed to as "suction" apparatus, and are similar in operation to an ejector.
Autopsy Table . An autopsy table is a fixture or table used for the post-mortem examination of
a body.
Bedpan Hopper CClinic Siirky A bedpan hopper is a fixture meeting the design requirements of
fixture, sometimes called a clinic sink.
Bedpan Steamer . A bedpan steamer is a fixture used for scalding bedpans or urinals by direct
application of steam.
Bedpan Washer . A bedpan washer is a fixture designed to wash bedpans and to flush the
contents into the soil drainage system. It may also be provided for steaming the utensils with
steam or hot water.
Bedpan Washer Hose . A bedpan washer hose is a device supplied with hot and/or cold water
and located adjacent to a toilet or clinic sink to be used for cleansing bedpans.
Clinic Sink . 5eeBedpanHopper and 248 CMR 10.1 8(3)(b).
Flushing Type Floor Drain . A flushing type floor drain is a floor drain which is equipped with
an integral water supply, enabling flushing of the drain receptor and trap.
Lx)cal Vent Stack . A local vent stack is a vertical pipe to which connections are made from the
fixture side of traps and through Nvhich vapor and/or foul air may be removed from the fixture
or device used on bedpan washers.
Sterilizer. Boiling Type . A boiling type "sterilizer" is a fixture (non-pressure type) used for
boiling instruments, utensils, and/or other equipment (used for disinfection). Some devices are
portable, others are connected to the plumbing system.
Sterilizer Instrument . See Sterilizer, Boiling Type.
Sterilizer, Pressure Instrument Washer-Sterilizer . A pressure instrument washer-sterilizer is a
fixture (pressure vessel) designed to both wash and sterilize instruments during the operating
cycle of the fixture.
Sterilizer. Pressure (Autoclave) . A pressure sterilizer is a fixture (pressure vessel) designed to
use steam under pressure for sterilizing. A pressure sterilizer is also called an Autoclave.
Sterilizer. Utensil . See Sterilizer, Boiling Type.
3/11/05 248 CMR -205
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
Sterilizer Vent . A sterilizer vent is a separate pipe or stack, indirectly connected to the building
drainage system at the lower terminal, which receives the vapors from non-pressure sterilizers,
or the exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the vapors directly to the outer air,
sometimes called vapor, steam, atmospheric or exhaust vent.
Sterilizer Water . A water sterilizer is a device for sterilizing water and storing sterile water.
Still . A still is a device used in distilling liquids.
(3) Fixtures .
(a) General . Product-approved flush rim bedpan hoppers (clinic sinks), bedpan washers,
and/or other acceptable fixtures and equipment shall be provided for:
1 . the disposing of bedpan contents; and
2. the cleansing and disinfection of bedpans in soiled utility (hopper) rooms.
(b) Clinic Sink .
1. A clinic sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap
seal provides a water surface.
2. The fixture shall be so designed as to permit complete removal of the contents by
siphon and/or blowout action, and to reseaJ the trap.
3. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface.
4. The fixtures shall have flushing and cleansing characteristics similar to a toilet.
(c) Prohibited Use of Clinic Sinks and Service Sinks .
1 . A clinic sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be considered as a substitute for,
nor shall it be used as a janitor's service sink.
2. A janitor's service sink shall not be used for the disposal of urine, fecal matter, or
other human wastes.
(d) Ice Prohibited in Soiled Utility Rooms .
1 . No machine for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage of ice
shall be located in a soiled utility room.
2. Machines for manufacturing ice, or devices for handling or storage of ice intended
for either human consumption or packs, may be located in clean utility room, floor
pantry, or diet kitchen.
(4) Sterilizer Equipment Requirements .
(a) De-scaling of Equipment Prohibited . It shall be unlawful to de-scale or otherwise
submit the interior of water sterilizers, stills, or similar equipment to acid or other chemical
solutions while the equipment is connected to the water and/or drainage system.
(b) ASME Standard . New pressure sterilizers and pressure instruments washer-sterihzers
hereafter installed, shall display in a location to be clearly visible at all times, the ASME
Standard symbol and data plate.
(c) Sterilizer Piping . All sterilizer piping and/or devices necessary for the operation of
sterilizers shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance.
(d) Condensers .
1. Pressure sterilizers shall be equipped with an acceptable means of condensing and
cooling the exhaust steam vapors.
2. Non-pressure sterilizers should be equipped with an acceptable device which shall
automatically control the vapors in a manner to confine them within the vessel, or
equipped with an acceptable means of condensing and cooling of vapors.
(e) Gas Fued Equipment . Gas fired equipment or apparatus shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of the Massachusetts Fuel Gas Code 248 CMR 4.00 through 7.00.
(5) Special Elevations .
(a) Control valves, vacuum outlets, and devices which protrude from a wall of an operating,
emergency, recovery, examining, or delivery room, or a corridor and/or other locations where
patients may be transported on a wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation which
will preclude bumping the patient or stretcher against the device.
(b) When necessary to install at a lower elevation, safety precautions should be taken to
protect the personnel.
3/11/05 248 CMR -206
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
(6) Plumbine in Hospitals for the Psychologically Impaired.
(a) In hospitals/facilities for the psychologically impaired exceptional consideration should
be given to piping, controls, and fittings of plumbing fixtures given the nature of the patients.
(b) No pipes or traps shall be exposed and fixtures shall be substantially secured to walls.
(7) Drainage and Venting .
(a) Ice Storage Chest Drains .
1. Any drain serving an ice chest or box shall discharge over an indirect waste receptor
separate from all other fixture wastes.
2. Each terminal shall discharge through an air gap above the receptor.
3. The end shall be covered with a removable screen of not less than ten-mesh per inch,
and if discharging vertically, the terminal shall be cut at an angle of 45°.
(b) Bedpan Washers and Clinic Sinks . Bedpan washers and clinic sinks shall be:
1 . connected to the soil pipe system; and
2. vented following the requirements as applied to toilets, except that bedpan washers
require additional local vents.
(8) Sterilizer Wastes .
(a) Indirect Wastes Required .
1 . All sterilizers shall be provided with individual and separate indirect wastes, with air
gaps of not less than two diameters of the waste tailpiece.
2. The upper rim of the receptor, funnel, or basket type waste fitting shall be not less
than two inches below the vessel or piping, whichever is lower.
3. Except as provided in 248 CMR 10.18(8)(c) and 10.18(8)(e) a "P" trap shall be
installed on the discharge side of, and immediately below, the indirect waste connection
serving each sterilizer.
(b) Floor Drain Required . In all recess rooms containing the recessed, or concealed portions
of sterilizers, not less than one acceptable floor drain, connecting to the drainage system,
shall be installed in a manner to drain the entire floor area.
(c) Recess Room Floor Drains. Trap Seal Maintenance .
1 . The recess room floor drain waste and trap shall be a minimum diameter of three
inches.
2. It shall receive the drainage from at least one sterilizer within the recess room to
assure maintenance of the floor drain trap seal.
3. The sterilizer drain shall be installed on a branch taken off between the floor drain
trap and the drain head.
4. No individual sterilizer waste trap shall be required on this type of installation.
(d) Prohibited Connections .
1, Branch funnel and branch basket type fittings, except as provided in 248 CMR
1 0. 1 8(8)(e) are prohibited on any new installation or when relocating existing equipment.
2. Existing branch funnel or branch basket type installations shall be provided with an
acceptable indirect waste below the branch connections.
(e) Battery Assemblies . A battery assembly of not more than three sterilizer wastes may
drain to one trap, provided:
1 . The trap and waste are sized according to the combined fixture unit rating.
2. The trap is located immediately below one of the indirect waste connections.
3. The developed distance of a branch does not exceed eight feet.
4. The branches change direction through a tee-wye or wye pattern fitting.
(f) Bedpan Steamers, Additional Trap Required . A trap with a minimum seal of three
inches shall be provided in a bedpan steamer drain located between the fixture and the
indirect waste connection.
(g) Pressure Sterilizer .
1 . Except when an exhaust condenser is used a pressure sterihzer chamber drain may
be connected to the exhaust drip tube before terminating at the indirect waste connection,
2. If a vapor trap is used, it shall be designed and installed to prevent moisture being
aspirated into the sterilizer chamber.
3. The jacket steam condensate return, if not connected to a gravity steam condensate
return, shall be separately and indirectly wasted.
3/11/05 248 CMR -207
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
4. If necessary to cool a high temperature discharge, a cooling receiver, trapped on its
discharge side, may serve as the fixture trap,
(h) Pressure Sterilizer Exhaust Condensers .
1. The drain from the condenser shall be installed with an indirect waste as prescribed
in 248 CMR 1.00 through 10.00.
2. If condensers are used on pressure sterilizers, the chamber drain shall have a separate
indirect waste connection.
(i) Water Sterilizer . All water sterilizer drains, including tank, valve leakage, condenser,
filter and cooling, shall be installed with indirect waste or according to 248 CMR
10.18(8)(b).
(j) Pressure Instrument Washer-sterilizer .
1. The pressure instrument washer-sterilizer chamber drain and overflow may be
interconnected. They also may be interconnected with the condenser.
2. The indirect waste shall follow the provision set forth in 248 CMR 3.00 through
10.00.
(k) Aspirators .
1. In operating rooms, emergency rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, examining
rooms, autopsy rooms, and other locations except laboratories where aspirators are
installed for removing blood, pus and/or other fluids, the discharge from any aspirator
shall be indirectly connected to the drainage system.
2. The suction line of an aspirator shall be provided with a bottle or similar trap to
protect the water supply.
(9) Central Vacuum and/or Disposal Systems .
(a) Wastes . The waste from a central vacuum (fluid suction) system of the disposal type
and/or which is connected to the drainage system whether the disposal be by barometric leg,
collecting tanks, or bottles, shall be directly connected to the sanitary drainage system
through a trapped waste.
(b) Piping .
1 . The piping of a central vacuum (fluid suction) system shall be of con-osion resistant
material having a smooth interior surface.
2. No branches shall be less than one inch for one outlet and sized according to the
number of vacuum outlets, and no main shall be less than one inch.
3. The; pipe sizing shall be increased according to the manufacturer's recommendation
as stations are increased.
4. All piping shall be provided with adequate and accessible clean-out facilities on
mains and branches, and shall be accessible for inspection, maintenance, and
replacements.
(c) Water Systems for Space Cooling and Heating Condensate Drains .
1 . The lowest point of a condensate riser or risers shall be trapped and discharged over
an indirect waste sink.
2. The trap may be either "P" or a "running trap" with a cleanout.
3. A branch shall be installed upstream from the condensate drain trap for flushing and
resealing purposes.
4. The condensate drain and trap shall be located above the lowest floor level of the
building.
(10) Vent Material . Material for local vents serving bedpan washers and sterilizer vents serving
sterilizers, shall be sufficiently rust proof, erosion and corrosion resistant to withstand:
(a) intermittent wetting and drying from steam vapors;
(b) the distilled water solvent action of the steam vapors; and
(c) frequent and immediate changes of temperatures.
(11) Vent Connections Prohibited .
(a) Connections between local vents serving bedpan washers, sterilizer vents serving
sterilizing apparatus, and/or normal sanitary plumbing systems, are prohibited.
(b) Only one type of apparatus shall be served by a given vent.
3/11/05 248 CMR -208
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
(12) Local Vents and Stacks . Bedpan Washers .
(a) Bedpan washers shall be vented to the outer atmosphere above the roof by means of one
or more local vents.
(b) The local vent for a bedpan washer shall be not less than a two-inch diameter pipe.
(c) A local vent serving a single bedpan washer may drain to the fixture served.
(13) Multiple Installations .
(a) Where bedpan washers are located above each other on more than one floor, a local vent
stack may be installed to receive the local vent on the various floors.
(b) Not more than three bedpan washers shall be connected to a two-inch local vent stack,
six to a three-inch local vent stack, and 12 to a four-inch local vent stack.
(c) In multiple installations, the connections between a bedpan washer local vent and local
vent stack shall be made by use of the tee or tee-wye sanitary pattern drainage fittings,
installed in an upright position.
(d) Trap Required .
1 . The bottom of the local vent stack, except when serving only one bedpan washer,
shall be drained by means of a trapped and vented waste connection to the plumbing
sanitary drainage system.
2. The trap and waste shall be the same size as the local vent stack.
(14) Tra p Seal Maintenance .
(a) A water supply of not less than '^-inch minimum tubing shall be taken from the flush
supply of each bedpan washer on the discharge or fixture side of the vacuum breaker, trapped
to form not less than a three-inch seal, and connected to the local vent stack on each floor.
(b) The water supply shall be so installed as to provide a supply of water to the local vent
stack for cleansing and drain trap seal maintenance each time a bedpan washer is flushed.
(15) Sterilizer. Vents and Stacks .
(a) Connections .
1. Multiple installations of pressure and non-pressure sterilizers shall have their vent
connections to the sterilizer vent stack made by means of inverted wye fittings.
2. Such vent connections shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance.
(b) Drainage .
1. The connection between the sterilizer vent stack shall be designed and installed to
drain to the funnel or basket-type waste fitting.
2. In multiple installations, the sterilizer vent stack shall be drained separately to the
lowest sterilizer funnel or basket-type waste fitting or receptor.
(16) Sterilizer Vent Stack Sizes ,
(a) Bedpan Steamers .
1 . The minimum size of a sterilizer vent serving a bedpan steamer shall be IVz inches
in diameter.
2. Multiple installations shall be sized according to 248 CMR 10.18(16): Table 1:
Stack Sizes for Bedpan Steamers and Boiling Type Sterilizers, (number of connections
of various sizes sterilizer vent stacks).
3/11/05 248 CMR -209
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
TABLE 1
STACK SIZES FOR BEDPAN STEAMERS AND BOILING TYPE STERILIZERS
Stack Size
Connection Size
1 Vi inches
2 inches
lV2-inch'
1 or
2 - inch'
2 or 1
2 - inch'
1 and 1
3 - inch'
4 or 2
3 - inch'
2 and 2
4 - inch'
8 or 4
4 - inch'
4 and 4
Note 1 : Total of each siz,e
Note 2: Combination of sizes
(b) Boiling Type Sterihzers .
1. The minimum size of a sterilizer vent stack shall be two inches in diameter when
serving a utensil sterilizer, and one inch in diameter when serving an instrument
sterilizer.
2. Combinations of building type sterilizer vent connections shall be based on i248 CMR
10.18(16): Table 1: Stack Sizes for Bedpan Steamers and Boiling Type Sterilizers.
(c) Pressure Sterilizers . Sterilizer vent stacks shall be IVi inches minimum; those serving
combinations of pressure sterilizer exhaust connections shall be sized according to 248 CMR
10.18(16): Table 2: Stack Sizes for Pressure Sterilizers.
(d) Pressure Instrument Washer-Sterilizer Sizes .
1 . The minimum size of a sterilizer vent stack serving an instrument washer-sterilizer,
shall be two inches in diameter.
2. Not more than two sterilizers shall be installed on a two-inch stack, and not more
than four on a three-inch stack.
TABLE 2
STACK SIZES FOR PRESSURE STERILIZERS
Number of Connections of Various Sizes
Permitted to Various Size Vent Stacks
Stack Size
Connection Size
3/4
1 inch
IVa inch
1 Vi inch
P/2-inch'
3
or
2
or
1
P/2-inch'
2
and
1
2 - inch'
6
or
3
or
2
or
1
2 - Inch'
3
and
2
2 - inch'
2
and
1
and
1
2 - inch'
1
and
1
and
1
3 - inch'
15
or
7
or
5
or
3
3 - inch'
1
?and
2
and
2
3 - inch'
1
and
5
and
1
Note 1 : Combination of sizes
Note 2: Total of each size
(17) Radioactive Materials .
(a) All radioactive materials shall be disposed of in a manner so as to create no hazard to
operation and maintenance personnel of the institution or to the public.
(b) Specific permission shall be secured from the State Department of Public Health to
dispose of any radioactive material to the drainage system.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 210
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
(18) Water Supply .
(a) Water Service . All hospitals shall have dual services installed in a manner to provide
an uninterrupted supply of water in case of a water main break.
(b) Hot Water Heater and Tanks .
1 . The hot water equipment shall have sufficient capacity to supply water at 125°F for
hospital fixtures; water at 180°F for kitchens; and water at 180°F for laundry.
2. Where direct fired hot water heaters are used, they shall be of an approved high
pressure type.
3. Submerged steam heating coils should be of copper. Storage tanks shall be fabricated
of non-corrosive metal or be lined with non-corrosive material.
(c) Hot Water Supply System .
1 . Hot water circulating mains and risers should be run from the hot water storage tank
to a point directly below the highest fixture at the end of each branch main.
2. Where the building is higher than three stories, each riser shall be circulated.
3. Each main, branch main, riser and branch to a group of fixtures of the water system
shall be provided with valves.
(19) Vacuum Breaker Installation .
(a) Hose Connections . For ordinary hose connections the maximum height at which any
hose is to be used shall be treated at its flood level.
(b) Low Volume Flows .
1 . Where low volume flows might cause leaking or spitting at the vacuum breaker parts,
back pressure may be developed by installing an acceptable minimum orifice valve on
the discharge side of the vacuum breaker. This shall be in addition to the regular control
valve.
2. Low volume flow installation shall be subject to review and acceptance by the
Inspector.
(c) Prohibited Toilet and Clinic Sink Supp ly.
1 . No jet or water supplied orifices, except those supplied by the flush connection, shall
be located in and/or connected with a toilet bowl or clinic sink.
2. 248 CMR 10. 1 8 shall not prohibit an acceptable bidet installation.
(d) Special Equipment. Water Supply Protection . 248 CMR 10.18(19): Table 3:
Hospital Fixtures and Their Water Supply Protection, sets forth the requirements which
shall be followed in protecting the water supply for hospital fixtures against backflow or
backsiphonage.
3/11/05 248 CMR -211
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
TABLE 3
HOSPITAL FIXTURES AND THEIR WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION
Fixtures
Type of Protection'
Remarks
Aspirators:
Laboratory
Vacuum breaker
Portable
Vacuum breaker
Vacuum system
Vacuum breaker
Bedpan:
Washers
Vacuum breaker
Washer hose
Vacuum breaker
Locate five feet above floor.
Boiling type sterilizer
Air gap
Not less than twice the
effective opening of the water
supply.
Exhaust condenser
Vacuum breaker
Flush floor drain
Vacuum breaker
Hose connection
Vacuum breaker
Locate six feet above floor.
Pressure instrument washer-sterilizer
Vacuum breaker
Pressure Sterilizer
Vacuum breaker
(rubber Tube Testers-Washers)
Vacuum breaker
Vacuum systems
Cleaning
Air gap or vacuum breaker
Fluid suction
Air gap or vacuum breaker
Note 1 : Where vacuum breakers are used, they shall be installed after the last control valve.
(20) Clinical. Hvdrotherapeutic and Radiological Equipment . All clinical, hydrotherapeutic,
radiological, or any equipment, whether mentioned or not, which is water supplied and/or
discharges to the waste system, shall meet the requirements of 248 CMR 10.18 and the
regulations covering cross-connections, air gaps, vacuum breakers, and check valves.
Special Equipment and Devices Found Under These Classes Include :
Clinical
Hydrotherapeutic
Radiological
Other
Dental cuspidors
Control units
Violet X-Ray
Surgical cuspidors
Arm bath
Diagnostic X-Ray
Dental (flush rim) lavatories
Leg bath
Therapy X-Ray
Colonic irrigation
Foot bath
X-Ray target
Sitz bath
Tub bath
X-Ray transformers
Emergency bath
Immersion bath
X-Ray oil tank
Receiving bath
Shower bath
Diffraction
Prenatal bath
Needle bath
X-Ray developing
Infant bath
Tank
Photographic developing
Prophylaxis
-Pool
Film developing
Shampoo
Hose
Microscopic ,
Massage
Syringe
Douche
(21) Condensate Drain Trap Seal .
(a) A water supply shall be provided for cleaning, flushing, and resealing the condensate
trap.
(b) The source of the water supply shall be a refrigerator condenser discharge, a drinking
fountain waste, or other acceptable method of flushing and resealing the trap.
(c) The water supply shall be not less than Vi inch diameter pipe.
3/U/05
248 CMR - 212
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.18: continued
(d) The water supply shall discharge through an air gap not less than twice the diameter of
the supply pipe.
(22) Valve Leakage Diverter . Each water sterilizer which may be filled with water through
directly connected piping, shall be equipped with an acceptable leakage diverter and/or bleed-line
on the water supply control valve to indicate and conduct any leakage of unsterile water away
from the sterile zone.
10. 1 9: Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers
(1) Definitions . The following definitions shall apply to 248 CMR 10.19.
Manufactured Home . Manufactured Home shall mean a structure, built in conformance to the
National Manufactured Home Construction and Safely Standards which is transportable in one
or more sections which in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or 40 body feet
or more in length, or when erected on site, is 320 or more square feet, and which is built on a
permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling unit with or without a permanent
foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air
conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein.
Label . Label means the adhesive-back aluminum foil decal which is permanently affixed to each
transportable section of each manufactured home manufactured for sale in the United States and
which serves as the certification by the manufacturer of conformance with the rules made under
the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standard in effect on the date of
manufacture.
Temporary Construction Trailer . A temporary construction trailer when supplied with toilet
facilities that would be used during construction of a building or structure only.
(2) Scope .
(a) Plumbing in manufactured homes shall comply to the latest Rules and Regulations
established by the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
authorized by the National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards.
(b) Such rules are to be effective as of June 15, 1976.
(c) These rules and regulations supersede all State Plumbing and/or Gas Codes.
(d) Additions or renovations made to the Plumbing and/or Gas Systems of such units shall
be made in compliance with all provisions of M.G.L. c. 142 and 248 CMR 1.00 through
10.00.
(3) Temporary Construction Trailers . Temporary construction trailers are exempt from the
material provisions of 248 CMR. 10.06.
(a) The temporary water and sewer connection to a temporary construction trailer shall be
the same material as supplied with the trailer by the manufacturer.
10.20: Public arnd Semi-public Swimming Pools
(1) General .
(a) All Public and Semi-public swimming pools must be installed in full compliance with
all provisions of 105 CMR 435.000: Minimum Standards for Swimming Pools (State
Sanitary Code: Chapter V).
(b) The issuing of permits, payment of fees, inspection, approval and installation of all
swimming pools must also conform to all provisions of 248 CMR 1.00 through 10.00.
3/11/05 248 CMR -213
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.20: continued
(2) Definitions .
Public Swimming Pool means and includes every artificial pool of water having a depth of two
feet or more at any point and used for swimming or bathing, located indoors or outdoors,
together with the bathhouses, equipment, and appurtenances used in connection with the pool.
It does not include any residential pool as herein defined nor does it include any pool used
primarily for baptismal purposes or the healing arts.
Public Swimming Pool also means every swimming or wading pool admission to which may
be gained by the general public with or without the payment of a fee.
Semi-public Pool :
(a) A semi-public pool is a swimming or wading pool on the premises of, or used in
connection with a hotel, motel, trailer court, apartment house, country club, youth club
school, camp, condominium or similar establishment where the primary purpose of the
establishment is not the operation of the swimming facilities, and where admission to the use
of the pool is included in the fee or consideration paid or given for the primary use of the
premises.
(b) Semi-public pool shall also mean a pool constructed and maintained by gi-oups for the
purposes of providing bathing facilities for members and guests only.
Residential Pool means a swimming or wading pool established or maintained by an individual
for his own or family's use or for the use of personal guests of his household.
Wading Pool means a pool of water in a basin having a maximum depth of less than two feet
intended chiefly as a wading place for children. It does not include any residential pool as herein
defined.
Operator means any person who:
(a) alone or jointly or severally with others owns a public or semi-public swimming pool
or wading pool regulated by 248 CMR 10.00; or
(b) has case, charge or control of such a pool as agent or lessee of the owner or as an
independent contractor.
Person means every individual, partnership, corporation, firm, association or group, including
a city, town, county, or other governmental unit.
Board of Health means the appropriate and legally designated health authority of the city, town
or other legally constituted governmental unit within die Commonwealth having the usual
powers and duties of the board of health of a city or town, or his or its authorized agent or
representative.
(3) Plan Approval .
(a) No person shall construct or install a Public or Semi-public swinmiing or wading pool
or expand, remodel, or otherwise make any change which may affect the compliance of an
existing Public or Semi-public swimming or wading pool with the requirements of 248 CMR
10.00 until the plans and specifications for the construction or change have been approved
in writing by the Board of Health.
(b) Nothing in 248 CMR 10.00 shall affect the authority of any person acting under
appropriate sections of an applicable building, plumbing or electrical code, ordinance or
regulation.
(4) Conformance .
(a) All work shall conform to plans and specifications as approved by the Massachusetts
Department of Public Health or the Board of Health. 105 CMR 435.000: Minimum
Standards for Swimming Pools (State Sanitary Code: Chapter V).
3/11/05 248 CMR -214
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.20: continued
(b) Changes to Plans or Specifications .
1 . Any revision or change in the plans and specifications, as originally approved by the
Massachusetts Department of Public Health or the Board of Health, which may affect the
capacity or the health or safety features of the swimming or wading pool shall be
submitted to the Board of Health for review.
2. Approval from the Board of Health of said change or revision of plans shall be
obtained in writing before the work affected by the change is undertaken.
(5) Notification .
(a) The Board of Health shall be notified when a newly constructed, expanded, or
remodeled swimming or wading pool is ready for use,
(b) Notification shall be given at least one week prior to the completion of the project so
that a date can be arranged for a final inspection.
(c) Use of such pool shall not commence before a final inspection has been made and
approval, in writing, to operate has been given by the Board of Health.
(6) Prohibited Connections .
(a) Under no circumstances shall piping systems be designed and constructed as to permit
pool water to enter a potable-water-supply system nor waste water or sewage to enter the
pool through backflow connections or interconnections.
(b) Cross-connections or interconnections in the pool piping system whereby pool water
may under some conditions enter a potable- water-supply system should be avoided using the
following means:
1 . by providing for the admission of make-up water above the overflow elevation of the
pool or by pumping from a pump suction well; or
2. where filters are installed and filter washing with the recirculation pump is not
feasible, a wash-water pump of proper capacity should be installed and a suction well or
small elevated tank used to supply water to the pump, the discharge to the suction well
or tank being above the flow line.
(c) In no case should valved cross-connections, whereby water from a potable-water-supply
may be admitted directly to the recirculation system for the purpose of filter washing, be
permitted.
(d) No pool drains or drains from filters, where the re-circulating system is used, should be
directly connected to sewers.
1 . Such drains should discharge by an indirect connection to a properly trapped sump.
2. Where such indirect connections are not possible, pumping of pool and filter-wash
drainage may be necessary.
10.21: Boiler Blow-off Tank
(1) Boiler Blow-off Tank . (5ee 248 CMR 10.22: Figure 1: Illustration of Boiler Blow Off
Tank). A vessel designed to receive the discharge from a boiler blow-out outlet and to cool the
discharge to a temperature of 150°F or less which permits its safe discharge to the drainage
system.
(a) Shall be in full accordance with the recommendations of the National Board of Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Inspectors for Boiler Blow-off Equipment, Columbus, Ohio.
(b) The temperature of water entering drainage piping from discharge of blow-off
equipment shall not exceed 150°F.
(c) The pressure of the blow-down leaving any type of blow-off equipment shall not exceed
fiveP.S.LG.
(d) The blow-off piping and fitting between the boiler and the blow-off tank shall comply
with the ASME Power Boiler Code, Paragraphs P-307 through 3 12.
(e) All materials used in the fabrication of boiler blow-off equipment shall comply with
material section of the AS^ffi Boiler Code, Section H .
(f) All blow-off equipment shall be fitted with openings to facilitate cleaning and
inspection.
3/11/05 248 CMR -215
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.21: continued
(g) The blow-off tank shall be designed in accordance with the ASME Boiler Construction
Code, Section VIE for a working pressure of at least one fourth of maximum working
pressure of the boiler to which it is connected. In no case, however, shall the plate thickness
be less than % inch.
(2) Direct Connections of Steam Exhaust. Blow-offs and Drip Pipes .
(a) Discharge into Building Drainage System :
1 . A steam exhaust, blow-off, or drip pipe shall not be directly connected to a building,
drainage system but shall first pass through a blow-off tank as shown in 248 CMR
10.22: Figure J: Illustration of Boiler Blow Off Tank.
2. Such waste water when it is discharged into a building drainage system shall have a
temperature of not more than 150°F.
(b) Automatic Cooling Facilities :
1 . Steam condensate which is to be discharged to the drainage system shall be provided
with automatic cooling facilities to reduce the temperature of the water to a maximum
temperature of 150°F.
2. Automatic cooling facilities shall include storage so that heat may be dissipated and
cooling water when required shall be added by use of a thermostatically controlled device
and only that portion of condensate about to be discharged to the drainage system shall
be cooled.
3. The requirements of 248 CMR 10.21(2)(b) apply particularly to systems of steam
supply in which the steam condensate is discharged to waste rather than being returned
to the steam generating plant such as steam supplied from street mains or from remote
central steam generating plants.
10.22: Figures
Notes for Figures: The following applies for the figures in 248 CMR 10.22.
(1) All figures are general schematics for illustrative purposes only. The figures are not meant
to show every fitting, change of direction or every situation. Deviations from the illustrave
figures may be acceptable so long as the workmanship is in compliance with the relevant portion
of 248 CMR.
(2) All fixture waste and traps, as represented in the figures, shall be in compliance with Table
248CMR10.15(2)(a).
(3) All cleanouts and locations, as represented in the figures, shall be in compliance with
248 CMR 10.08(2)(a) through 10.08(2){n).
(4) All vents through the roof, as represented in the figures, shall be in compliance with
248 CMR 2.16(4)(a) through 2.16(5)(f).
(5) All branches and building drain sizes as per table 248 CMR 2. 15(3)(a).
(6) All sizes of vents, vent stacks, branches etc. as represented in the figures, shall be in
compliance with Table 248 CMR 2. 16(12)(a).
3/11/05 248 CMR -216
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22; continued
(7) Symbols used in the figures in 248 CMR 10.22 have the following meanings. Note, for
plans and specifications, these symbols may be used.
U.G.
Under Ground
A.G.
Above Ground
W&T
Waste and Trap
S.S.
Service Sink Trap Standard; Sanitary Sewer; or Storm Sewer (depending
on context)
M.R.
Mop Receptor
F.D.
Floor Drain
F.V.
Future Vent
K.S.
Kitchen Sink (Single Compartment)
w.c.
Water Closet/Toilet
LAV.
Lavatories with 1 Va inch waste
V.T.R.
Vent tlirough roof
C.I.
Cast iron
A.W.
Acid Waste
(8) All trap distances from vents as represented in the figures are in compliance with 248 CMR
10.16(1 l)(a): Table 1: Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent.
(9) See 248 CMR 10.13: Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes before
installation of any special hazardous waste system. Figure 16.
(10) Figures are not to scale.
3/11/05
248 CMR -217
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 1: Illustration of Boiler Blow Off Tank.
PIPE CONNECTIONS W BLOWOFF TANKS
BOILER BLOWOFF
WATER OUTLET
VENT
3/4"
2"
2"
1"
Z"
2-1/2"
1-1/4"
Z"
3"
1-1/2"
3"
4"
2"
3"
5"
2-1/2"
4"
6"
SIZE OF BLOVJDFF TANK
The Lanic shall beof a volume equal to twice
the volume of water removed from the boiler
when the normal water level is reduced
not less than 4" -inches
Re<|ulator Port
Cold Water Inlet
Blowdovm Inlet
IVater Outlet
Cold Water:
Approved Air
/ :Gap Fitting
Minimum Size
1-1/2
Self Contained Regulating Valve
(Typical ior all Tanlu)
Minimum Cold Water Supply = 1 "- Inch
Vent
Water Outlet
Regulator Bulb
1/4" Pressure Gauge
Glowdown Inlet
1/2" Gauge Glass
Connections
■3/4" Thermometer
Cold Water Inlet
Drain(s)
NOTES;
1. DRAIN SI2E 2"-INCH IF A TANK OF 36" DIAMETER OR LESS 3"-INCH IF TANK IS OVER 36° DIAMETER
2. ALL TANKS ARE TO BE SUPPLIED WITH SUPPORTS SUPPLIED BV THE MANUFACTURER
3. PIPING CONNECTIONS THAT ARE 4"-INCH I.P.S OR LARGER SHALL BE FLANGED
4. 24" X 15" MANHOLE FOR 36" DIAMETERS AND LARGER 4 " X 6" HANDHOLE FOR SMALLER DIAMETERS
5. "A" DIMENSIONS DETERMINED BV O.D. AND LENGTH - MUST BE APPROVED
3/11/05
248 CMR -218
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 2: Illustration of Maximum Distance from Trap to Vent in Compliance with 248 CMR
10.16(12)(a): Table I: Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent
-mi^.\Xim-
:0\mM
Note: These dimensions are from the vent to the weir of the trap along the developed length and the slope
of the pipe in this distance is not greater than 14 inch per foot.
Diameter of Pipe
Maximum Developed
Length of the Pipe
IV2 inch waste and trap
Five feet
2 inch waste and trap
Six feet
3 inch waste and trap
Eight feet
4 inch waste and trap
Ten feet
3/1 1/05
248 CMR -219
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 3: Illustration of Miscellaneous Common Venting 248 CMR 10.16(9).
1-1/4" n i.,/4..
2" Floor drain
K^
2" Shower
1-1/2"
ft Lav.
1-1/2" ^^
Kitchen Rrf*^
Sink \§ :
10"MaKimum
;
'■■■■■
■2" ■.
i/zriBidet:
2" shower
2'- Urinal
10"MaKlmuni
Horizontal Waste Branch
Back to Back or
Side by Side
248 CMR 10.16: (9) (b)
10" Maxintum
Vertical Vent
Different Levels
248 CMR 10.16: (9) (c)
3/11/05
248 CMR - 220
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 4: Illustration of Stack Venting in Compliance with 248 CMR 10.l6(8)(a) and (b).
_, 3" Venfc.Thru Roof
2" Vent Thru Roof
From Inner Face
Include a bathtub or shower stall and a kitchen in the stack, on the extreme right hand side of the sketch. Such
additional fixtures to be installed in accordance with 248 CMR 10.16(8)(a).
3/11/05
248 CMR -221
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURES: Illustration of Wet Venting.
4" Verit Thru Roof
Wet Venting Top Floor
Tubs Vented through Lavatories
Wet Venttrig :
1st Floor
Double or
Back to Back
Showers.
Thru LavCs)
wet Venting
2nrd Pipor
Toilet, Shower and Tiib
Thru Lavatories
From Inner face
3/11/05
248 CMR - 222
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 6: Illustration of Individual Vent First Floor, Wet Vent Second Floor,
and Stack Vent Third Floor.
1
3" Vent Thru Roof
3"
i
1
i
1-1/2" Lav.
in
l-iy?" Tub
2" Shower
l-l/2"Tub
10"-0*'
From Inner Face
4" End Cleanout
3" End Cleanout
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 223
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 7: Illustration of Battery Circuit Vent, First Floor and Batteiy Loop Vent Second Floor.
From Inner Face
3/11/05
248 CMR - 224
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 8: Illustration of Battery Circuit, Vent Multiple Floors.
{"/) Hush Valve Toilets
(2) Flush Valve Urinals 4"
(4) Lavatories
(2) Floor Drains
(1) Drinking Fountain
1 0'-6" GZIZiS- I 4" ^d deanout
From Inner Face
3/11/05
248 CMR - 225
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 9: Illustration of Battery Loop Vent, Multiple Floors.
(7) Flush Valve Toilets
Floor Mounted
(2) Flush Valve Urinals
(4) Lavatories
(Z) 2" Floor Drain(s)
(1) Drinking Fountain
from Inner Face
3/11/05
248 CMR -226
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 10: Illustration of Below the Floor Hazardous Waste Battery Venting.
5ee248CMR10.13(5)(d).
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 227
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 1 1 : lUustxation of Hazardous Waste Battery Vented Below Floor Level,
in Compliance with 248 CMR 10.13.
4' Vent Thru Roof
f^- -f-
:^ >^..>-^^^-V^.:^. ^■::.^: y./. V ■::/■:■ /^fy?2/-: t^:^-:^::y^:/T':-/.^:^/^'7^Tr'^^
Cup Sinks
are the Equivalent of ]
JDne Fixture Vnxit,
if
.
w irf
Relief Vent
I? (^48CMR tO.I3;(5)(d)(2i
'lilt ?
jj m iri) wi ir| m w%
. lii!iUtall (I (| ft } a li ? I .
tO'-O"
-^>- "^^^ vv. < V>. v. VSWyVvS Vn vX W W \ \\\ \
Fronn Inner Face
3/11/05
248 CMR - 228
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FTTTERS
10.22: continued
(FIGURE 12: Reserved)
3/11/05 248 CMR -229
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 13a: Illustration of Bow Vent Single Installations.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 230
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 13b: niustration of Bow Vent connection at Intermediate Floor.
3/11/05
248 CMR -231
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 13c: Illustration of Bow Vent Connection to Horizontal.
3/1 1/05
248 CMR - 232
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22; continued
FIGURE 14: Illustration of Sizing for Safe Waste Pan Drains or Water Heaters. 248 CMR 10. 12(l)(h)
Floor Drain or
other Properly Trapped
and Vented Receptor
Relief
Table for Sizing Safe Pan Waste
Value
Number of Hesters or Storage TankK: .'
Sfee
■ :2.' "■
3
■■;■::/ 4-;-::
S ..
■ 6 or more:
■<ilZ"\
1"
1-1/4"
1r1/4"
:i-i/2" :
1-ifZ"
11-1/4"
1-1/2"
.;: .-J...-;
' 2"
': 12" :-.:
i"
. 1r1/2"
■■.. 2V.'
■..:Z"-'
2-1/2'^:
■.■ 3" ■ ■
1-1/4"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
t"
1-1/2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
4"
4"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
4"
4"
Main Pipe Sizes
FlooriDrain or: ■;;■;. ;
otherProperly.Trapped
ahdVeiiteci Receptor ;
3/11/05
248 CMR - 233
oo
n
to
?:;;iN.y:Et;;-;:::
■s:p/-.;aD- ■ -
...:.-. A ■■-::■.
■■^■i.^J.&:-:l,:
4"
'MW&^:-.
. ' ;i'.&''ki-
;:^;;;,..2>v^. :■'■■.
%-i:y^:ii-erfi: .
tf-6" ■■■.■■■■':■■■
:■;■.:?■<*■ rO'.-'X- :
5"
:^3'"!^*i'^*
aVo*-^-;:.
.■:::'3:'^cr'.i--^
:^;-.:v4'rcr'' .
3'-6'.:: -.
■.:■':■ ■a^^cT:.-:-' ■
^i?;^:Cf jtij'l-C}'
z'-o'
.■::'N.;a^-6-r^^'
m/l'^-^l^:: .
3"-0',; :.■
.■■ ^S^re'::'!:-;^
6"
■■■■■^■V'4''b''f'
5"'0'
:--:-^^-i*':6*J:'-;::
..■■■:.ii, -.0*Jt<^*-0" ■
^■-o-
■■^■::::;i5"-ir.':::..^
:-;:.:;:?-4*-te-J' .
4'-0* :
■^-ia'^-fe'v-
E-^'-^-x^'^ ■
ar- 6°
■■■■■/■3-Oi^-:;-:
■ ?- -5>cr'?'^^
3'- 6" . .
:.v::;:5'-,^- ::■■':
■ ■ ■.!■■?:..■;::-:,:;:.-;< :,;
:'iJ5'--.0"ii5'-0'
3- b'
.?■■■-: S'-'6" ■■:■;■ ;
li;Z:3^^-d"'*-
6-0"
. x.'s'-o*:*''
8"
■■.tf';..6'KS>er
4'' 6"
■■;.:^;*:b^:-.-
■-ii::>:6'r-b ■".:..
^--D- :
■' ;,-:3'* 6" :■■-.■ ■■
;;.^-Q-i6'.-cr
3' -or :
^ :<m^ <■■:,■
:
.;■;■;.[■ ;:-6*- 6'*
5' -6"
■■■■:::,-.:;.;3'^o' ■-:■:■
^::(6*-:6*k6''^.:6^
3'- O*
.:M:.-:ra^,6r:r:i:-
Piping Material Notes;
A. No-Hub Cast Iron with Product-Approved Stainless Steel Clampi :
B. Service Weight Cast Iron with Product-Approved Resilient Gaskets
or Lead and Oakum joints.
C Extra Heavf Cast Iron with Product-Approved Resirient Gaskets
orLcadandOakumJoinb
General Cbiistruction Notes:
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Board of Examiners of Plunibers and Gasfitters
Gasoline, Oil and Sand Separator Design
In open parking garages or open parking area(s) ONLY the inlet pipe may extend belov/
the water line a maximum distance of e'-inches.
Tk^V/B^fTCSlTOROOF^,
tiie separatons to be located outside of a building where possible and the
cover is to Incorporate a center-hole. A sealed tight cover is to be used if the
separator is located inside of a building. Hie cover shall be no less than a 24'
diameter, lite separator shall be located and constructed to prevent surface
or sub-surface water from entering. The inlet pipe shall be no less Utan four
inches above the water line level. When the separator is subject to freezing [
it shall be set a minimum of three feet below grade. "Hie separator shall be
filled with water and leak tested before being introduced into service. The
lion-corrosiye steps shall be spaced at IS'-inches apart The chamber vent
arid outlet vent shall return to the inside of the building and extend through the roof.
CASTIRCNTtE
DISaWlGE.0UTl?TTO-
SAiNITARY SBm. OP. HOLDING TANK
(SEENOn:-SA,B,AiM)C)
FOR PIPE WTi3^rAL REQUIRE tNTS
r pouRiD iM PI Acr covcPxiE uR 8" sot 10 cowREtt envxi
WIIH Mil L MORIAKED X)l\lS HQRIfflNlAL A"J5 VtRIlCAl,
RASfm iWlDf A^ OUISIK OR RED BRICJ! MASONRY
PLMUREUQMHCIXSIOE.
SOLID rmCREIE PRTtASI WITH WAIER llClfl COWCfJOVS
Al I COVCREIE SHAa CONSIST Of I PARI CBtM
A\0 2 PARfS SA!?. avOfT 8RI?, HDLLOW.COVCREIE
OR cnwR OLori; masovry proxkis shail not k usd.
Vi
<^
p
o'
3
o
o
o
m
o
o
3
c
3
c
lO
00
n
td
O
>
O >
> H
q X
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 16: Dlustration of Horizontal to Horizontal Change of Direction.
FIGURE 17: Illustration of Vertical to Horizontal Change of Direction.
V.__^^ BEND ^y}
3/11/05
248 CMR - 235
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 18: Illustrations of Building Drainage Foundation Wall.
< jg.ooR level;
QJh,:- .■■■:■:■:
;.,;:.;:■ ■.■■ J :"; ■ ■■ : ,y-^:
UILDING DRAIN
O OTHER RXTURESj
CLEANOUT
Note: A, B, C, D & E on each figure shall be in compliance with 248 CMR 10.07(l)(c) (Lead & oakum
joints).
?
3/11/05
248 CMR - 236
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 19: Illustration of Laundries in Multi-story Buildings.
IM Pipe diameters minimum if cfiange in
direction is greater, than.45 degrees ,
2, Loiiig sweeps and dandy cleanoiits may
be ttsed in lieu of wyes and i/fikfids
3. If thereare more tliaii ten branch iritervals
on tlie stacit a relief vent shafi be installed
iii3CCbrdani:e#h248CMRiai6:(4){i
SuthPresoBtftetefWenl ■
■ WifleSUe ;;
. Refe/VentSlas ^
. i-hr ■■;
■r-iiidi\
■ ■? y--..
r-iiKli
M/2;"
r-tach
3"'
r-wdi
A°
3"-Jni.1i
r
4*-ii>di
6" ~
S'-inth
; -,8" . ■ ?■
C'-inch
3/11/05
248 CMR - 237
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 20: Illustration of Offsets of More than 45° in Buildings of Five Stories or More
in Compliance with 248 CMR 10.15(8)(b) and 10.16(4)(c).
<^|[noor Line^
<^oor Un^
*S^ |,i4
M i v3c— -~~rii:z:r::;~zz:i:ri;::rr±:rizr.r~
Hydraulic Jump Zone
Pipe Diameter X 10
2^r:0"MItM. kivM;
M
n
r-l
M
it
m
■■?i-;l-^
n
M
n
U
3/11/05
248 CMR - 238
10.22: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE 2 1 : Illustration of Multiple Clear Water Waste Stack.
^
Vent Thru Roof
Roof Drain
Inidirect Clear
^aterWaste
^
)^.
&^
P
^
■^
^?ee NoteTl^
m
Clear
Water Waste
Stack
Accessible
Backwater Valve
Note(s):
1. Install all "Clear Water Waste" per 248 CMR 10.12:,
Size all Indirect Waste Piping per 248 CMR lO.liS: (2)(b)
2. Size "Clear Water Waste" P-Traps and the "Clear
Water Waste" Stack per 248 CMR 10.15:(2)(b)
3. Size the Storm Water System per 248CMR 10.17:
4. Beginning at the Point of the Branch for the Indirect
Waste Stack; Size the Continuation of the Storm
Water Drainage System per 248 CMR 10.17: (3)
^^SeeNoteTs^
P
End Cleanout
^^ee NoteTT^
I Dandy Cleanout I j
Storm Water^ Drainage -:
■ /ft;pm iptherRprtlons ?f
■?■■■^■"'::;^lhe:BuMdirifl;'>'V.::;^;;
3/11/05
248 CMR - 239
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 22: Illustrations of Installation of Grease Interceptors.
Figure A
Triple Compartrri6nft Sink
■Mth bovA depths exceeding iO-inches
Figure B
Pre- Rinse Sink Station
vflthout Garbage Disposal
Pre- Rinse Sink Branch
8- Feet Maximum Distance
Per 248 CMR 10.03(2Xd):?)
I
3/11/05
248 CMR - 240
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
3/11/05
248 CMR -241.
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.22: continued
FIGURE 23: Illustration of Combination Upper and Lower Roof Drain Installations.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 242
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: Vacuum Drainage Systems
(1) General .
(a) . The purpose of 248 CMR 10.23 is to provide guidance to the Inspector in the
evaluation as a proposed alternate and the requirements for the installation of vacuum
powered sanitary drainage systems.
(b) The scope of 248 CMR 10.23 includes the fixtures, piping, connections, vacuum
equipment, associated tanks and the method of receiving discharge from or dischaiging to
a conventional drainage system as regulated in 248 CMR 10. 15: Sanitary Drainage System.
(c) The Inspector may require the plans, specification, calculations and operating
instructions to be reviewed and approved prior to the issuance of a permit for installation.
The costs for such review shall be borne by the applicant.
(2) Fixtures .
(a) General . All provisions and prohibitions of 248 CMR 10.10; P I umbijig Fixtures shall
be compiled with.
(b) Special Fixtures . Special fixtures designed and intended for connection to vacuum
drainage systems shall be listed and approved for such use and shall be connected only to
such systems.
(c) Conventional Fixtures . Conventional Fixtures designed and intended for use and
connection to the gravity sanitary drainage systems may be connected to a vacuum drainage
systems provided that all of the following conditions are met:
1. The fixtures discharge into a gravity sanitary drainage and vent system complying
with 248 CMR 10.15: Sanitary Drainage System and 248 CMR 10.16: Vents and
Venting;
2. The fixture shall be served by a trap complying with 248 CMR 10.08: Traps and
Cleanouts; and
3. The gravity drainage system is connected to the vacuum drainage system by an
interface device.
(3) Fixture Units .
(a) Vacuum Toilet Fixture Units . Vacuum drainage system sizing and design:
1. shall be detennined from the manufacturer's data and engineering calculations; and
2. shall be approved by the Manufacturer.
(b) Conventional Fixture Units . Fixture units for gravity drainage systems discharging into
or receiving discharge from vacuum drainage systems shall be determined as in 248 CMR
10.15(7): Table 1.
(c) Water Pipe Sizing . Factor Values for the purposes of water pipe sizing shall be in
accordance with 248 CMR 10.14(4): Table 1: Minimum Sizes of Fixture Water Supply Lines
and Factor Values as normal. In addition to Table 1, "Vacuum Toilets" shall be listed with
a fixture unit value of one and shall be based upon Y2 gallon consumption per flush.
(4) Traps and Vents .
(a) Conventional Traps . Conventional fixtures shall be provided with traps as in 248 CMR
10.23(2)(c)2.
(b) Conventional Venting . Conventional fixtures shall be provided with vents as in
248 CMR 10.23(2)(c)l.
(c) Special Venting .
1 . A vent shall be installed where a vacuum interface device is installed for interfacing
to a gravity drainage system to prevent clearing of the gravity traps.
2. The vent shall be no less than two inches in diameter and shall be sized in
accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
(5) Vacuum Drainage Piping .
(a) General . Detailed and fully dimensioned plans at a scale of not less than Va-inch equal
one foot shall be submitted with all necessary data and engineering calculations for review
and approval.
3/11/05 248 CMR -243
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
(b) Material .
1 . Vacuum drainage piping materials shall be composed of materials suitable for waste
handling and shall have a smooth and uniform bore.
2. Joints and fittings shall provide a smooth interior transition.
(c) Fixture Connection . Vacuum drainage piping shall be connected to fixtures or gravity
drainage systems by Product- Approved devices as required by 248 CMR 10.23(2)(c).
(d) Vertical Lifts .
1. The sum total of vertical piping used to lift discharges in a single system shall not
exceed 20 feet unless documented by detailed engineering calculations.
2. There shall be no offsets in the vertical piping and the diameter of the lift piping shall
not change throughout its height.
(e) Changes in Direction .
1 . Changes of Direction in vacuum drainage systems shall be made by the appropriate
use of fittings having no internal obstructions to flow.
2. The radius of such changes in direction whether by a single fitting or combination of
fittings shall not be less than that formed by a long sweep Va bend of long radius 90°
elbow.
(f) Horizontal Runs .
1 . Horizontal piping shall be installed with a pitch of not less than 0.2% in the direction
of flow.
2. A reforming pocket shall be installed in horizontal runs at intervals of no more than
150 feet or as indicated on the approved plans.
(g) Reforming Pockets .
1. When required to re-establish the waste slug, reforming pockets shall be installed.
Reforming pockets shall consist of a wye and three Va bends or 45's arranged such that
the discharge enters the branch of the wye, is pocketed in a trap formed by the three
bends and exits at an elevation equal to the entrance.
2. The depth of the trap formed shall be at least I'/z times the diameter of the piping.
(See Figure F- 1 .) A cleanout plug shall be installed on the wye.
(h) Trapped Sections . Offsets to pass under obstructions in horizontal runs may be installed
provided that such offsets ai-e constructed as reforming pockets and do not exceed thiee feet
in length, except that Offsets may exceed three feet in length if a second reforming pocket
is installed at the terminus of the offset. (See Figure F-2.)
(i) Piping Connections . Vacuum Drainage system piping connections shall be as follows:
1 . Horizontal piping connecting to horizontal piping shall enter from the top of the line
by way of a wye fitting. (See Figure F-3.)
2. Vertical lift piping connecting to horizontal piping shall enter from the top of the line
by way of a wye fitting. Where design drawings show a check valve to be installed in the
horizontal piping between the lift piping and the .branch inlet of the wye, such check
valve shall be approved for use in vacuum waste drainage systems by the manufacturer
of the system. The volume of the horizontal piping in direction of flow shall be at least
ten times the volume of the vertical lift piping. (See Figure F-4.)
3. Horizontal piping connecting to vertical lift piping shall be by way of a reforming
pocket, (i'ee Figure F- 5.)
4. Horizontal piping connection to vertical drop piping shall be by way of single wye
branches. Multiple connections shall be at staggered levels. Double wyes or divided
flow fittings are prohibited. (See Figure F-6.)
5. Vertical Drop piping connection to horizontal runs shall be by way of a combination
wye and Vs bend. (See Figure F-7.)
(j) Pipe Sizing .
1 . Vacuum drainage piping shall be sized in accordance with engineering principles.
2. The installation of piping shall be in conformance with the sizes and layouts shown
on the approved plans.
3. The plans shall contain a statement attesting to review and acceptance of the
proposed installation by the Product- Approved manufacturer of the system.
4. EXCEPTION: When approved by the Inspector, minor installations, additions or
relocations may be permitted without the submission of additional plans when provisions
for such were clearly made in the original approved plans.
3/11/05 248 CMR -244
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
(k) Cleanouts . Qeanouts shall be provided in the following locations:
1. Start of horizontal runs;
2. Top of stacks;
3. Reforming pockets;
4. Horizontal changes in direction equal to or greater than 90°;
5. Intervals of 50 feet in horizontal runs.
(1) Tank Connections . Vacuum drainage piping shall enter the vacuum tank at its top. A
full-port valve shall be installed at the connection,
(m) Su pports and Bracing .
1 . Vacuum Drainage piping shall be supported every six feet on its vertical portions and
every four feet on its horizontal portions.
2. The vacuum piping shall be braced to prevent any movement in the vertical and
horizontal planes.
3. Piping shall not rely on fixtures, collection tank or pumps for any portion of its
support. Seismic restraint shall be installed as required by 780 CMR: The Massachusetts
State Building Code.
(n) Access . Service access shall be provided to cleanouts check valves and interface valves.
(6) Vacuum Collection Tank Assembly .
(a) General . A vacuum collection tank assembly shall be provided of sufficient capacity to
maintain the required vacuum pressure when the collection tank is 75% filled with system
discharge fluids. Size shall be calculated based on engineering principles and drawings shall
contain a statement attesting to review and acceptance of the proposed installation by the
approved manufacturer of the systems.
(b) Location . A vacuum collection tank assembly located within a building shall be in a
well ventilated room and to which access is restricted to authorized personnel. Vacuum
collection tanks shall be protected from freezing.
(c) Materials .
1. Vacuum collection tanks shall be constructed of vacuum tight, welded steel
construction or other Product- approved materials and capable of withstanding a sustained
vacuum pressure of 29 inches of mercury.
2. The interior of the tanks shall be treated to retard corrosion, the method of treatment
shall be submitted with documentation for review and approval.
(d) Access Hatch .
1 . A gas tight, bolted access hatch not less than 1 4 inches in diameter shall be provided.
The cover of the hatch shall bear a permanently affixed warning label indicating the
presence within of toxic and flammable gases.
2. The warning label shall contain directions regarding safety procedures to be observed
when opening or entering the tank.
3. A clear pathway not less than three feet in width shall be maintained from the exit of
the room to the access hatch.
(e) Vacuum Pumps .
1 . The assembly shall be equipped with automatically operated, duplex vacuum pumps
capable of drawing down to 19 inches of mercury, vacuum.
2. Pumps shall have the capacity to maintain an operating vacuum in the system of
1 6 inches of mercury.
(f) Sewage Discharge Pumps .
1. The assembly shall be equipped with automatically operated, duplex sewage
discharge pumps each sized to accommodate the calculated flow.
2. Discharge to the gravity drainage system or sewer shall be as required for sewage
ejector's.
(g) Vacuum Pump Discharge Piping .
1 . Vacuum pump discharge piping shall be extended full size without creating traps to
the exterior of the building,
2. The termination of the piping shall be direction downward to avoid entry of rain or
debris.
3/11/05 248 CMR -245
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
3. The termination shall be located at least two feet above a roof surface or 15 feet
above a pedestrian surface and no closer than ten feet to any opening into a building.
4. Discharge terminations may be horizontal through a wall. (See Figure F-8.)
(h) Indication and Alarm .
1 . Vacuum tank assemblies shall provide separate indication and alarm of low vacuum
conditions and high sewage level.
2. Alarm conditions may be in two or more stages.
3. Early stage alarm may be transmitted for alerting service personnel to potential
problems.
4. Failure stage alarm shall automatically shut down the system and annunciate the
problem.
5. Alarm indicator shall be at a location that has the approval of the Inspector.
(7) Tests and Demonstrations .
(a) General . Recorded proof of all required tests and demonstrations shall be subinitted to
the plumbing inspector.
(b) Vacuum Drainage Piping .
1 . Prior to installation of any special fixtures or gravity to vacuum interface devices, the
entire vacuum drainage piping system shall be pressurized to not less than 15 psig and
shall show no loss in gauge pressure for at least ten minutes.
2. EXCEPTION: When approved by the inspector minor additions, alterations or
repairs to an existing complying system may be done without the 1 5 psig air pressure test.
(c) Gravity Drainage Piping . Conventional waste and vent piping shall be tested as required
by 248 CMR 10.15: Sanitary Drainage Systems and 248 CMR 10.16: Vents and Venting.
(d) Functional Test .
1 . After completion of the entire system installation, the system shall be subjected to a
vacuum pressure of 19 inches of mercury and shall be demonstrated to function as
required by operating each device.
2. Such demonstration shall be conducted in the presence of the manufacturers
authorized representative.
(8) Instructions .
(a) Operation and Maintenance . Prior to final approval, the Inspector shall satisfy himself
that written instructions on the operation and maintenance of the entire system has been
delivered to the owner and that the owner has received on site instruction from the installer
and manufacturer.
3/11/05 248 CMR -246
10.23: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE F-1
REFORMING POCKETS
CLEANOUJ.
PLUG
i-l/2 TIMES
PIPE DIAMETER
^
45 OEQREE ELBOW
HGURE F-2
TRAPPED SECTIONS
3/11/05
248 CMR - 247
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
FIGURE-3
HORIZONTAL TO HORIZONTAL CONNECTION
90 LONG
PATTERN
ELBOW
45 BRANCH
j 45 BRANCH I
TOP VIEW
I SIDE VIEW I
B
45 BRANCH
END VIEW
FIGURE F-4
VERTICAL LIFT TO HORIZONTAL CONNECTION
3/11/05
248 CMR - 248
10.23: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE F-5
HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL LIFT CONNECTION
FIGURE F-6
HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL DROP COK^NECTION
NOTE:
BRANCHES EWTERSNQ THE
VERTICAL fVSASW AT THE SAIV1E
LEVEL MUST BE STAGGERED
FIGURE F-7
VERTICAL DROP TO HORIZONTAL CONNECTION
3/11/05
248 CMR - 249
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
FIGURE F-8
VACUUM PUMP DISCHARGE PIPE TERMINATION
s:^
LOW 15 - FEET
ABOVE A WALKWAV
FIGURE F-9
TYPICAL VACUUM FIXTURE INSTALLATION
\AS DEQREE ELBOW
7 T^l
VACUUM TOILET
fS
VERTICAL
SEWER [VIAIN
l-X/4" X l-X/2" X 2'
REOUCIIMQ T-BRANCH
45 0EQREE
LATERAL TVPE
VACUUM TOILET
X
s
Lr
HORIZOIVTAL PIPE CONNECTION
sue
2
45 DEQREE
LATERAL
\j HORIZONTAL VACUUM
SEWER MAIN
3/11/05
248 CMR - 250
10.23: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE F-9
TYPICAL VACUUM FIXTURE INSTALLATION
(CONTINUED)
45 DEGREE
LATERAL
ROM. '45 DEGREES
HORIZONTAL
VACUUM SEWER MAIW
bOr
LONG PATTERN
ELBOW TYPICAL
A - CONNECTION FROM ABOVE AND BENEATH
SWING CHECK |>^
VALVE I \
/^S^
H
B- SEPARATE MASNe
SWING CHECK
VALVES
/^^
a
<^^=rJl
nJ
^
C - LONG HORIZONTAL MAIN
3/11/05
248 CMR -251
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
10.23: continued
FIGURE F- 10
TYPICAL CLEANOUT LOCATIONS
A-ENDOFHCHyZOWTALMAINS B - TOP OF VERTICAL TRUPiKS
C- INTERVALS OF 50 FEET
D - 90 DEGREE BENDS
E - REFORMING POCKETS
3/11/05
248 CMR - 252
10.23: continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
FIGURE F- 11
VERTICAL LIFT RESTRICTIONS
VERTICAL OFT '
(EWLAROEMENT NOT ACCEPTABLE)
^
HORIZONTAL
fVIAIN
"Sr^
.. ... J
r^ 1
>v^
ACCEPTABLE
ENLAROEIVIENT
A - EMO OF HORIZONTAL MAINS
h-1 ■?- h-2 ?*- h-3 < J.5 Feet
FIGURE F- 12
PIPING SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 10.00: M.G.L. c. 112, § 61; M.G.L. c. 142, §§ 13 and 21.
3/11/05
248 CMR - 253
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
NON-TEXT PAGE
3/11/05 248 CMR -254
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
248 CMR 1 1 .00: EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR
LICENSURE
Section
U .0 1 : Scope and Application
U .02: Education and Experience Requirements for Apprentices, Journeyman and Master Licensees;
Education and Experience Requirements for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers and
Limited Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers
11 .03: Application Requirements and Examination Administration
1 1 .04: Mandatory Continuing Education (MCE) Requirements for Master and Journeymen Plumbers, Master
and Journeyman Gasfitters and for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers
11.05: Qualifications and Requirements for Mandatory Continuing Education Providers and Instructors
1 1 .06: Education Hour and Course Content Requirements to be Administered by Public, Private, Proprietary
or Other Occupational Trade Schools
11.01: Scope and Application
(1) Scope . The provisions of 248 CMR 11.00 govern the educational and experience
requirements for licensure as a journeyman plumber or journeyman gas fitter, licensure as a
master plumber or master gas fitter and licensure as either an undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installer or limited undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer. In addition, 248 CMR 1 1 .00
governs the continuing education requirements for all licensed plumbers and gas fitters in the
Commonvi'ealth. Finally, the provisions of 248 CMR 11.00 govem the requirements for
providers of plumbing and gas fitting primary and continuing education.
(2) Sections Declared Independent . 248 CMR 1 .00 through 1 1 .00 is hereby declared to be an
independent section and part of section and the holding of any section or part of section to be
void and ineffective for any cause shall not be deemed to affect any other section or part of
section.
1 1 .02: Education and Experience Requirements for Apprentices. Journeyman and Master Licensees:
Education and Experience Requirements for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers and
Limited Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers
(1) Qualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for a Journeyman Plumber Examination .
(a) A pprentice Plumbe;r Licensed before September 1 , 2008 . An applicant who is a licensed
apprentice plumber and the apprentice license was received prior to September 1, 2008 in
accordance with M.G.L, c. 142, § 3 A shall be required to complete the requirements in 248
CMR 1 1 .02( 1 )(a) 1 . and 2. to be eligible to sit for the journeyman plumber examination.
1 . Experience . The applicant shall furnish documentary proof satisfactory to the Board
of having completed, within the three years preceding application, practical work
experience that totals no less than 5,100 clock hours as a licensed apprentice working
under the direct supervision of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts licensed master
plumber or under the direct supervision of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts licensed
journeyman plumber who is in the employ of a master plumber in accordance with
M.G.L. c. 142, § 3, installing, repairing, or maintaining plumbing and gas piping systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical to the discipline of the plumbing
and gasfitting industry only. For the purposes of obtaining licensure as a journeyman
plumber experience that is limited to installing HVAC components for the installation
of heating systems, steam piping and hydronic heat piping shall not be considered
qualifying experience.
2. Education .
a. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having received a high school
diploma or the equivalent; and
b. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having successfully completed
by test review 300 clock hours of licensed apprenticeship educational plumbing and
gasfitting theory approved by the Board over a period of no less than three years that
includes but is not limited to the Board administered requirements of 248 CMR
1 1 .00. No more than 150 hours of education may be obtained in a calendar year.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 255
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.02: continued
3. Public Comprehensive High School CareerA^ocational Technical School Program .
An applicant who successfully completes a Public Comprehensive High School
CareerA^ocational Technical School Program as the CVTE (Career Vocational Technical
Education) educational standard framework and who otherwise meets the requirements
of 248 CMR 11.00 may submit education and experience hours earned in the Public
Comprehensive High School CareerA^ocational Technical School Program towards the
journeyman plumbers education and experience requirements. The Board will grant to
such applicant not more than 300 hours of educational theory credit and not more than
1,700 hours of experience credit.
a. Additional Requirements . In addition to 248 CMR 1 L02(l)(a)l. through 3., the
applicant who was a student in the CVTE shall present documentation demonstrating
that he or she has been licensed as an apprentice for a period of no less than two years
and completed no less than 3,400 clock hours of practical experience as a licensed
apprentice under the direct supervision of a master plumber or under a journeyman
plumber who is in the employ of a master plumber in accordance with M.G.L. c. 142,
§ 3 in order to be eligible to sit for the journeyman plumber examination.
4. Apprentice Plumber License Renewal . An apprentice license shall not be renewed
after four renewal cycles have elapsed. A licensed apprentice who has not successfully
obtained a journeyman plumber license through the examination process following six
examination attempts shall not be renewed. An apprentice who was licensed and whose
license has not been renewed for non-compliance with the requirements of 248 CMR
1 1.00 shall be permitted to petition the Board for reinstatement for good cause of his or
her apprentice license.
(b) Apprentice Plumber Licensed on or after September 1. 2008 . An applicant who is a
licensed apprentice plumber and the apprentice license was issued on or after
September 1, 2008 in accordance with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3 A or who began a plumbing
education program on or after September 1, 2008 shall be required to complete described
education and experience criteria in 248 CMR 1 1.02(l)(b)l. and 2. to be eligible to sit for
the journeyman plumber examination.
1 . Experience . The applicant shall furnish documentary proof satisfactory to the Board
of having completed, within the five years preceding application, practical work
experience that totals no less than 8,500 clock hours as a licensed apprentice working
under the direct supervision of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts licensed master
plumber or under the direct supervision of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts licensed
journeyman plumber who is in the employ of a master plumber in accordance with
M.G.L. c. 142, § 3, installing, repairing, or maintaining plumbing and gas piping systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical to the discipline of the plumbing
and gas fitting industry only. For the purposes of obtaining licensure as a journeyman
plumber experience that is limited to installing HVAC components for the installation
of heating systems, steam piping and hydronic heat piping shall not be considered
qualifying experience.
2. Education .
a. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having received a high school
diploma or the equivalent; and
b. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having successfully completed
by test review 550 clock hours of licensed apprenticeship educational plumbing and
gasfitting theory approved by the Board over a period of no less than five years that
includes but is not limited to the Board administrated requirements of 248 CMR
11.00. Apprentices licensed on or after September 1, 2008 shall begin their
education program within nine months of the initial issuance of that apprentice
license. The 550 clock hours of education shall be completed in accordance with the
Board of Examiners of Plumbers and Gasfitters Educational Standards. No more
than 1 10 hours of education may be obtained in a calendar year; provided, however,
that nothing in 248 CMR 1 1 .00 shall prohibit an apprentice from obtaining additional
hours of education for the purpose of satisfying education hours required by the
Apprentice Training Program of the Department of Workforce Development.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 256
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .02: continued
3. Public Comprehensive High School CareerA^ocational Technical School Program .
An applicant who successfully completes a Public Comprehensive High School
CareerA/'ocational Technical School Program as the CVTE (Career Vocational Technical
Education) educational standard framework and who otherwise meets the requirements
of 248 CMR 1 1.00 may submit education and experience hours earned in the Public
Comprehensive High School CareerA^'ocational Technical School Program towards the
journeyman plumber education and experience requirements. The Board will grant to
such applicant not more than 330 hours of educational theory credit and not more than
1 ,700 hours of experience credit to such applicant.
a. Additional Requirements .
i. In addition to 248 CMR 1 1 .02(l)(b) 1 . and 3., the applicant who was a student
? in the CVTE shall present documentation demonstrating that he or she has been
licensed as an apprentice for a period of no less than four years and completed no
less than 6,800 clock hours of practical experience as a licensed apprentice under
the direct supervision of a master plumber or under a journeyman plumber who
is in the employ of a master plumber in accordance with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3 in
order to be eligible to sit for the journeyman plumber examination,
ii. the applicant who was a student in the CVTE shall present documentation
demonstrating that he or she additionally has completed Tier Four and Tier Five
in accordance with 248 CMR 11.00 at a Public, Private, Proprietary or other
Occupational Trade School Program licensed by the Department of Education
under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21 A through 21G or other College/University or
supplementary Institution of Education approved by the Board and the
Commissioner of Education; and
4. Apprentice Plumber License Renewal . An apprentice license shall not be renewed
after four renewal cycles have elapsed. A licensed apprentice who has not successfully
obtained a journeyman plumber license through the examination process following six
examination attempts shall not be renewed. An apprentice who is licensed and whose
license has not been renewed for non-compliance with the requirements of 248 CMR
1 1.00 shall be permitted to petition the Board for reinstatement for good cause of his or
her apprentice license.
(2) Oualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for Master Plumber Examination .
(a) Master Plumber Exam - Apprentice or Journeyman License Received before
September 1,2008 . An applicant who is a licensed journeyman plumber and who received
an apprentice license or journeyman license before September 1, 2008 and who applies to
take the master plumber examination shall be required to complete the education and
experience criteria in 248 CMR 11.02(2)(a)l. and 2. to be eligible to sit for the master
plumber examination.
1. Experience. The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion of no less than one year practical experience totaling a
minimum of 1,700 clock hours of experience as the holder of a Commonwealth of
Massachusetts journeyman plumber license and demonstrating that he or she has been
actively engaged in or working at the business of installing repairing, or maintaining
plumbing and gasfitting systems, apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical
to the discipline of the plumbing and gasfitting industry only.
2. Education . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board of
having completed by test review 100 clock hours of educational plumbing and gasfitting
theory in a master plumber educational program, that is separate from the mandatory
continuing education requirements, approved by the Board that includes but is not limited
to the Board administered requirements of 248 CMR 1 LOO.
(b) Mastey Plumber Exam - Apprentice or Journeyman License Received on or after
September 1.2008 . An applicant who is a licensed journeyman plumber and who received
an apprentice or a journeyman license on or after September 1, 2008 and who applies to takes
the master plumber examination shall be required to complete the experience criteria in 248
CMR 1 L02(2)(b) 1. and 2. to be eligible to sit for the master plumber examination.
7/13/07 248 CMR -257
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.02: continued
1 . Ex perience . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion of no less than one year practical experience totaling a
minimum of 1,700 clock hours of experience as the holder of a Commonwealth of
Massachusetts journeyman plumber license and has been actively engaged in or working
at the business of installing repairing, or maintaining plumbing and gasfitting systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical to the discipline of the plumbing
and gasfitting industry only.
2. Education . The education requirement for eligibility to sit for the master plumber
examination shall be completed by successful completion of Tier Five of the five tier
Plumber Educational Program as approved by the Board and described in 248 CMR
11.06.
(3) Qualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for Journeyman Gasfitter Examination .
(a) Apprentice Gasfitter Licensed before September 1 . 2008 . An applicant who is a licensed
apprentice gasfitter and the apprentice license was received prior to September 1 , 2008 in
accordance with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3A shall be required to complete the below described
education and experience criteria to be eligible to sit for the journeyman gasfitter
examination:
1. Experience . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion, within the two years preceding application, of practical work
experience of no less than 3,400-clock hours as a licensed apprentice working under the
direct supervision of a licensed master gasfitter or under the direct supervision of a
licensed journeyman gasfitter who is in the employ of a master gasfitter in accordance
with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3, installing, repairing, or maintaining gas piping systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical to the discipline of the gasfitting
industry only. For the purposes of licensure as a journeyman gasfitter experience that is
limited to installing HVAC components for the installation of heating systems, steam
piping and hydronic heat piping shall not be considered qualifying experience.
2. Education .
a. The applicant shall furnish documentation to the Board of having received a high
school diploma or the equivalent, and:
b. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having completed by test review
150 clock hours of apprenticeship gasfitting educational theory approved by the
Board over a period of no less than two years that includes but is not limited to the
Board administered requirements of 248 CMR 11. 00.
3. A pprentice Gasfitter License Renewal . An apprentice license shall not be renewed
after four renewal cycles have elapsed. A licensed apprentice gasfitter who has not
successfully obtained a journeyman gasfitter license through the examination process
following six examination attempts shall not be renewed. An apprentice who is licensed
and whose license has not been renewed for non-compliance with the requirements of
248 CMR 1 1.00 shall be permitted to petition the Board for reinstatement of his or her
apprentice license.
(b) Apprentice Gasfitter Licensed on or after September 1. 2008 . An applicant who is a
licensed apprentice gasfitter and the apprentice license was received on or after
September 1, 2008 in accordance with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3A shall be required to complete the
education and experience criteria in 248 CMR 1 1.02(3)(b)l. and 2. to be eligible to sit for
the journeyman gasfitter examination:
1. Experience . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion, within the three years preceding application, of practical work
experience of no less than 5,100-clock hours as a licensed apprentice working under the
direct supervision of a licensed master gasfitter or under the direct supervision of a
licensed journeyman gasfitter who is in the employ of a master gasfitter in accordance
with M.G.L, c. 142, § 3, installing, repairing, or maintaining gas piping systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or other appliances typical to the discipline of the gas fitting
industry only. For the purposes of licensure as a journeyman gasfitter experience that is
limited to installing HVAC components for the installation of heating systems, steam
piping and hydronic heat piping shall not be considered qualifying experience.
2. Education .
a. The applicant shall furnish documentation to the Board of having received a high
school diploma or the equivalent, and;
7/13/07 248 CMR -258
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.02: continued
b. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having completed by test review
330 clock hours of apprenticeship gasfitting educational theory approved by the
Board over a period of no less than three years that includes but is not limited to the
Board administered requirements of 248 CMR 11.00.
3. Apprentice Gasfitter License Renewal . An apprentice license shall not be renewed
after four renewal cycles have elapsed. A licensed apprentice gasfitter who has not
successfully obtained a journeyman gasfitter license through the examination process
following six examination attempts shall not be renewed. An apprentice who is licensed
and whose license has not been renewed for non-compliance with the requirements of
248 CMR 1 1.00 shall be permitted to petition the Board for reinstatement of his or her
apprentice license.
(4) Qualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for Master Gasfitter Examination .
(a) Master Gasfitter Exam - Apprentice or Journeyman License Received before
September 1. 2008 . An applicant who is a licensed journeyman gas fitter and who received
an apprentice or a journeyman gasfitter license before September 1 , 2008 in accordance with
M.G.L. c. 142, § 3 shall be required to complete the education and experience criteria in
248 CMR 1 1.02(4)(a)l. and 2. to be eligible to sit for the master gasfitters examination.
1. Ex perience . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion of no less than six calendar months of practical experience
totaling a minimum of 850 clock hours of experience as the holder of a journeyman
gasfitter license and has been actively engaged in or working at the business of, installing
repairing, or maintaining gasfitting systems, apparatus, devices, fixtures or other
appliances typical to the discipline of the gasfitting industry only.
2, Educatjon . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board of
having completed by test review 50 clock hours of educational gasfitting theory in a
master gasfitter educational program, separate from the mandatory continuing education
requirements, approved by the Board that includes but is not limited to the Board
administered requirements of 248 CMR 11.00.
(b) Master Gasfitter Exam - Apprentice or Journeyman License Received on or after
Se ptember 1.2008 . An applicant who is a licensed journeyman gas fitter and who received
an apprentice or a journeyman gas fitter license on or after September 1 , 2008 in accordance
with M.G.L. c. 142, § 3 shall be required to complete the experience criteria in 248 CMR
1 1.02(4)(b)l. and 2. to be eligible to sit for the master gasfitter examination.
Experience . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion of no less than one year practical experience totaling a minimum
of 1,700 clock hours of experience as the holder of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts
journeyman gasfitter license and has been actively engaged in or working at the business of
installing repairing, or maintaining gasfitting systems, apparatus, devices, fixtures or other
appliances typical to the discipline of the gasfitting industry only.
(5) Qualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installer
Examination .
(a) Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installer Exam Taken on or after Septepiber 1 . 2008 .
An applicant for licensure as an undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer who takes the
exam on or after September 1, 2008 shall be required to complete the education and
experience requirements in 248 CMR 11.02(5)(a)l. and 2, to be eligible to sit for the
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer examination.
1. Experie)[)ce . The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board
demonstrating completion, within two years preceding the date of the application,
practical work experience of no less than 3,400 clock hours over a period of no less than
two years specifically in the discipline of undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installations
working under the direct supervision of a Commonwealth of Massachusetts licensed
undiluted liquefied petroleum gasfitting installer licensed in accordance with
M.G.L. c. 142, § 3, installing, repaying, or maintaining propane gas piping systems,
apparatus, devices, fixtures or oflier appliances restricted to the discipline of the
undiluted liquefied petfoleum gasfitting industry only. For the purposes of licensure as
a undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer experience that is limited to installing
HVAC components for the installation of heating systems, steam piping and hydronic
heat piping shall not be considered qualifying experience.
7/13/07 248 CMR -259
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.02: continued
2. Education .
a. The applicant shall furnish documentation satisfactory to the Board of having
received a high school diploma or the equivalent, and:
b. The applicant shall furnish documentary proof of having completed by test review
220 clock hours of undiluted liquefied petroleum gas educational theory in a
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas educational program, separate from any mandatory
continuing education requirements, approved by the Board that includes but is not
limited to the Board administered requirements of 248 CMR 1 1 .00.
(6) Qualifications as a Prerequisite to Sit for a Limited Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Installer Examination . An applicant for licensure as a limited undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installer shall be required to complete the education and experience requirements in 248 CMR
1 1 ,02(6)(a) and (b) to be eligible to sit for the limited undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer
examination.
(a) Experience . An applicant shall furnish documentary proof satisfactory to the Board of
having a minimum of 1,700 hours of work experience in construction and familiarity with
construction sites including supervised observation of and experience with the installation,
connecting and relocating from place to place of portable construction type undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas portable heating equipment.
(b) Practical Examination . An applicant for a limited undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installer license shall be capable of demonstrating by both a practical exam and a written
exam to the satisfaction of the examiner competence and skill in the fastening methods of
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and vessels associated with temporary
construction equipment prior to being issued a license in accordance with M.G.L, c. 142, § 3.
(7) Reciprocity and Out-of-state Master and Journeyman Licensee Requirements: Equivalency
and Waivers .
(a) Education or Experience Waivers and Equivalency . Applicants for master plumber
licenses or journeyman plumber licenses who do not comply with the education or
experience provisions of 248 CMR 11.00 may submit to the Board a written request
petitioning that such experience or education be considered for approval as the equivalent
of the specific experience and education requirements found in 248 CMR 11. 00 and for a
waiver of so much of the experience or education requirements of 248 CMR 11 .00 that have
not been completed. The written request shall contain documentation regarding the amount
and type of educational theory courses completed and practical work experience obtained.
(b) Reciprocity - United States Jurisdiction . An applicant who is licensed in another state
or jurisdiction as a journeyman plumber or master plumber or equivalent and who is applying
for the equivalent licensure in the Conunonwealth of Massachusetts shall meet the following
requirements:
1. Submit a completed application and the appropriate fee to the Board with
documentation sufficient to demonstrate that the out of state license has been active for
not less than the three years immediately preceding the date of application and
documentation from the issuing jurisdiction that the requirements for obtaining and
maintaining the license are substantially equivalent to the requirements in the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
2. Submit a statement certified by the Keeper of Records of the issuing jurisdiction that
such license is current, in good standing, and that there is no pending disciplinary action
relating to the license.
(c) Reciprocity - International Jurisdiction . An applicant who is licensed in a jurisdiction
outside of the United States as a journeyman or master plumber or the equivalent and who
is applying for the equivalent licensure in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall meet
the following requirements:
1. Submit a completed application and the appropriate fee to the Board with
documentation, translated into the English language, sufficient to demonstrate that the
international license has been active for not less than the three years immediately
preceding the date of application and documentation from the issuing international
jurisdiction that the requirements for obtaining and maintaining the license are
substantially equivalent to the requirements in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 260
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .02: continued
2. Submit a statement translated into the English language and certified by the Keeper
of Records of the issuing international jurisdiction that such license or equivalent is
current, in good standing, and that there is no pending disciplinary action relating to the
license.
(d) The Board reserves the right to request additional information regarding qualifications
and may choose not to entertain or grant a request for education or experience waivers or
applications from applicants who are licensed in another United States or international
jurisdiction seeking licensure as a journeyman plumber or master plumber.
11 .03: Application Requirements and Examination Administration
(1) Application Materials . Examination applications are processed by the Board office and
examination vendor on a daily basis. Exams are administered each day. It is the responsibility
of the applicant for examination to make certain that all the required application documents and
required supplementary documents demonstrating completion of experience and education
requirements are completed before they are submitted for approval.
(a) Applications which are not filed by the applicable deadline shall not be accepted.
(b) Applications which are not complete, not legible, or are not accompanied by the
required documentation, information and fee(s) shall not be accepted and shall be returned
to the applicant.
(c) Veterans . Qualified applicants for examination who are Veterans when making
application for examination shall file a copy of their DD-214 Discharge Papers/Separation
Papers. The DD-214 shall include the date of induction into active service and date of
separation.
Credit to Veterans . The Board shall grant a qualified applicant^who is a veteran as
defined in M.G.L. c. 4, § 7, clause Forty-third a credit of 21/2% for the written theory portion
of the exam and 2'/2% for the practical portion of the exam.
(2) Reasonable Accommodations for Examinations . Qualified applicants for examination who
are physically impaired or challenged by Doctor/Physician documented medical conditions may
receive upon request other Board authorized reasonable accommodations as required by law.
Documentation of the applicant's medical condition shall be filed when an application for
examination is submitted.
(3) Examination Scores . Qualified applicants for examination shall achieve the following to
qualify for licensure:
(a) Receive a score of no less than 70% to pass a written practical examination; and
(b) Receive a score of no less than 70% to pass a written theory/code examination.
(c) Applicants for examination who receive less than 70% and fail the written practical
portion of the exam shall be required to retake the written practical portion of the
examination only within one year from date of failure.
Applicants who have not obtained a passing score on written practical portion of the
examination and do not retest within one year from date of failure shall be required to retake
all parts of the examination.
(d) Applicants for examination who receive less than 70% and fail the written theory/code
portion of the exam shall be required to retake the written theory/code portion of the
examination only within one year from date of failure.
Applicants who have not obtained a passing score on the written theory/code portion of
the examination and do not retest within one year from date of failure shall be required to
retake all parts of the examination,
(4) Examination Review .
(a) Any applicant who does not achieve a passing score on any part of an examination may
apply to the Board's designated exam administrator in writing for an opportunity to review
the examination.
(b) Each applicant seeking review of an examination shall submit the requked fee for such
review.
(c) Applicants permitted to review an examination may not be accompanied by any
person(s) while engaged in a review.
7/13/07 248 CMR -261
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11,03: continued
(d) The Board shall make all final decisions with respect to the validity of examination
questions, applicant scores and applicant licensure.
1 1 .04: Mandatory Continuing Education (MCE) Requirements for Master and Journeymen Plumbers. Master
and Journeyman Gasfitters and for Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers
(1) General Continuing Education Provisions .
(a) Effective for all licenses expiring on or after April 30, 2010, Commonwealth of
Massachusetts licensed plumbers and gasfitters shall during every two year license cycle
complete a course of continuing education which shall consist of the following:
1. 12-clock hours of continuing education per renewal cycle for plumbers; provided,
however, that no more than six hours may be completed within any 12 month period of
the renewal cycle; and
2. six -clock hours of continuing education per renewal cycle for gasfitters and undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas installers; provided, however, that no more than three hours may
be completed within any 12 month period of the renewal cycle.
(b) Continuing education requirements, including but not limited to policy, procedure,
course content and approval and provider approval shall be established by the Board and
administered by Board approved providers acting in accordance with Board rules, regulations
and policies relative to the administration of continuing education requirements. Continuing
education courses shall focus on the Rules and Regulations of 248 CMR 3.00 through 1 1 .00.
In addition, the Board may approve continuing education courses may include industry
related business, law, technology or other subject matter found applicable to the discipline
of the plumbing and gasfitting industry and the professional development of the licensee.
(2) Requirements for License Renevyal .
(a) Except as othei-wise permitted in 248 CMR 1 1 .00, each licensed plumber, gasfitter or
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer shall, as a condition of license renewal, present
evidence satisfactory to the Board demonstrating that in the two year cycle immediately
preceding license renewal of completion of the following as applicable:
1. 12-clock hours of approved continuing education courses for plumbers with an
approved provider; provided, however, that no more than six hours may be completed
within any 12 month period of the renewal cycle; and
2. six-clock hours of approved continuing education courses for gasfitters or undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas installers with an approved provider provided, however, that no
more than three hours may be completed within any 12 month period of the renewal
cycle.
(b) Every journeyman and master plumber licensee of the Board as a condition for license
renewal, shall present documentation that one of the following requirement(s) has been
satisfied and received from an authorized continuing education Provider per renewal cycle:
12-clock hours of theory specifically related to the Rules and Regulations contained in
248 CMR 3.00 through 11.00; provided, however, that no more than six hours may be
completed within any 12 month period of the renewal cycle, or
(c) Every Journeyman Gasfitter, Master Gasfitter or Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Installer licensee of the Board as a condition for license renewal, shall present documentation
that the following requirement(s) has been satisfied and received from a authorized Provider
per renewal cycle:
six clock hours of theory specifically related to the Rules and Regulations contained in
248 CMR 3.00 through 7.00; provided, however, that no more than three hours may be
completed within any 12 month period of the renewal cycle.
(d) Each licensee shall retain all Mandatory Continuing Education documentation for no
less than three renewal cycles and shall furnish this documentation to the Board for
verification of completion of the Continuing Education requirements if requested by the
Board.
(e) Licensees who reside within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall complete;
1. 12-clock hours for plumber licensees continuing education with one or more
approved providers; or
2. six-clock hours for gasfitters licensees or undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installers
of continuing education with one or more approved providers.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 262
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .04: continued
3. An online learning or non-online correspondence course approved by the Board may
be used for no more than three hours of mandatory continuing education hours in each
renewal cycle.
(f) Licensees who reside outside the Commonwealth of Massachusetts may acquire;
1 . 1 2-clock hours for plumber licensees of the required continuing education from one
or more providers; or
2. six-clock hours for gasfitters licensees or undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installers
of the required continuing education from one or more providers,
3. An online learning or non-online correspondence course may be used for no more
than 50% of mandatory continuing education hours,
(g) It shall be the licensee's responsibility to ensure that their Provider has been authorized
by the Board.
(h) The Board may establish additional course requirements as developments in the
technology of the profession require,
(3) Licensee Qualifications for Exemption of the (MCE) Mandatory Continuing Education
Requirement .
(a) A master plumber or gasfitter licensee who is approved in accordance with 248 CMR
11, 04 as an Instructor or Provider shall be exempt from completing mandatory continuing
education requirements subject to the below requirements:
1 . The licensee has conducted two six clock hour seminars or courses within a renewal
cycle period specifically related to the Rules and Regulations contained in 248 CMR
3.00: through 11.00; or
2. The licensee is a qualified and duly appointed Inspector, Assistant Inspector or
Alternate Inspector of Plumbing and/or Gasfitting appointed pursuant to M.G,L. c. 142,
§ lib and has successfully completed the continuing education requirements of
M.G.L c, 142, § lib.
3. The licensee is a State Inspector/Investigator or is the Executive Director or Associate
Executive Director for the Board of Examiners or Plumbers and Gasfitters and employed
by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Professional Licensure (DPL).
4. The licensee is an appointed member of the Board of Examiners of Plumbers and
Gasfitters.
5. The licensee is 65 years of age or older whose license is in good standing and who
is not for hire or regularly employed by a master plumber or master gasfitter.
(b) Issuance of an Initial License Six Months Preceding the Bi-annual Renewal Date . Any
holder of a license initially issued by the Board following examination during the 180 days
preceding the May 1" bi-annual license renewal date shall be given a waiver of such
continuing education requirement for the license renewal cycle in effect at the time of initial
licensure only.
(c) Waivers for Other Good Cause .
1 . The Board or Board authorized designee may consider the granting of a waiver of the
mandatory continuing education requirements for other good cause shown. The waiver
request shall be in writing and shall be accompanied by other supporting documentation
that the licensee desires the Board to consider before ruling on the waiver request
2. The Board or Board authorized designee may at its discretion consider a written
request for a waiver from the continuing education requirement under the following
circumstances:
3. Illi)ess or Disabiljfy of the Licensee or Immediate Family Member . A request for a
waiver based on illness, disability, or other medically-related condition shall be in writing
and accompanied by a letter addressed to the Board written and signed by a licensed
medical physician stating the nature of the licensee's or the inmiediate family member's
medical condition and the correlation between that condition and circumstance and the
licensee's inability to complete the required continuing education within the required
period.
(4) failure by a Licensee to Complete (MCEI Mandatory Continuing Education Req ii jirement .
(a) Any licensee who does not complete the required clock hours of continuing education
within the license renewal cycle shall complete one additional 12 clock hour course cycle for
plumber licensees and/or one six-clock hour course cycle for gasfitter licensees for each
renewal cycle for which the licensee is delinquent.
7/13/07 248 CMR -263
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .04: continued
(b) The additional required mandatory continuing education courses in 248 CMR
1 1.04(4)(a) shall be taken in the following manner:
1 . Each course shall be provided by a different instructor; and
2. the licensee shall provide documentation as evidence from the provider that
completion of all required continuing education has been satisfactorily achieved.
(c) If a licensee fails to complete continuing education requirements for any renewal cycle
the renewal of the license or license(s) of the licensee shall be subject to Board review and
disciplinary action that may include but not be limited to re-examination.
(5) Initial Certificate and Documentation of Completion of (MCE) Mandatoiy Continuing
Education Requirements .
(a) Upon the successful completion of the clock hours of continuing education each licensee
shall receive from his or her board approved continuing education provider a certificate of
completion.
(b) Each licensee shall retain such documentation for three renewal cycles and shall furnish
it to the Board for verification of completion of the mandatory continuing education
requirements if so requested.
(6) Duplicate (MCE) Mandatory Continuing Education Certificate .
(a) Any licensee whose certificate of completion has been lost or destroyed shall obtain a
duplicate certificate from the original provider by forwarding a written request including the
reason(s) for the duplicate and any fee required by the Provider.
(b) It shall be the responsibility of the licensee to make available all certificates to the Board
if requested by the Board,
(7) Falsification of Information or Fraudulent Transfer of Mandatory Continuing Education
Certificates of Completion . The falsification of any Mandatory Continuing Education or the
transfer of a certificate of completion of continuing education to any individual in order to meet
Mandatory Continuing Education license renewal requirements shall be grounds for the initiation
of formal disciplinary proceedings against the licensees found to have engaged in such
misconduct, up to and including suspension or revocation of any license(s) issued by the Board.
1 1 .05: Qualifications and Requirements for Mandatory Continuing Education Providers and Instructors
(1) Oualifjcations and Requirements for Mandatory Continuing Education Providers .
(a) A Provider of Mandatory Continuing Education seminars or courses may include:
1. vocational schools;
2. association-sponsored programs;
3. labor training programs;
4. employer training programs;
5. private program.
(b) All Providers seeking Board approval to conduct programs for Mandatory Continuing
Education within or outside of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall meet the
requirements in 248 CMR 11.05(l)(b)l. through 6.;
1. Complete and submit the Provider Application Form.
2. Submit the form to the Board or its designee for review and approval.
3. Complete and submit the Provider Agreement Form which shall be accompanied by
the appropriate application fee.
4. Include with the Application Form and Agreement a detailed outline of each course
of study offered, the names and license numbers of all master license instructors
employed by the Provider as instructors in courses for which the Provider is seeking
Board approval.
5. Proof of liability insurance satisfactory to the Board shall be provided.
6. The applicant Provider shall provide a copy of an indemnification bond in such form
and amount as shall be required by the Board,
(c) The Board may withdraw without notice at any time its approval as issued to any
Provider or issued for any program, course or instructor who, in the Board's opinion and in
its sole discretion, no longer meets the requirements for approval established by the Board.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 264
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FnTERS
11.05: continued
(2) Instructor Qualifications to Conduct (MCE) Mandatory Continuing Education Courses .
(a) Provider instructors shall be master licensees and shall be approved by the Board before
being authorized to serve as an instructor for any Mandatory Continuing Education course.
(b) Each Provider shall notify the Board in writing of any change of instructors for any
course within ten days of the change.
(c) Provider instructors of Mandatory Continuing Education courses shall be master
licensed plumbers in order to be approved to instruct in plumbing courses or licensed master
gasfitters in order to be approved to instruct in gas fitting courses.
(d) The Board may approve other individuals who are not licensed master plumbers or
master gasfitters to serve as instructors of Mandatory Continuing Education courses where
those individuals have a demonstrated competency in subject areas applicable to the
plumbing and gasfitting industry.
(3) Mandatory Continuing Education Record Keeping Requirements .
(a) Mandatory Continuing Education Records . All authorized Providers shall maintain for
a period of no less than three license renewal cycles complete and accurate records for each
licensee to whom the provider has issued a Certificate of Completion of Continuing
Education.
(b) Mandatory Continuing Education Certificates of Completion . A Certificate of
Completion of Mandatory Continuing Education Seminar Course record shall include all of
the following information:
1 . Three digit Provider number as issued by the Board.
2. Instructor's name and license number.
3. Instructor's actual or electronic signature signed under pains and penalties of perjury.
4. Course date.
5. Classroom clock hours of instruction and course subject matter.
6. Provider nine digit Division of Professional Licensure (DPL) security pin number.
7. Provider phone number.
8. Attendee name and his or her license number.
(c) Approved Providers shall maintain a current approval certificate that is in good standing
with the Board.
(d) Approved Providers shall possess and maintain electronic technology acceptable to the
Board.
(e) Each approved Providers shall at its own expense and in a format approved by the Board
electronicsJly transmit to the Board or its designee certification of each licensee's completion
of the continuing education course within two working days of the completion date of the
course. The certification shall contain the following data and information:
1. Names and license number(s) of all licensees attending the continuing education
course.
2. Date of the course.
(f) The Board may charge course providers a fee to recover costs for software and for
training Providers in the use of that software.
(g) All records maintained by the provider shall be made available to the Board or its
designee within ten days upon request.
(h) Each provider shall be responsible for the security of the Board issued provider nine
digit number and authorization certificate in accordance with 248 CMR 1 1.00.
(i) Falsification of any information relating to Mandatory Continuing Education
requirements by the Provider shall result in the revocation of any approval provided by the
Board to any Provider engaging in such misconduct. In addition, the Board may initiate any
other legal action it deems appropriate in the circumstances, including but not limited to
criminal prosecution. Any licensee(s) participating in such misconduct shall be the subject
of formal disciplinary proceedings, including but not limited to both administrative and
criminal proceedings.
(4) Providers shall offer continuing education courses in one of the following formats only:
(a) No more than six hours of classroom instruction may be presented in one day.
(b) Three hours of classroom instruction presented in one day.
(c) An online leaming or written correspondence course approved by the Board.
7/13/07 248 CMR -265
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.05: continued
(d) Providers shall limit the number of students for any continuing education class to no
more than 49.
(e) Providers shall not advertise or promote the sale of specific goods and/or services during
the course of any continuing education class.
(f) A provider's approval to offer instruction in Continuing Education expires on the last
day of each license renewal cycle.
(g) The Board may withdraw without notice at any time its approval of any Provider
instructor who fails to meet the educational criteria established in 248 CMR 11. 00.
(h) The Board may deny approval of an application from a provider for any of the following
reasons:
1 . failure to comply with the provisions of 248 CMR 1 1.05(4);
2. inadequate or unprofessional coverage of the materials required to be included in the
course materials; or
3. unsatisfactory evaluations of the course materials by instructors, licensees, the Board
or its designee.
(i) If an application is refused or not approved, written notice explaining the basis for the
decision shall be provided to the applicant by the Board or its designee
(5) Course Materials . The Board shall approve course materials to be used for Mandatory
Continuing Education courses. Course materials are the printed materials that serve as the basis
for the Mandatory Continuing Education courses provided to licensees. The following minimum
criteria shall be used by the Board in considering approval of course materials;
(a) The course materials shall provide the basis for a minimum of three classroom hours of
instruction per course as approved by the Board.
(b) Course materials shall not advertise or promote the sale of goods and/or services.
Advertisements used in conjunction with course materials must be clearly identifiable as such
and clearly labeled as advertising.
(c) The Board shall approve a minimum of two vendors to offer course materials as needed,
in correspondence form and make it available for a period of two years for the renewal of an
expired license.
(d) The provider of course materials must have legal ownership of, or the appropriate
license for the use of all copyrighted material included within the course materials.
(e) All Board approved course materials shall contain a prominently displayed approval
statement containing the following language: "THIS CONTINUING EDUCATION
COURSE MATERIAL HAS BEEN APPROVED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS STATE
BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS. BY APPROVAL OF
THIS COURSE MATERL\L. THE BOARD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS. THIS COURSE
MATERL\L IS NOT BEING PUBLISHED BY NOR IS A PUBLICATION OF THE
BOARD."
1 1 .06: Education Hour and Course Content Requirements to be Administered bv Public. Private. Proprietary
or Other Occupational Trade Schools
(1) Educational Requirements for Applicants who Attend a Comprehensive Public High School
Ci^reer/Vocational-Technical School Program as a Prerequisite to Sit for Journeyman Plumbers
Examination . Effective beginning September 1, 2008, an applicant who successfully completes
a Public Comprehensive High School CareerA^ocational Technical School Program as the CVTE
(Career Vocational Technical Education) educational standard framework and who otherwise
meets the requirements of 248 CMR 1 1 .00 may submit educational hours earned in the Public
Comprehensive High School CareerA'ocational Technical School Program towards the
journeyman plumbers education examination requirements where the following requirements are
met;
(a) Experience . The applicant who was a student shall present documentation
demonstrating that he or she complies with the Public Comprehensive High School
CareerA'^ocational-Technical School Experience Accumulation Standard 248 CMR 1 1.00
for partial credit.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 266
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.06: continued
The 330 clock hours of theory and one year of practical experience required for licensure
by the Board shall be considered incorporated and acceptable when administrated by a Public
Comprehensive High School CareerA^ocational Technical School Program as the CVTE
(Career Vocational Technical Education) educational standard framework approved by the
Department of Education and the State Board of Examiners of Plumbers and Gasfitters under
M.G.L. c. 74.
(b) Experience/Education Hours Credit . Students who attended a Public Comprehensive
High School CareerA'^ocational-Technical School Program approved by the Board and the
Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 74 and the student successfully and satisfactorily
completed an educational standard that demonstrates occupational proficiency in the
discipline of plumbing and gasfitting shall accumulate and be granted on an annual basis the
following hours of education and experience:
1. 560-clock hours/four-months credit for plumbing and gasfitting practical work
experience; and
2. 1 10-clockhours credit for plumbing and gasfitting educational theory experience and;
3. Students shall accumulate and be granted no more than 1 ,700-clock hours/ 1 2-months
credit for plumbing and gasfitting practical work experience and;
4. no more than 330-clock hours credit for plumbing and gasfitting apprenticeship
educational theoiy.
5. Vocational technical school students shall not be considered as licensed apprentices
unless the student is in the employ of a master plumber in compliance with
M.G.L c. 142, § 3A.
(c) The Board reserves the right to alter or amend the requirements of 248 CMR 1 1 .00 in
the exercise of its sole discretion on its initiative or in response to a petition of the authorized
authority of a Public Comprehensive High School Cai-eerA^ocational-Technical School
Program approved by the Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 74 and the requirements
of248 CMR 11.00.
(2) Educational Requirements for Applicants who attend a Public. Private. Proprietary or other
Occupational Trade School Administering Programs to Meet Oualific^tions to sit for a
Plumbing. Gasfitting of Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gasfitting Journeyman or Master License
Examination and the Applicant was Licensed as an Apprentice jpefore September 1. 2008 .
(a) An applicant who successfully completes a Public, Private, Proprietary or other
Occupational Trade School Education Standard and who otherwise meets the requirements
of 248 CMR 1 1.00 may submit educational hours earned in the Public, Private, Proprietary
or other Occupational Trade School Education Standard towards the journeyman plumber
education requirements. The applicant who completed such a program shall present
documentation demonstrating that he or she successfully completed a program which
complies with the Public, Private, Proprietary or other Occupational Trade School Education
Standard in 248 CMR 1 1.00 in order to obtain education hours credit.
(b) The clock hour courses for combination plumbing and gasfitting classes or the clock
hour courses for gasfitting or undiluted liquefied petroleum classes as administrated by a
public, private, proprietary or other Occupational Trade School Program licensed by the
Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21 A through 21G or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education approved by the Board and the
Commissioner of Education shall be subject to the requirements of 248 CMR 11. 00 for a
licensed apprentice to be eligible for examination as a journeyman plumber or journeyman
gasfitter or to be eligible for examination for licensure as an undiluted liquefied petroleum
installer,
(c) The Board of Examiners of Plumbers and Gasfitters published educational standard for
the Public, Private, Proprietary or other Occupational Trade School 50, 75, 100, 150 or 300
clock hour plumbing, gasfitting or undiluted liquefied petroleum gas educational programs
shall be administered in the following manner:
1 . Education Hours Requirements for Apprentice Plumbers . The 300 clock hour course
shall be segregated into two-Tiers with Modules for apprentice's candidates only.
2, ]Bach Tier shall Contain no Less than 1 50-clock hours . A Tier may be segmented into
two 75-clock hour courses.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 267
11.06; continued
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
a. no more than 150 clock hours in theory shall be obtained in one calendar year.
b. Apprentice applicants for licensure as a journeyman plumber shall complete 300
clock hours of plumbing and gasfitting educational theory. This educational theory
requirement shall not be deemed to have been met if the educational theory hours are
obtained in a master level course.
c. The journeyman licensee applicant shall demonstrate proficiency and competency
in the discipline of plumbing and gasfitting by test review.
d. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Standards.
3. Education Experience for Journeyman Plumber Applicants fpr Master Plumber
Examination . The 100 clock hour Board educational standard for master plumber
examination applicants only may be segregated into two Tiers with modules or may be
a single module.
a. Joumeyman applicants for licensure as a master plumber shall successfully
complete 100 clock hours for plumbing and gasfitting educational theory. This
educational theory requirement shall not be deemed to have been met if the
educational theory hours are obtained in an apprentice level course.
b. The joumeyman licensee applicant for the master plumber license examination
shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of plumbing and
gasfitting by test review.
4. Specific Education Requirements for Programs for Journeyman or Master Plumber
A pplicants . Each Tier shall include coverage in but shall not be limited to the following
subjects:
a. The Board adopted most current edition of 248 CMR 3.00 through 1 1.00 that
includes M.G.L. c. 142, Supervision of Plumbing;
b. 24% CMR 3 .00; General Provisions Governing the Conduct of Plumbing and Gas
Work Performed in the Commonwealth;
c. 248 CMR 4.00: Introduction and Massachusetts Modifications;
d. 248 CMR 5.00: Amendments to 2002 Edition of ANSI 1223. 1 NFPA-54\
e. 248 CMR 7.00: Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large
Boilers;
f. 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code;
g. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Rules and Regulations
including the Construction Outreach Training Program;
h. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS); and
i. Dig Safe Systems in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, M.G.L. c. 82, § 40.
5. Education Experience for Apprentice Gasfitters . The 150-clock hour gasfitting
course shall be segregated into one or two Tiers with Modules for apprentices only. A
Tier may be segmented into two 75-clock hour courses.
a. Apprentice applicants for licensure as a journeyman gasfitters shall successfully
and satisfactorily complete 150 clock hours of gasfitting educational theory.
b. The joumeyman licensee applicant shall demonstrate proficiency and competency
in the discipline of gasfitting by test review.
c. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards. Gasfitting courses shall be designed by
segregating the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and
gas fitting regulations
6. Education Experience for Joumevman Gasfitter Applicants for the Master Gasfitter
Examination . The 50 clock hour Board educational standard for master gasfitter
examination applicants shall be administered in a single Tier module only.
a. Joumeyman applicants for licensure as a master gasfitters shall successfully and
satisfactorily complete 50 clock hours of gasfitting educational theory. This
educational theory requirement shall not be deemed to have been met if the
educational theory hours are obtained in an apprentice level course.
b. The joumeyman licensee applicant for the master gasfitter examination shall
demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of gasfitting by test review.
7/13/07 248 CMR -268
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.06: continued
c. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards. Gasfitting course shall be designed by
segregating the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and
gas fitting regulations
7. Education Experience for Applicants for Examination for Licensure as Undiluted
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installers Effective September 1. 2008 . The 150 clock hour
Board educational standard for undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installer examination
applicants may be segregated into two-Tiers with modules or may be a single module.
a. Applicants for examination for licensure as undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installers shall successfully and satisfactorily complete 1 50 clock hours of undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas installation educational theory. This educational theory
requirement shall not be deemed to have been met if the educational theory hours are
obtained in a course other than an undiluted liquefied petroleum gas program.
b. The applicant shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installation by test review.
c. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Exaniiners Educational Policy Standards. The undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installation course shall be designed by including the educational standards that relate
to undiluted liquefied propane gasfitting and propane gas installation only.
8. Specific Education Requirements for Gasfitting Programs . Each Tier shall include
but shall not be limited to the following subjects;
a. The Board adopted most current edition of 248 CMR 3.00 through 1 1 .00;
b. M.G.L. c. 142: Supervision of Plumbing;
c. 248 CMR 3.00: General Provisions Governing the Conduct of Plumbing and
Gas Work Performed in the Commonwealth',
d. 248 CMR 4.00: Introduction and Massachusetts Modifications;
e. 248 CMR 5.00: Amendments to 2002 Edition ofANSlZ223J NFPA-54; and
f. 248 CMR 7.00: Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large
Boilers,
9. Each Tier shall be Administered and Designed in Compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards . Gasfitting courses shall be designed by
segregating the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and gas
fitting regulations.
a. All Public, Private, Proprietary or Occupational Trade School Program licensed
by the Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21 A through 21G,or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education shall be approved by
the Board or its designee and the Commissioner of Education annually.
b. Apprentices may not advance from one Tier to another Tier until the clock hour
requirement has been satisfied in the preceding Tier and the apprentice has
successfully completed by test review the preceding Tier.
c. Individuals who fail to complete a Tier in accordance with 248 CMR 1 1 .00 shall
be required to fulfill the Tier completion requirements by attending make-up classes
in the Tier that they have not completed.
10. The Board reserves the right to alter or amend in the exercise of its sole discretion
the requirements of 248 CMR 11.00 relative to the educational standards to be
administered by the Private Proprietary Occupational Trade School Program licensed by
the Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21A through 21G or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education approved by the Board and
the Commissioner of Education.
(3) Administrative Requirements for Public. Private. Proprietary or other Occupational Trade
School that Administer Programs as a Prerequisite for Applicants to sit for a Plumbing.
Gasfitting or Undiluted Liquefied Petroleum Gasfitting Examination and the Applicant Was
Licensed as an Apprentice on or after September 1. 2008 .
(a) Instructor Qualifications . All plumbing and/or gasfitting instructors shall be licensed
as masters in compliance with M.G,L. c. 142, § 3 and where applicable certified in
compliance with all Department of Education requirements. Plumbing and/or gasfitting
instructors shaE only be qualified to instruct within the discipline of their license.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 269
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .06: continued
(b) Education Hours Requirements for Apprentice Plumbers . The 550-clock hour program
shall be administered in the following manner:
1 . The course shall be segregated into five Tiers with modules.
2. Each Tier shall contain no more than 1 10-clock hours.
3. Each Tier shall be consecutive and shall be designed to coincide with the years of
experience of the apprentice student. For example, Tier One should be designed to
educate an apprentice with no experience to one year of experience. Tier Two should be
designed for an apprentice with two years of experience.
4. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Standards.
5. The applicant for journeyman license shall demonstrate proficiency and competency
in the discipline of plumbing and gasfitting by test review.
6. Each Tier shall include coverage in but shall not be limited to the following subject
areas:
a. M.G.L. c. 142; Supervision of Plumbing',
h. 248 CMR 3.00: General Provisions Governing the Conduct of Plumbing and
Gas Work Performed in the Commonwealth;
c. 248 CMR 4.00: Introduction and Massachusetts Modifications;
d. 248 CMR 5.00: Amendments to 2002 Edition of ANSI 2223.1 NFPA-54;
e. 248 CMR 7.00: Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large
Boilers;
f. 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code;
g. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Rules and Regulations
including the Construction Outreach Training Program.
h. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
i. Dig Safe Systems in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, M,G.L. c. 82 § 40,
(c) Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards. Gasfitting courses shall be designed by segregating
the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and gas fitting
regulations.
a. All Public, Private, Proprietary or Occupational Trade School Program licensed
by the Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21 A through 21G,or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education shall be approved by
the Board or its designee and the Commissioner of Education annually.
b. Apprentices may not advance from one Tier to another Tier until the clock hour
requirement has been satisfied in the preceding Tier and the apprentice has
successfully completed by test review the preceding Tier.
c. Individuals who fail to complete a Tier in accordance with 248 CMR 1 1 .00 shall
be required to fulfill the Tier completion requirements by attending make-up classes
in the Tier that they have not completed.
(d) An applicant who successfully completes a Public, Private, Proprietary or other
Occupational Trade School Education Standard and who otherwise meets the requirements
of 248 CMR 11. 00 may submit educational hours earned in the Public, Private, Proprietary
or other Occupational Trade School Education Standard towards the journeyman plumber
education hour requirements. The applicant who completed such a program shall present
documentation demonstrating that he or she successfully completed a program which
complies with the Public, Private, Proprietary or other Occupation^d Trade School Education
Standard in 248 CMR II. 00 in order to obtain education hours credit.
(e) The clock hour courses for combination plumbing and gasfitting classes or the clock
hour courses for gasfitting or undiluted liquefied petroleum classes as administrated by a
public, private, proprietary or other Occupational Trade School Program licensed by the
Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21A through 21G or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education approved by the Board and the
Commissioner of Education shall be subject to the requirements of 248 CMR 1 1.00 for a
licensed apprentice to be eligible for examination as a journeyman plumber or journeyman
gasf itter or to be eligible for examination for licensure as an undiluted liquefied petroleum
installer.
7/13/07 248 CMR -270
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
1 1 .06: continued
(f) Education Experience for Journeyman Plumber Applicants for Master Plumber
Examination . Master plumber examination applicants shall have completed Tier Five of the
five Tier educational program. The journeyman licensee applicant for the master plumber
license examination shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of
plumbing and gasfitting by test review.
(g) Specific Education Requirements for Programs for Master Plumber Applicants . Tier
Five shall be designed to provide educational theory to applicants seeking master level
licensure, and shall include coverage in but shall not be limited to the following subjects:
1. The Board adopted most current edition of 248 CMR 3.00 through 11.00 that
includes M.G.L. c. 142: Supervision of Plumbing;
2. 248 CMR 3.00: General Provisions Governing the Conduct of Plumbing and Gas
Work Perfonned in the Commonwealth;
3. 248 CMR 4.00: Introduction and Massachusetts Modifications;
4. 248 CMR 5.00: Amendments to 2002 Edition ofANSIZ223J NFPA-54;
5. 248 CMR 7.00; Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large
Boilers;
6. 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code;
7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Rules and Regulations
including the Construction Outreach Training Program;
8. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
9. Dig Safe Systems in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, M.G.L. c. 82 § 40.
(h) Education Experience for Apprentice Gasfitters . The 330-clock hour gasfitting
educational program shall be segregated into three Tiers with modules for apprentices only.
Apprentice applicants for licensure as a journeyman gasfitters shall successfully and
satisfactorily complete 330 clock hours of gasfitting educational theory. The applicant for
journeyman license shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of
gasfitting by test review. Gasfitting courses shall be designed by segregating the educational
standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and gas fitting regulations,
(i) Education Experience for Journeyman Gasfitter Applicants for the Master Gasfitter
Examination . Master gasfitter examination applicants shall have completed Tier Three of
the three tier gasfitter educational program. The journeyman licensee applicant for the
master gasfitter license examination shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the
discipline of gasfitting by test review. The Tier Three gasfitting course shall be designed by
segregating the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and gas
fitting regulations.
(j) Education Experience for Applicants for Examination for Licensure as Undiluted
Li quefied Petroleum Gas Installers Effective September 1 , 2008 . The 220 clock hour Board
educational standard for undiluted liquefied petroleum examination applicants may be
segregated into two-Tiers with modules or may be a single module. .
1. Applicants for examination for licensure as undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installers shall successfully and satisfactorily complete 220 clock hours of undiluted
liquefied petroleum gas installation educational theory. This educational theory
requirement shall not be deemed to have been met if the educational theory hours are
obtained in a course other than an undiluted liquefied petroleum gas program.
2. The applicant shall demonstrate proficiency and competency in the discipline of
undiluted liquefied petroleum gas installation by test review.
3. Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards. The undiluted liquefied petroleum gas
installation course shall be designed by including the educational standards that relate to
undiluted liquefied propane gasfitting and propane gas installation only.
00 Specific Education Requirements for Gasfitting Programs . Each Tier shall include but
shall not be limited to the following subjects:
1 . The Board adopted most current edition of 248 CMR 3.00 through 1 1 .00;
2. M.G.L. c. 142: Supervision of Plumbing;
3. 248 CMR 3.00: General Provisions Governing the Conduct of Plumbing and Gas
Work Performed in the Commonwealth.
4. 248 CMR 4.00: Introduction and Massachusetts Modifications.
5. 248 CMR 5.00: Amendments to 2002 Edition ofANSIZ223.i NFPA-54.
7/13/07 248 CMR -271
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS
OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS
11.06; continued
6. 248 CMR 7.00; Massachusetts Code for Gas Utilization Equipment in Large
Boilers.
(1) Each Tier shall be administered and designed in compliance with the Board of
Examiners Educational Policy Standards. Gasfitting courses shall be designed by segregating
the educational standards that relate to natural or propane gasfitting and gas fitting
regulations.
1. All Public, Private, Proprietary or Occupational Trade School Program licensed by
the Department of Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21A through 2IG,or other
College/University or supplementary Institution of Education shall be approved by the
Board or its designee and the Commissioner of Education annually.
2. Apprentices may not advance from one Tier to another Tier until the clock hour
requirement has been satisfied in the preceding Tier and the apprentice has successfully
completed by test review the preceding Tier.
3. Individuals who fail to complete a Tier in accordance with 248 CMR 1 1 .00 shall be
required to fulfill the Tier completion requirements by attending make-up classes in the
Tier that they have not completed.
(m) The Board reserves the right to alter or amend in the exercise of its sole discretion the
requirements of 248 CMR 1 1.00 relative to the educational standards to be administered by
the Private Proprietary Occupational Trade School Program licensed by the Department of
Education under M.G.L. c. 93, §§ 21A through 210 or other College/University or
supplementary Institution of Education approved by the Board and the Commissioner of
Education.
(n) All educational programs shall make every effort to follow the educational standards and
guidelines for course hours, subject hours and course content as shall be published by the
Board of Examiners of Plumbers and Gasfitters,
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
248 CMR 11.00: M.G.L. c. 112. §§ 61 through 65B; c. 142, §§ 1 through 21.
7/13/07 248 CMR - 272
