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2001/02
3261
801
1759
3442
2002/03
3488 1473 3955
7468
2003/04
3562 1344 4330
14733
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??????䶮
ICF??s 2004 China Program Summary
Li Fengshan and Sara Gavney Moore, International Crane Foundation
1. Integrating Conservation with Rural
Development at Cao Hai Nature Reserve
The Ford Foundation-sponsored Cao Hai training
project, ??Establishment of a Training Program at
Cao Hai Nature Reserve for Participatory Nature
Conservation and Community Development??,
was completed in March 2005. Achievements
from 2004 through March 2005 included:
(1) Cao Hai training material,
Community-based
Conservation and Development- Experiences
from Cao Hai, has been finalized and will be
published by Guizhou Sciences and Technology
Press in the first half of 2005;
(2) Four pilot training sessions using this
training material were held. Participants in the
training sessions included nature reserve
managers and community development project
staff from Guizhou, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia,
Jilin, Heilongjiang and Jiangxi Provinces;
(3) Four field training sites representing
community trust funds, soil erosion control,
village planning, and environmental education
4
projects have implemented their activities well;
(4) Experience
exchanges
on
reserve
management and community development
between Cao Hai and other sites have been
conducted. Ten people, including four farmers,
two teachers, and four reserve staff from Cao Hai
visited Daweishan Nature Reserve and
Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, and one staff attended
a training course in environmental education in
Mongolia organized by the North East Asia Crane
Site Network.
The Cao Hai Project Summary Workshop was
held at Cao Hai from 18-19 March, 2005. The
workshop summarized and evaluated project
activities over the past ten years, especially the
past three years. A workshop proceedings was
compiled by Li Fengshan, Liu Wen and Li Zhenji.
This proceedings, with a total of 22 papers,
includes four parts: introduction to the reserve;
community-based conservation and development
activities at Cao Hai; social, economic and
environmental impact assessments of the Cao Hai
projects; and experiences sharing and exchange.
The workshop participants agreed that the Cao
Hai project has made significant achievements in
social, economic and environmental aspects. This
project has improved farmers?? awareness of
environmental protection and enhanced the roles
of farmers in Cao Hai protection. The project
has further increased farmers?? living standards
relatively. This project has trained a number of
farmers as the leading force in Cao Hai
conservation and development practice.
2. Studies of Waterbirds, Water Levels, and
Aquatic Food Plants as a Basis for
Conservation of Threatened Wetlands at
Poyang Lake
Under support from the Convention for
Conservation of Migratory Animals, the
International Crane Foundation has worked
jointly with Poyang Lake Nature Reserve (PLNR)
to conduct the project, ??Studies of Waterbirds,
Water Levels, and Aquatic Food Plants as a Basis
for Conservation of Threatened Wetlands at
Poyang Lake, China??. Our activities for 2004,
building upon the previous five years of study,
have attempted to: (1) determine the relationship
between cranes and aquatic plants, water levels
and turbidity at Poyang Lake; (2) develop an
approach for data collecting and analysis; and (3)
build capacity for the reserve project staff.
Specifically, vegetation, plant winter buds, water
level and quality, and cranes were sampled
continuously at study lakes in appropriate seasons.
A database for data input, query, and management
was established and entry of data collected from
previous years was initiated. Five project staff
members from PLNR have completed a training
program in reserve management, natural sciences,
and environmental conservation. Mr. James
Burnham, an ICF-sponsored UW-Madison
graduate student, worked with the reserve staff at
Poyang Lake in December 2003 for two weeks.
During 2004 and early 2005, he conducted
intensive field research at Meixi Lake and
Dahuchi Lake on waterbirds and vegetation for
his master degree. Besides conducting field
work, Mr. Burnham worked with the reserve staff
to improve the function of the database. His
research will integrate on-going ecological
monitoring activities with reserve management
planning for the Siberian Crane and Wetland GEF
project.
3. An Environmental Education Process that
Involves Local Communities with Wetland
Reserve Management in China
ICF, in partnership with the Beijing Brooks
Education Center, completed the second year of a
three-year project funded by The Henry Luce
Foundation to develop environmental education
programming for six nature reserves in China and
Russia. The five Chinese sites are all national
level nature reserves of critical importance to
cranes and other migratory waterbirds. The sites
protect key breeding and migratory habitat
(Zhalong, Naoli, and Xianghai Reserves), as well
as wintering habitat (Poyang Lake and Cao Hai
Reserves). The sixth site extends the project to
5
Muraviovka Park, another important crane
breeding and migration area in southeastern
Russia.
The project includes training for reserve staff in
participatory methods, involvement of local
people in identifying education needs, and
collaboration with local teachers in designing
activities and materials. Specifically, at each site
during the three years, we are conducting
summer/winter camps for children from villages
surrounding the protected wetlands, preparing
school curricula for use by teachers in local
schools, and developing strategies for student and
adult conservation action. In 2004 and early
2005, we held three summer camps, two winter
camp, and a training workshop on the school
curriculum for the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve;
we published the Cao Hai and Poyang Lake
school curricula, and have completed
development of the camp curriculum for the
project sites in China.
4. Capacity Building for China Crane and
Waterbirds Specialist Group
There are two components of this project: (1)
the publication of
China Crane News; and (2) the
Small Grants for Crane Research Program.
In 2004, we continued publishing
China Crane
News with four color pages. In addition, a 15
member-editorial committee for the newsletter
was established to strengthen paper contribution
and quality of the articles. In 2004, we
provided one research grants for Wu Heqi from
the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences.
The China Crane and Waterbirds Specialist Group
is working with ICF on other projects. One is to
compile a bibliography of crane research in China.
The bibliography has been compiled by Drs Ma
Zhijun, Zhou Lizhi and Su Liying and includes
more than 1,100 citations. It is expected this
bibliography will be printed at the end of 2005.
Another project is to publish the proceedings,
Crane Research in China. More than 20 papers
have been collected for the proceedings, which
will be published by the Yunnan Nationalities
Publishing House at the end of this year.
5. Development of a Wetlands Site and Flyway
Network for Conservation of the Siberian
Crane and Other Migratory Waterbirds in Asia
The GEF project, ??Development of a Wetland
Site and Flyway Network for Conservation of the
Siberian Crane and Other Migratory Waterbirds
in Asia??, implemented by the United Nations
Environment Programme / Global Environment
Facility (UNEP/GEF) has been running over the
past two years. Activities undertaken in China
have been going relatively well, mainly as the
following:
(1) A flyway survey of cranes and other large
waterbirds has been completed. This survey
covered nine provinces, with a total of about 50
stop-over, breeding and wintering sites.
Forty-eight species of waterbirds were included in
the survey;
(2) A breeding bird survey of cranes and other
large waterbirds in northeastern China has been
completed;
(3) Ground and aerial surveys of cranes and
other large waterbirds in Poyang Lake have been
conducted;
(4) Site management plans for reserve
management, water management and monitoring,
environmental education, and community
participation have been drafted and preliminarily
evaluated;
(5) Eight training sessions have been conducted
for site project staff on wetland management,
environmental education, eco-tourism, community
participation, and computer sciences etc.;
(6) Most equipment, such as binoculars/spotting
scopes, computers, vehicles and cameras needed
for this project has been purchased.
6. Promoting Ecotourism in Tibet through a
Culturally Responsive Conservation Education
Program and Professional Training
6
ICF, in partnership with the Tibet Plateau Institute
of Biology (TPIB) and the World Wild Fund for
Nature China Programme, implemented a
three-pronged program to promote ecotourism
focusing on Black-necked Cranes in central Tibet.
The program combined environmental education
in local schools, professional nature guide
training courses, and guidance in nature reserve
management to develop awareness among local
populations of conservation and economic
opportunities related to the area??s natural
resources.
The following three activities were conducted in
2004:
Conservation Education Program - A school
curriculum was developed for grades 6-9 and was
taught in primary and middle schools within the
Black-necked Crane??s wintering area.
Nature Guide Training Program - A series of
four-day courses were conducted by ICF and
TPIB staff to train local Tibetans in the skills
needed to become trained nature guides. The
courses included small group lectures, discussion,
and outdoor learning at sites where tourists are
interested in visiting cranes and other wildlife.
Nature Reserve Capacity Building Workshop - A
three-day workshop was led by the Director of
the World Wild Fund for Nature China
Programme-Tibet Office. The workshop
focused on topics to help guide the development
of a long-term management plan for the
Black-necked Crane reserve that protects a
network of wintering and breeding sites. The
workshop emphasized the importance of
conservation awareness, including the role of
conservation in ecotourism, wildlife protection
and management, solutions for wildlife and
human conflicts, opportunities for ecotourism,
and policy advice.
7. Coordinated Black-necked Crane Count in
Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces
ICF, in partnership with the Yunnan Forestry
Department, conducted the third annual crane
count in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces in
2003/2004. This was the last winter count of
the three-year project. The surveys included
Black-necked Cranes, Eurasian Cranes,
Bar-headed Geese and Ruddy Shelducks. The
following table summarizes the three surveys.
Number
Winter
Black-necked
Crane
Eurasian
Crane
Bar-headed
Goose
Ruddy
Shelduck
2001/02
3261
801
1759
3442
2002/03
3488
1473
3955
7468
2003/04
3562
1344
4330
14733
In addition to actual counts of the four species in
the field, there are two other important
components of this project - pre-survey training
sessions and post-survey summary workshops.
Almost all survey personnel have participated in
the training and workshops, learning basic avian
taxonomy, morphology and ecology, waterbird
identification, and basic skills in using binoculars
and bird survey methodology. At the
post-survey workshops, participants shared
experiences from the survey, examined key issues
for wetland conservation and crane management,
and discussed future plans and needs for the
observation sites.
The three-year survey has bolstered our
understanding of the Black-necked Crane, and
strengthened communication and exchange among
researchers and sites of the region.
8. Black-necked Crane Migration Study
ICF is partnering with researchers at the Kunming
Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences, the National Bird Banding Center of
China and the Yunnan Forestry Department to
conduct a migration study of the Black-necked
Crane in southwest China. The two-year study,
which was initiated in 2004, combines research on
the migration and ecology of the threatened
Black-necked Crane with environmental
7
education activities geared toward students in
China and the United States to raise awareness of
cranes and their conservation needs.
Through this study, up to ten cranes will be
banded with satellite transmitters. From the
transmitter data, researchers will extrapolate the
birds?? migration routes and important staging,
stop-over, and nesting locations. Researchers will
also conduct an ecological study of the birds,
examining the habitat used by the cranes along
their migration routes and at the breeding areas.
A third important component of the project is an
education activity coordinated by the
Environmental Education Center at Yunnan
Normal University. As the migration data is
collected by researches in China, this information
will be transferred to participating schools in
Yunnan, Beijing and the United States. Combined
with basic information on Black-necked Cranes
and the regions they inhabit, the migration data
will form the basis of ??Flying with Cranes??, an
internet-based activity that is available in both
Chinese and English. Using the satellite data,
participating students and teachers will follow the
cranes as their migration progresses, learning
about the birds and the places they inhabit. In
addition, local educators will also develop a
school curriculum on Black-necked Cranes and
their conservation for schools in Northeast
Yunnan.
9. One Helps One Program
The One Helps One Program was initiated in
1998 at the Cao Hai Nature Reserve to promote
education for young women in rural China.
Through this program, students are paired with a
sponsor, who provides an annual donation to
cover their school costs, including books,
supplies and uniforms. All of the donation goes
directly to the students, who are chosen based on
their above average performance in school and
their family??s economic situation. The local
villages, schools and the Cao Hai Nature Reserve
work together to choose the students for the
program.
Since 1998, twenty-nine students from villages
within the Cao Hai Nature Reserve have received
support through the One Helps One Program. In
2004, nineteen students from six elementary and
middle schools received support, and in 2005 ten
new students will be sponsored through this
valuable program.
Sources of Funding
Funding in 2004 came from the United Nations
Environment Programme/Global Environment
Facility, the Ford Foundation, The Henry Luce
Foundation, the U.S. Department of State, the
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
Species of Wild Animals, the Cracid
Conservation and Breeding Center, Mr. Sam
Evans, the Hamill Family Foundation, income
from an endowment for Black-necked Cranes at
ICF and donations of ICF members.
?γ??????????????????
2005 ???????????????????
?????γ??????????????????λ??
32º34ˊ~34º28ˊN??119??48ˊ~120??56ˊE??????γ?
???????????????????????????????У?
????????????? 582 ㎞???????
45.33??104hm2,???к????? 1.74??104hm2,λ??
33??27ˊ~33??40ˊN,120??26ˊ~120??37ˊE ???
2005 ????? 15~16 ?????????????????
?????????δ??????? 3 ????????? 7 ??????
С?飬????????????ɡ?????????????
???????????????????????ɡ?????????
8
??????顢?????????顢?????????У??
λ????? 17 ??μ???γ??????????????
?????????????????飬????????鵽??????
967 ??????? 1-2?????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? 4 ????
???????о???????????????????? 5 ??
???.
??
1 ?γ?????????????????????
Table 1 Numerical distribution of Red-crowned Cranes at the coast areas in Yancheng
????
County
???
Xiangshui
????
Binhai
????
Sheyang
??????
Core area
???
Dafeng
???
Dongtai
???
Total
????
Individual 31
0
320
533
78
5
967
??
2 ?γ????????????????????????????
Table 2 Numerical distribution of Red-crowned Cranes in different habitats at the coast areas in Yancheng
????????? habitat
?????????Individual
????????? Feeding habitat
?????????Individual
????? Rice field
140
???????? Freshwater aquaculture
236
???? Reed stubble
136
???????? Salt pond
16
??????? Grassy beaches
351
????? Beaches of Saltiving wormwood
17
???????? Intertidal mudflat
37
?????? Beaches of
Spartina
34
??? Total
967
????????????????????????????
???????????? 533 ????????????? 55.1%??
?????λ?????????????????????????
?? 320 ????????????? 33%????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????Χ?????????? 439
?????????? 45.4%,???????????? 236 ?,
????? 140 ?,?????????? 24.5%?? 14.5%??
???е???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
??????????
???????? 967 ????????У????????????
???? 297 ?????????????????????飬???
?????????? 87 ???? 297 ??? 29.29%????
???? 23 ????????????????
????????????????????????????
???????д????????????о???
????ɡ?????????????γ??????????????????
????? 224333??
A brief report on the census of Red-crowned Cranes at Yancheng
National N.R. in January, 2005
Jiangsu Yancheng National N.R. is located at
32º34ˊ??34º28ˊN??119??48ˊ??120??56ˊE, and is
composed of the coast beaches of Xiangshui,
Binhai, Sheyang, Dafeng and Dongtai Counties
(Cities), with 582 ㎞ long coastline. The total
area of the reserve is 45.33??104hm2, with the core
area of 1.74??104hm2 (33??27ˊ~33??40ˊN, 120??
26ˊ~120??37ˊE).
The counting of wintering Red-crowned Cranes
was conducted by the administrative department
of the reserve on 15th ~16th January, 2005. Except
for 967 Red-crowned Cranes, 40 000 more
waterfowls were found outside the core area from
Xinyanggang to Huangshagang, 50 000 more
9
waterfowls were found at the Haibei Reclamation
Area in Dafeng City.
`The census result shows that there were 533
cranes in the core area, accounted for 55.1% of
the total number of the wintering Red-crowned
Cranes, 320 cranes in the beaches along
Huangshagang to Xinyanggang, Sheyang County,
accounted for 33%, but crane amount dropped at
Dafeng. For the habitats, there were 439 cranes at
the core area and the surrounding primary
habitats, then 236 cranes in freshwater
aquaculture area and 140 in rice field, took 45.4%,
24.5% and 14.5% of the total amount respectively.
Although human disturbance was heavy in
freshwater aquaculture area, the rich food
resource still attracted large group of cranes to
feed there in certain period.
Limited in condition, the author only found 87
juveniles born this year among 967 cranes,
accounted for 29.29% of the 967 cranes, there
were 23 cranes belong to the families without
offspring or with one-parent.To know more about
the dynamic distribution of the related population
and the current status of their habitat waits for the
further study.
Lv Shi-Cheng, Deng Jing-Dong (Administrative
Department of Jiangsu Yancheng National Rare
Bird N.R., 224333)
??????????????????????????????
????????????? WWF ????????????
?????????? 2005 ?? 2?? 18~20 ??????????
????????????????????? 3 ???????
?顣?μ???ε?????а??????????????????
?й????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????λ?????
?????????????????????? 8 ????????
???????????·?????Mark Barter??????????
???????顣
??ε??鹲?????????? 39 ?? 47579
???????????????鸲?????????? 90%???
????????????????????????????????????
???????? 20%????ε??????? 6 ?????????
????????????? 1%???????????????
???253 ??????????????206 ?????С???5429
?????????25211 ?????????11233 ???????
?????1178 ??????? 3 ????????????? IUCN
??Σ????????????????????????????????
?????????? 2 ?? 27 ??????·??????????
?????????????????????? · ?????
(Dr.Nikolay D.Poyarkoy)???????й?????????
?????????????????????????????????
——?????
??
1 ????????????????????????????????????
2005 ??
2 ??
18 ??
-20 ???
Table 1 Statistical table of waterfowls at Shengjin Lake N.R. (18th ~20th February, 2005)
???
?????? Chinese name
??? Scientific name
???? number
1
2
3
4
С䴘鸊
???䴘鸊
??????
????
Little Grebe
Great-crested Grebe
Great Cormorant
Grey Heron
37
21
330
684
5
?????
Great Egret
308
6
С????
Little Egret
78
7
????????
Oriental White Stork
206
8
??????
White Spoonbill
1178
9
С???
Tundra Swan
5429
10
????
Swan Goose
24211
11
????
Bean Goose
11233
10
12
?????
White-fronted Goose
7
13
?????
Bar-headed Goose
1
14
?????
Ruddy Shelduck
176
15
???
Eurasian Wigeon
53
16
?????
Falcated Duck
69
17
????
Green-winged Teal
638
18
????
Mallard
78
19
?????
Spot-billed Duck
222
20
??β?
Northern Pintail
98
21
?????
Common Pochard
8
22
???????
Smew
115
23
?????
Common Moorhen
5
24
?????
Hooded Crane
253
25
?????
Common Coot
216
26
??????
Pied Avocet
297
27
?????
Northern Lapwing
165
28
???鸻
Little Ringed Plover
2
29
????鸻
Kentish Plover
214
30
??β??
Common Snipe
7
31
???????
Eurasian Curlew
2
32
????
Spotted Redshank
119
33
?????
Common Redshank
2
34
?????
Common Greenshank
14
35
????????
Green Sandpiper
2
36
???
Common Sandpiper
1
37
???????
Dunlin
302
38
???
Herring Gull
7
39
?????
Black-headed Gull
151
δ??????
UID Duck
640
???
Total
47579
????? ????? ???????????????????????????????
Survey on the wintering waterfowls at Shengjin Lake N.R., Anhui
To implement the cooperative program of State
Forestry Administration and the ICF, Anhui
investigation team surveyed the wintering
waterfowls at Shengjin lake N.R. on 18th ~20th
February, 2005. The team is composed of 8
experts from the Administrative Station on
Conservation, Anhui, China sciences and
technology University, Anhui Shengjin Lake
National N.R., Anqing Riverine Wetland N.R.
and some volunteers and assistants. Mr. Mark
Barter a bird expert of Australia joined the survey
all the way.
This survey covered 90% of the whole area, 47
579 wintering waterfowls (belonging to 39
species) were found, comparing with last year,
the survey area increased 20%, and 10 000 more
birds were found. There were 253 Hooded Cranes,
206 Oriental White Storks, 5 429 Tundra Swans,
25 211 Swan Geese, 11 233 Bean Geese and 1
178 White Spoonbills, those all qualified the
numerical criteria of the 1% population of
international important wetland. Hooded Crane,
11
Oriental White Stork and Swan Goose qualified
the numerical criteria of the IUCN Category. On
27th February, Mr. Mark Barter, Dr. Nikolay
D.Poyarkoy (President of Russian Swan Goose
Specialist Group) and Dr. Cao Lei (China
Sciences and Technology University) found a
new record of species at the reserve—Bar-headed
Goose.
Xu Wen-Bin, Cheng Yan-Qi (Administrative
Bureau, Anhui Shengjin Lake National N.R.)
??????????????????
2004 ???＾???????
?????????????????????????λ???
???????о???????β????????? 15.3 ??
????????????????????????????????
Σ?????????????????????????????????
???????,?????????????????????
??·???к???????????Ъ??.???й???9??
??????,??????????? 5 ??,???????????
???????????????????
10 ??????? 11 ?????????????????
?????2004 ?????????????????????????
??????????鷽????????????????????
???????????飬???????????
1????????????????????Ъ???????
??????????????????????????? 10 ?? 7
??????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? 10 ???????
11 ?????????????????????????????
?塣11 ???????????????????????
?????????????????????????
2??????????????????????Ъ??
???????????2003 ???????? 5 ??????
????????Ч????????????????????????
???????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
2004 ???????????????????з??????
?????????????????????
3??2004 ?????????????????????
?????????????????????? 90 ??????
?? 60 ???????? 550 ?????? 90 ?????Щ??
?????????????????????з????????
???????????????????????? 14 ??????
9 ???????? 15 ???????????????????
??????????????Ｐ????????У????????
?????????????????????????????????? 120
??????
4??????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
120 ??????? 21 ???
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
???????Ч????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
???????????????滷????
?????????????????????п?????
???????????????????????????????????
? 257509??
Crane information from Huanghe Delta N.R. in Autumn of 2004
Shandong Huanghe Delta National N.R. is
located in Dongying City, with an area of 153
000ha, mainly protects the newly emerging
wetland ecosystem, and endangered, rare and
precious birds. Large area of wetland and
plentiful food resources makes the reserve to be a
site important for migratory cranes in East Asia
to stopover.Among the 9 species cranes recorded
in China, 5 species (Siberian, Hooded,
White-naped, Red-crowned and Common Cranes)
were found here.
Transect survey was conduct on migratory birds
in the reserve from mid October to mid
November, 2004, the results showed that:
12
1. Cranes moved up their migratory time and
lengthened their stopover duration. On 7th
October 4 Red-crowned Crane were found, it is
the earliest arrival date of Red-crowned Crane
recorded in the reserve. Crane species and
number reached to summit during late October to
early November. Most cranes departed in mid
November, some Common Cranes and
Red-crowned Cranes wintered here.
2. The recovery area of artificial wetland
provided a new stopover site for migratory cranes.
50 000Mu of recovery area of artificial wetland
was made by storing fresh water in 2003.
Siberian, Hooded, White-naped and Red-crowned
Cranes were found in the new habitat during the
survey.
3. Many species and large amount of cranes were
found . 90 Red-crowned Cranes, 60 Hooded
Cranes, 550 White-naped Cranes and 90 Siberian
Cranes were recorded during the survey, most of
them concentrated at the recovery area. In
addition, 14 Red-crowned Cranes, 9 Siberian
Cranes and 15 White-naped Cranes were found at
inshore beaches, they scattered in families.
Farmland and tussocks were the habitats of
Common Cranes, 120 Common Cranes were
found, their number was less than those in former
years as the result of the adjusting of habitat in
the reserve.
4. Habitat selection of cranes has changed
remarkably. Cranes concentrated at the recovery
area of artificial wetland in 2004, rather than
concentrated at the estuary of Huanghe River and
inshore beaches in former years. In addition,
there were 120 Oriental White Storks and 12
Black Storks also found at the recovery area.
The strengthening of protection to reduce human
disturbance, and the implementation of ecological
recovery project of wetland to enlarge the area of
wetland and improve ecological environment,
both result in the increasing of Crane species and
crane number as well as of other birds.
Wang Li-Dong, Yang Chun-Rong
(Dawenliu Administrative Station, Huanghe Delta
national N.R., Kenli County, Dongying City,
Shandong, 257509)
???????????????????
???????λ??????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
???? 4 ????У??????????????????
60km???????? 5-10km???????? 6 ?? hm2??20
???? 60 ????????????????????????
???仺????????????????????????????????
?????????? 250km2??????????????????
???????????????? 866.7km2?????????
???????????? 330-335m??????????????
??????? 6 ???????????μ?????????
????????μ???????????????????????
?????????д???????????????????
???????????????????????????е?
?????????????????????????????γ? 7
????????????? 7.3 ?? m3?????????????
??????????????????Χ?????γ??????
????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????
?? 1998 ??????????????????????
???????????????????GPS ??λ???????
?????????????????
Grus grus ?????
??
G. japonensis ???????????????????
??????????????????????????????? 1??
??
1 ????????????????????????
Table 1 Cranes found in the wetland of the middle valleys of Huanghe River, Shaanxi
13
????
Species
???
Date
???
Location
????
Number
????????
Geographic coordinates
????
Habitat
???
Notes
1999-1-18
???????
Qiachuan,Hechuan
? 80
about 80
N35??09, E110??20
??
beaches
????????1999??
Ding Chang-Qing,
et al.
2002-12-29
???????
Qiachuan,Hechuan
14
N35??09.26,E110??21.16
????
dry land
???(3 ??????)
feeding
(3 sub-adults)
2002-12-29
???????
Qiachuan,Hechuan
50
N35??06.37,E110??17.91
????
in the air
????????
flew southwards
along Yellow River
2002-12-30
?????
Huayuan, Dali
9
N34??50.13,E110??10.98
???
farmland
??????
feeding in group
2003-01-20
???????
Zhaodu, Dali
171
N34??45.76,E110??13.90
?????
islet
??????
gathered in the
evening
2003-02-14
???????
Zhaodu, Dali
7
-
????
in the air
????????
flying and soaring
2003-03-07
???????
Taili, Heyang
18
N35??10.95,E110??20.13
????
in the air
??????
flew northwards
2003-03-09
???????
Zhaodu, Dali
70
N34??45.43,E110??13.91
?????
islet
???
feeding
2003-03-10
????????
Yulin, Dali
15
N34??38.83,E110??12.39
???
farmland
???
feeding
???
Common
Crane
2004-11-20
??????
Shendong, Heyang
21
N35??05.61,E110??17.49
???? in
the air
??????????
flew westwards
and eastwards
??????
Red-crowned
Crane
1998-01-18
??????
Shendong, Heyang
1
N35??05.61,E110??17.49
????
marshland
??????????
feeding mixed with
Black Storks
????????????????????к??????
???й????????????в?????????????????
???????????????????????????????? 1
??????? 12 ????????? 3 ???????????????
?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????
??????????????????????????????
??????????????γ??????20 ???? 90 ??
?????????????????????????磨35??20??
N??114??10??E??????????????????? 2000????
?????????????????????????????????
???????? 2 ????? 3 ?????????????????
???????????? 1998????????????2000????
?????????????????????·?????????
???? 1998 ?? 1 ????? 1??????????? 1 ?????
????????????????????????????????
δ????????????????????????????????
??????
????? ????????????о??? ???710032??
Cranes in the wetland of the middle valley of Huanghe River , Shaanxi
The survey was conducted at the Sanhe Wetland
N.R., the eastern Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi
Province, including the beaches of Huanghe
River within Heyang County, Dali County,
Huaying County and Tongguan City, with a total
area of 60 000 hm2(60 km long from north to
south and 5-10km wide from west to east). The
set up of Sanmenxia Reservoir in the 1960s held
250 km2 of water area in Shaanxi, Shanxi and
Henan provinces. There are more than one
hundred sands and sandy islets in the reservoir
region, in the side of Shaanxi alone held
866.7km2 areas of beaches. In the reserve there
are 6 rivers influrenting into Huanghe River and
Weihe River, in flood season The water of
Huanghe River flows backwards into Weihe
14
River and Luohe River and enlarges the area of
the reserve. The reserve is wide and plane,
extends along Huanghe River from north to south
takes a shape of a long belt, and with the altitude
of 330~335m. There are large areas of reed
marshland, grassy marshland??fish ponds, lotus
ponds and farmland in the reserve. Moreover, the
wetland in Heyang County is rich in the resource
of underground hot water and formed 7 hot
springs, their daily production of hot water
reaches 73 000m3, the unfrozen water attracts
many waterfowls to feed here in winter. Being
rich in plant diversity, rich in underground hot
water, rich in aquatic organisms and large open
beaches, the reserve provides waterfowls with
suitable feeding and hiding habitat, and results in
a high diversity of waterfowls and continuing
migration.
Since 1998, with the help of automobile,
binoculars and monocular, and the GPS, the
author surveyed the migratory and wintering
cranes
--Grus grus and
G. japonensis in the
reserve. Table 1 shows the survey result.
Common Crane breeds in north Eurasia and the
shoal of the Mediterranean, scatters in Xinjiang
and Northeast China, and winters in the middle
and lower valleys of Changjiang River. Table 1
shows that the wetland of the middle valley of
Huanghe River, Shaanxi is the ideal wintering
site for Common Crane, especially during the end
of December to next March.Thecranes feed in the
beaches and farmland at day time, and roast at
sandbars of the river.
Red-crowned Crane breeds in Inner Mongolia
and Heilongjiang Province, migrates along the
coastline to winter at Yancheng, Jiangsu. The
appearance of Red-crowned Crane at Pangzhai
Town??35??20??N,114??10??E??,Weihui City in the
old course of Huanghe River were oddly reported
in 1990s (Wang Qi-Shan
et al. 2000 ). There are
some reports on Red-crowned Cranes wintering
at the reserve, such as, the cranes were found
there from early February to the first ten-day
period of March (Wu Jia-Yan
et al.,1998), the
wetland in the middle valley of Huanghe River is
not involved in the flyway of the cranes (Ding
Chang-Qing
et al., 2000). Among a group feeding
Black Storks the author had found a Red-crowned
Crane at the reserve in January, 1998, but the
cranes never appeared ever since. Hence
red-crowned Crane is more likely to be the lost
bird in the area.
Yu Xiao-Ping (Shaanxi Zoological Institute,
710032)
2004 ????
2005 ??????????????????
2004 ???? 2005 ???????????????????
?θ?????????????????????????????????
??????鹤??????????е????ε?????????
?????????ε????????? 2005 ?? 2 ?? 1 ???? 3
????е???????????????? 2005 ?? 2 ??
15 ???? 24 ????????????????????????
??????顣
1?????????
???鷶Χ???????????????????????????
????????????????????????? eTrex
Legend C ?? GPS ????к??????м???????
?????η??й????? 3 ? 1??? 2??????????
???????????????ó??????????? 1??
???ú?????е????????????е???????
?????????????????淴??????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
?????????辭??ó?????????????????
15
??
1 2 ??
1 ???
2 ????????
Table 1 The result of aerial surveys conducted on the 1st and 2nd February
??????
??
??????
???????
?????
??????
???????
??????
????????
??????
??
??????
??????
????????
?????
???????
??????
????
The others
???
Total
???
Siberian Crane
0
280
10
173
2419
218
31
3131
????? Hooded Crane
0
0
83
0
10
40
0
133
????? White-naped Crane
0
12
0
15
1345
130
66
1568
??? Common Crane
17
339
1595
0
426
257
72
2706
????????
Oriental White Stork
1
701
4
0
106
21
425
1258
????
Black Stork
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
4
??????
White Spoonbill
90
110
150
0
1118
2
150
1620
С???
Tundra Swan
5748
5826
20923
8160
13088
2165
1764
57674
?????
White-fronted Goose
12021
1250
600
0
5330
0
0
19201
????
Swan Goose
11400
8006
11000
1600
17310
6748
2865
58929
????
Bean Goose
1500
17
0
0
80
0
0
1597
????
Greylag Goose
0
0
10
0
8
2
0
20
????
geese
1110
285
6650
1900
5671
3139
1110
19865
??β?
Northern Pintail
9000
700
1100
0
330
0
0
11130
????
Green-winged Teal
1000
0
0
0
4000
0
0
5000
???
Eurasian Wigeon
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
600
??
Common Pochard
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
19
????
Mallard
0
0
0
650
1200
0
0
1850
?????
Ruddy Shelduck
0
0
0
20
80
0
2
102
?????
Spot-billed Duck
0
0
0
0
400
0
0
400
???????
Common Mergarser
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
??? ducks
4000
14890
10814
2807
36363
3820
1523
74217
??????? Dunlin
15000
3000
0
0
0
200
0
18200
??????
Pied Avocet
1000
0
0
5000
6400
0
400
12800
?????
Northern Lapwing
0
0
0
40
60
200
34
334
????
Spotted Redshank
0
12
400
0
0
0
230
642
???? plovers
220
2300
4543
5000
8050
1200
600
21913
???
Herring Gull
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
????
Common Black-headed Gull
633
1
1781
670
127
0
259
3471
????
Grey Heron
97
408
45
31
84
32
95
792
????
Little Egret
22
1
759
0
50
16
151
999
?а???
Intermediate Egret
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
?????
Eastern Great Egret
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
??????
Great Cormorant
0
170
0
8
0
0
659
837
Total
62884
38308
60468
26074
104664
18191
10455
321044
Note: ?? Jinxian County ?? Kangshanhu Migratory Bird N.R., Yugan County ?? Baishazhou N.R., Jiangxi Province
?? Duchang County ?? Poyang Lake National N.R. ?? Nanjishan N.R.
?????????????????????????е??飬?
?????????????????????????????????
??С???????????е???????????????????
?????????????С??????????????????
???????????????????Χ???????????
??????????????н???????????????????
16
2???????????ε?????????????
???ε??????????????Χ???????????
????? 95%???Χ????? 10 ??????????
???? 2???????????????????????飬????
????????????????????????????????
?δ???д????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
???????????????й???????????????
????????
??
2 ????????????????????????????????????????????
Table 2 Result of the waterfowl survey conducted in 5 provinces and one city in middle and lower valleys of
Changjiang River
????
No
??????
Chinese name
?????
English name
????
Number
1
С䴘鸊
Little Grebe
1677
2
??䴘鸊
Red-necked Grebe
5
3
???䴘鸊
Great-crested Grebe
957
4
??䴘鸊
Slavonian Grebe
6
5
????????
Dalmatian Pelican
1
6
??????
Great Cormorant
1574
7
????
Grey Heron
1356
8
?????
Eastern Great Egret
64
9
?а???
Intermediate Egret
9
10
?????
Cattle Egret
3
11
????
Chinese Pond-Heron
1
12
С????
Little Egret
90
13
????鳽
Eurasian Bittern
2
14
???鳽
Black Bittern
2
15
????
Black Stork
33
16
????????
Oriental White Stork
602
17
??????
White Spoonbill
2051
18
С???
Tundra Swan
42843
19
????
Swan Goose
22313
20
????
Bean Goose
16340
21
?????
White-fronted Goose
15602
22
????
Greylag Goose
945
23
?????
Ruddy Shelduck
316
24
??????
Common Shelduck
4
25
???
Eurasian Wigeon
4675
26
?????
Falcated Duck
55
27
????
Gadwall
106
28
????
Green-winged Teal
20076
29
????
Mallard
8224
30
?????
Spot-billed Duck
17512
31
??β?
Northern Pintail
8042
32
?????
Northern Shoveler
85
17
33
?????
Common Pochard
25
34
????????
Red-breasted Merganser
1
35
???????
Common Mergarser
277
36
???
Siberian Crane
2683
37
?????
White-naped Crane
1491
38
???
Common Crane
935
39
?????
Hooded Crane
390
40
???Ｆ
Swinhoe's Rail
2
41
????????
Brown Crake
13
42
????????
White-breasted Waterhen
1
43
?????
Common Moorhen
242
44
?????
Common Coot
2
45
???????
Black-winged Stilt
4
46
??????
Pied Avocet
9448
47
?????
Northern Lapwing
3071
48
?????
Grey-headed Lapwing
16
49
????鸻
Long-billed Ringed Plover
5
50
???鸻
Little Ringed Plover
13
51
????鸻
Kentish Plover
12
52
??β??
Common Snipe
97
53
??β????
Black-tailed Godwit
2000
54
???????
Eurasian Curlew
18
55
????
Spotted Redshank
7280
56
?????
Common Greenshank
175
57
????????
Green Sandpiper
29
58
???
Common Sandpiper
2
59
???????
Dunlin
15556
60
???
Herring Gull
300
61
????
Slaty-backed Gull
1
62
?????
Common Black-headed Gull
1395
63
???????(?????)
Far Eastern Curlew
9
64
??????
Ferruginous Duck
6
δ???????
UID Geese
3536
δ??????
UID Duck
10498
δ???鸻????
UID Shorebirds
334
δ??????
UID Crane
60
???? Total
225498
????? ????(??????????????????????????? 0791-3857168 )
Information on wintering waterfowls at Poyang Lake in 2004/2005
Population size and distribution of wintering
waterfowls were surveyed all over the region of
Poyang Lake in 2004/2005. First, an aerial survey
around the lake was conducted on 1st to 3rd
18
February, 2005, then a synchronic waterfowl
counting in the 5 provinces and one city in the
area of middle and lower valleys of Changjiang
River was conducted from 15th to 24th February,
2005.
1. The aerial survey
The survey area covers Poyang Lake (including
Junshan Lake and Qingnan Lake), the waters and
grassy islets of Saihu Lake and Chihu Lake in
Jiujiang. The track was recorded by the eTrex
Legend C of GPS ( see fig.1 and fig.2 in the
inside back cover ). By combining the ground
observation and aerial map to work out table 1, it
shows the result of the first survey.
Because that: The
??
airplane flies in such a quick
speed that the surveyors hardly to count the
waterfowls in detail within a short time,
especially in facing large group of birds. It is
??
difficult to find middle- sized and small-sized
birds in grassy islets from the airplane. The
??
track of airplane is not capable cover all the area.
Although the aerial survey has the advantage of
doing the survey more quickly and more
completely, and needs less manpower than
ground survey, but it may get less in species
number and population size than it really be.
2. The survey in middle and lower valleys of
Changjiang River
This survey covers nearly 95% area of the
Poyang Lake region, the survey results showed in
table 2. Although this survey only conducted by
two survey groups and lasted 10days, there once
happened that large flocks of birds appeared at
some locations after the survey, it resulted in the
surveyed data some what lower, but it is
important in gathering the distribution
information of waterfowls.
Ji Wei-Tao Wu Jian-Dong (Administrative
Bureau, Jiangxi Poyang Lake National N.R.)
???????????????????????????????????????????
2004 ?? 10 ??????? 2005 ?? 3 ????п??
???????????????鲩??о???????????????
??????????????????????????????????
???????????????о?????????????
????????????У??????????????????
???????? 24 ???????????????????????
???????????????????????????
??1????????????????????????????
?????????????????? 24 ??????У???????
?????????????????????????? 5 ????
????????????????????????????
???????????????? 19 ?????????·??
???????????? 1~10 ??????????????
?? 12 ?????????????????????????
???????1???2????????????????????
??2?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????в???
???????????????????????????·?????
????????????? 1~10 ??????
???????????С?? 1 ???????????
??????????????Χ?????Щ???????????
?е????????????????????????Щ??????
??鳡????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
?????????Щ??????????????
???????????????????????????
????
2004 ??????????????????????????
?????????????????λ??????????????
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????β?????????
??Χ???????????????????????Ч??????
???????????????????????????????
????????????????б????
19
??
1 ????????????????
Table 1 List of waterfowls at Dahaizi Wetland
?????? Chinese name
?????? Scientific name
????? English name
?????
???
?????
????
?????
???????
?????
Grus nigricollis
Grus grus
Vanellus vanellus
Tringa stagnatills
Fulica atra
Numenius arquata
Tringa totanus
Black-necked Crane
Common Crane
Northern Lapwing
Marsh Sandpiper
Common Coot
Eurasian Curlew
Common Redshank
????????
????
?а???
?????
???
???䴙䴘
С䴙䴘
?????
????
????
?????
?????
??β?
???????
?????
?????
?????
Tringa ochropus
Ardea cinerea
Egretta intermedia
Larus ridibundus
Larus ichthyaetus
Podiceps cristatus
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Tadorna ferruginea
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas crecca
Anas poecilorhyncha
Anas falcate
Anas acuta
Mergus merganser
Anser indicus
Aythya fuligula
Aythya ferina
Green Sandpiper
Grey Heron
Intermediate Egret
Black-headed Gull
Great Black-headed Gull
Great Crested Greb
Little Grebe
Ruddy Shelduck
Mallard
Green-winged Teal
Spot-billed Duck
Falcated Duck
Northern Pintail
Common Merganser
Bar-headed Goose
Tufted Duck
Common Pochard
???????????????????о???????? 650223??
List of wintering and staging waterfowls at Dahaizi wetland,
Dashanbao N.R.
Twenty-four species of waterfowls were
recorded at Dahaizi Wetland by the author from
late October, 2004 to March, 2005. The
characters of these waterfowls are:
(1) Most of the waterfowls are transient
species. Black-necked Crane, Ruddy Sheld Duck,
Mallard, Common Merganser and Common
Crane wintered or roosted at the wetland all the
winter, the rest 19 species of waterfowls staged
here for 1~10 weeks. The waterfowls reached to
maximum in early December and decreased
rapidly ever since, a few species stayed here
during January and February.
(2) Each population size was quite small
here except for Black-necked Crane whose
population size continued keeping large. There
were quite a lot Mallards and Common Teals here
in early wintering period, in middle wintering
period Common Teals and most Mallards left the
wetland.
With an area less than 1 km2 , except for
some swamp vegetation grew around the lake
there was no waterweeds grew in the lake, and
except for some Topmouth Gudgeon
(
Pseudorasbora parva) and Yellowcheck
Carp(
Elopichthys bambusa) there were few
species to be animalized food in the lake, those
resulted in food shortage, and there were less
species and less amount of waterfowls to winter
there. During the middle wintering period the
20
worsen nature condition and food shortage made
Common Teals and Spot-billed Ducks moved to
other sites, some diving ducks such as, Tufted
Ducks and Common Pochards moved to more
large watery to feed.
As a result of wetland recovery project in
summer of 2004, the water level and water area
improved remarkably in that winter, it attracted
more waterfowls to winter and stopover. The
appearance of White-tailed Sea Eagle at the
periphery of the wetland means the achievement
of the wetland recovery, it is necessary to make a
long-term monitor on waterfowls at the wetland
and the reserve and to evaluate the recovery of
the wetland.
Wu He-Qi (Yunnan Kunming Zoological Institute,
Academia Sinica, 650223 )
??????????????????????????????
2005 ?? 2 ?? 26 ?????? 13 ? 30 ??????
?á????????????????? 2 ???????????????
???????????????????????С?????????
??????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
???
2005 ?? 2 ?? 26 ?????磬????????????
????й?????????????????п????????
???о???.??????????????????????????
??????55981 ?? 55983 ?? 2 ?????????????
?????? 2 ???? ??????? 1 ???? 2 ??
????????3 ???????? 2005 ?? 2 ?? 20 ?? 13??
35 ?????????????????????????
???? 3 ?? 1 ?? 14??00 ???? 55982 ?????????
??????????????????????ɡ?
2005 ?? 4 ?? 4 ?????磬??????? 1 ?????
???????????? 1 ??????????????????
????????????????????????????????
??á??????????????????????3 ?????? 4
?????????????????????????5 ????????
??????????????????????????6 ???????
??????????????????????????????????
??????3 ?????????????????????????
???????У?????????????
????????????????У???????????
????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????????
?????????????????????????
?????????????????? 657000??
The first project of Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane in China
made a stage achievement
Two Black-necked Cranes were mounted with
??satellite signer transmitter?? and released into the
field at Xiaohaiba and Changhuikou of
Dashanbao National N.R. respectively at 13:30
on 26th February, 2005. It remarks the initiation
of the project of satellite tracing Black-necked
Crane in China.
In the morning of 26th February, 2005, Dr. Li
Feng-Shan the officer of the ICF in charge of
China program and Prof. Yang Xiao-Jun of
Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences as well as the staff of the
reserve mounted two satellite transmitters
No.55981 and No.55983 onto the back of No.1
and No.2 crane respectively. Afterwards, No.3
crane was mounted with No.55982 transmitter at
14:00 on 1st March and released at Dahaizi.
At noon of 4th April, 2005, No.3 crane which
has a green ring in left leg and a yellow ring in
right leg departed the reserve and migrated to its
21
breeding site. The data from satellite showed:
No.3 crane arrived at Meigu County, Liangshan
Prefecture, Sichuan in the evening of 4th and left
there in the morning of 5th ; arrived at Lixian
County, Aba Prefecture Sichuan in the evening of
5th; and arrived at Nuoergai National N.R., Aba
Prefecture Sichuan on 6th. Whether this crane will
breed at Nuoergai or keep on migration, it waits
for further tracing.
The successful migration of No.3 crane and
receiving data from satellite remarks ??The first
project of Satellite tracing Black-necked Crane in
China?? makes a stage achievement.
Dao Mei-Biao (Administrative Bureau, Yunnan
Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National N.R.,
657000)
??????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????2005??2~3?·???
?????????е???????????????????????
???????????? 1 ???й?????????????
????????
???????
Color band combination
?????????
No of metal band
????
Weight
(kg)
?峤
Length
(cm)
??
Wing
(cm)
??蟅
Tarsus
(cm)
??
Bill
(cm)
β
Tail
(cm)
??????
Date of
release
????
Left leg
????
Right leg
??????
??????
??????
??
PTT
No
m01-0528
7.5
119
70
23
13
39
2005.2.26
??/??/??
Red/Green/Yellow
55981
n01-3318
5.5
117
68
24
12
36
2005.2.26
??/??
Green/Green
55983
n00 6570
6.5
122
66
26
12
27
2005.3.1
?? Green
?? Yellow
55982
n00 6569
5.5
111
62
25
22
2005.3.1
?? Yellow
??
Green
55984
m01-0523
6.3
119
65
26
24
2005.2.28
?? Green
??
Green
???? (???????????
Banding information of Black-necked Cranes at Dashanbao, Yunnan
The ICF, National Bird Banding Center of China,
Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Forestry
Department and Dashanbao National N.R. have
jointly banded Black-necked Cranes at
Dashanbao National N.R., Zhaotong City, Yunnan
in February and March, 2005.
Table 1 shows the information of the banded
cranes:
LI Feng-Shan (The ICF)
22
??????????????????????
2005 ?? 3 ?? 21 ????п???????????о?
??????о???????????????????????
?о??????????????? 12 ???????????????
???? 4 ?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
???к???????????????????δ??????
???????????? 2 ???????????? 108 ????
?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
2003 ?? 3 ?? 15 ?????? 5 ????????е? 2
?????????????????????????? 2004
?? 12 ?? 24 ???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
?????????????????????á?
?????????????????????? 108 ?
??????????У???????????????????
??????????????????????????
?????????????????У?????????
???????????????3 ?? 25 ??????? 26 ??
????????????У?????????????????
?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
Ъ??????????????????????????
????????????????????Ъ?????????
??????????????????????????????в?
????????????????????
????? ???????????????о?????
??? 650223??
Black-necked Crane banded at Caohai were found at Dashanbao
When in looking for the 4 Black-necked
Cranes mounted with satellite transmitter, one
color banded Black-necked Crane was found by
doctorate student Wu He-Qi, Kunming Institute
of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
and master student Gao Li-Bo, National Bird
Banding Center of China (NBCC) at Dahaizi
Wetland on 21st
March, 2005. there were
red/yellow rings in its right leg. The other two
banded cranes were found at about 14:00, one
crane had green/red rings in its right leg and one
metal ring in its left leg; another crane had
green/yellow ring in its right leg.
These cranes were confirmed came from
Guizhou Caohai National N.R. by NBCC and Dr.
Li Feng-Shan of the ICF. The cranes with
green/red and green/yellow rings were banded on
15th March, 2003. The crane with red/yellow
rings was banded on 24th December, 2003, and
was sick, but was healthy and moved around with
its spouse when rediscovered.
These cranes were found among a group of
cranes (with 108 individuals), the cranes of the
group with more dark blue tint rather than white
tint in the crane of Dashanbao or black tint in the
crane of Huize. The group of cranes was inferred
the stopover crane migrated from Caohai, the
cranes were very sensitive to disturbance. One
more Black-necked Crane with red/green rings in
right leg was found among a group of cranes in
the morning of 25th
March. The fact that
Dashanbao reserve admitted Black-necked
Cranes from Caohai and Huize shows that the
reserve probably is the stopover site for the east
population of Black-necked Cranes on the flyway
of northwards migration.
Wu He-Qi (Kunming Institute of Zoology of
Chinese Academy of sciences, 650223)
23
???β????????????????
2005 ?? 3 ?? 28 ?? 17 ????????????????
·?? 12 ??????С?????????Ф??????????
????У????·?幫???????????????????
?????????????????????????????漴??
??????????????????????????????о?
?Ρ?????飬??????????δ??????????
????????????????????????????????䶮??
????????????????????????????????ù
???????? C ???????????????????????
???????????????ι?????? 2005 ?? 4 ?? 5
??ú?????????????????????鼰??????
?????????????? 1 ????????????N??
006566????1 ????????????????? 1 ???????
?????? 5 ?? 13 ????????????????????
??ɡ?
???????????ú??????????????
???????????У?????????á?
????????????????????????????
??????????????? 657000??
A recover Black-necked Crane returns to the nature
A sick Black-necked Crane was found at
Chelu Village, Dashanbao N.R. by two primary
school pupils at 17:00 on 28th March, 2005. It
was sent to Dahaizi Administrative Station.
Health check showed that it was a sub-adult and
suffered from dysentery and had a high fever. By
treating with gentamycin, vitamin C, peroral
glucose, and alternatively fed grubs, oats, corns
and vegetables the crane was totally recovered at
5th April, 2005. The crane was then released into
Dahaizi Wetland at 13:00 the same day. Before
releasing, its left leg was banded with a copper
ring (N-006566) and a red plastic ring, the right
leg was banded with a yellow plastic ring.
Tow days monitoring showed that the crane
had joined in a crane flock and behaved well.
Dao Mei-Biao (Administrative Bureau,
Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National
N.R., 657000)
?????????????о???
??????棨????
????????о????????????? 5-6 ????????
????????????????????????????????
??? 9-14 ???2002 ?? 4 ???????????????
??????????????? 4 ???????2002 ?? 6 ??
??????????????????????????????
??????????????2003 ?? 6 ?????????????
????????????????????????????????
2004 ?? 5-6 ???????????????????????
??é?????????????????????????
????????????
2004 ??????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?? 3 ????????????????????????????
??????????????? 4 ???????????????
???????????????????? 2 ?????????
??????????????????????????δ?????
????????????????? 7 ?????????????
2 ??????????????δ?????????????????
???? 4 ???????????é??????? 1 ????
?????????????????????? 1 ?????????
????????????????????????????????
?????? 1-2 ????????????????????????
24
??????????????????????????д????
?????????? 4-5 ???????????????????
????????? 14 ???
????????????С??????????????????
?????а???? 9-14 ???????????????????
?а???? 28-30 ??????????????????а?
??? 2-4 ???????????????а???? 4 ?????
????С??????а???? 43-52 ???
?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????ε???????
?????
????????? 1976 ????????й???????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
????????鷢???????????????????????
??,????????????Щ?ε????????塣
?? ?? (???????????????о???)
Research on the distribution of breeding Hooded Cranes
—A summary of the Small Grant for Crane Research Program of 2002
??
Abstract??
This research indicated that, 9~14 Hooded Cranes
appeared in Shangganling Forest Bureau, Yichun
and Youhao Forest Bureaus during May and June
in recent years. And 4 Hooded Cranes were found
at Zhangjiawan Forest Farm, Suiling Forest
Bureau in April, 2002. An old nest (the check has
left) was found in Beizhanhe Forest Farm,
Zhanhe Forest Bureau in June, 2002. One nest in
hatching was found at Beizhanhe Forest Farm,
Zhanhe Forest Bureau in June, 2003. Total 3
breeding nests were found at Beizhanhe,
Wusimeng and Maolan Forest Farms of Zhanhe
Forest Bureau during May to June, 2004.
To sum up, in breeding season there were
9~14 Hooded Cranes in Yichun Prefecture in
Xiaoxing??an Mountain range; 28 ~30 cranes in
the original operation area, Zhanhe Forest Bureau;
2~ 4 cranes in the original operation area,
Tongbei Forest Bureau; 4 cranes in original
operation area, Suileng Forest Bureau. Totally,
there were 43~52 Hooded Cranes in Xiaoxing??an
Mountain range.
Moreover, several to dozens of Hooded
Crane may found at Huihe River N.R. and
Hulieyetu of Hailar, Inner Mongolia in summer,
they might be the summer wanders or migratory
flock.
According to the record in ??The Distribution List
of Chinese Birds?? (1976) by Prof. Zheng
Zuo-Xin, the breeding sites of Hooded Crane
have been in the valleys of Wushuli River and
Heilongjiang River, and might have been in
Hailar. Our survey shows that the
above-mentioned breeding sites are no more, only
some wanders and migrants stayed there in
summer.
Li Lin (Heilongjiang Wildlife Institute)
???????????????????????????????о???
??????棨????
???????????????????????????
???2001 ????????η????????????????
??????????????????2002-2003??????
??????????????????????????????о???
????????????????????????
25
??
1 2002-2003 ????????????????
Table 1 Census on Siberian Cranes at the Delta of Huanghe River in 2002~2003
???
Date
????
Number
???
Location
????
Habitat
??????
Main vegetation
29/10??2002
20(3 ?????,
3 subadults)
????????? 29 ???????????
The 29th Team of Reclamation,
Dawenliu, Huanghe River estuary
???????????????г?????С???
???
Estuary and inshore beaches with tidal
ditch and small area of watery
????䴙??
Common
Seepweeds,Reed
30/10??2002
24 (5 С?, 5
mall groups??
?????????????
Dawenliu in the new course of Huanghe
River
?????????????
Reed marshes along the banks of
Huanghe River
??
Reed
30/10??2002
2
451 ????,
South to the 451Well
?䴘?䴘?????
Swamp of Common
Seepweeds
????䴙????
Common
Seepweeds,
Chinese
Tamarisk
08/11??2002
2
?????? 121 ???? 1500 ??
1 500m away north to the 121 Well,
Dawenliu
???????
Intertide
?????
Common
Seepweeds,
19/11??2002
6
????????? 29 ??
The 29th Team of Kengdong, Dawenliu
????????????????
The inshore beaches, the estuary of
Huanghe River
?????
Common
Seepweeds,
01/01~16/01
2003
??
02/02~22/02??
2003
0
04/03??2003
6
???????????
Artificial river region at the estuary
????????
Beach wetland at the estuary
??????
Common
Seepweeds,
10/03??2003* 1
???????
Farmland at the estuary
С?????
Wheat field
С??
Wheat
*??????????????????????????????????*Note: A rescued wounded crane.
?????о???????????????
1??2002-2003 ??????????????????仯??
?????????????? 54 ????????????????
???? 6 ???????????????????????У???
?Ъ?????????????????????????????
????????????У??????????????????
?????????????????????????????
????????
2??2002-2003 ???????????????????
?????????????? 10 ?????????????????
?? 11 ??????????Ъ?????? 2~3 ???????
????????????С??? 3 ???????????ж????
?Ъ????????????????????????Ъ???
?????????????????·???????????????
?????????????????????????
3???????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????У?
?????????????г????????????????????
2003 ?? 3 ?? 10 ???????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
?????á?
????????????????????????????
?????????????鹤????2004 ?? 10 ?????
?? 11 ??????????? 90 ???????????????
????????????????????? 13 ???2005
?? 3 ??????? 4 ??????? 10 ????????????
???????????????????? 4 ?? 13 ???
?????? ???? ?????? ?????????????????
?????????????? 257091??
26
Study on numerical distribution and habitat of Siberian Cranes
at the Delta of Huanghe River
(Abstract)
The Delta of Huanghe River in a stopover site
important to migratory cranes, migratory Siberian
Crane was first found here in 2001, a program
??Study on the number, distribution and habitat of
Siberian Crane at the Delta of Huanghe River??
was conducted in 2002~2003, this program
makes clear of following facts:
1. The numerical variation of Siberian Cranes at
the delta in 2002~2003. During southwards
migration, 54 cranes were found at the delta, they
mainly concentrated at the beaches near the
estuary of Huanghe River, Dawenliu
Administrative Station and stayed for a long time;
none crane was found during wintering period
and 6 cranes found during northwards migration
at the delta, they mainly distributed at the Estuary
Administrative Station on the north bank of
Huanghe River and stayed for a short time.
2. The migratory dynamics of Siberian Crane at
the delta in 2002~2003. When in southwards
migration the cranes flew along the river, they
first arrival and last departure time at the delta
was at the end of October and mid to late
November respectively, stayed for 2~3 weeks;
when in northwards migration the cranes flew
over inland, they arrived at and left the delta
happened in early March.
3. The habitat distribution. Siberian Cranes
concentrated at the inshore beaches, especially at
the inshore beaches facing the estuary of the river,
or at inshore intertidal region with tidal ditches. A
wounded crane found in a farmland in the north
bank of the river might be an special case, the
farmland was not confirmed to be the habitat for
the cranes.
The census continues when the project was
completed, 90 Siberian Cranes were found at the
ecological recovery area of wetland, and 13
cranes at the beaches of the estuary from mid
October to early November, 2004, 10 cranes at
the ecological recovery area in mid March to
early April, the latest departure date was on 13th
April, 2005.
Lv Juan_Zhang, Shan Kai, Zhu Shu-Yu, Yu
Hai-Ling (Shandong Huanghe River Delta
National N.R., 257091)
???????????????????顷
???????
(??
)
?????????????2003??4???????д???
??????飬????"???"?????ж?????????
2004 ?? 5 ?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
?????к????????顣
1.?????????
?о??????????????? 6 ??????????
???????????????????? 1??
2.???????
????2004 ???????????????????????
????????????(52º25ˊN??121º40ˊE)??
???????????????????????????????
??????????(
Larix gmelinii)?????????????
?????????????? 6 ????????????????
??????????????й??????????????
???????????????????? 6-8 ???????
????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????е???????????????????
??? 2004 ?? 6 ?·????? 12 ?????????????
????????????δ?????????????δ?μ???
??????塣2004 ?? 8 ????????????????????
27
??
1 ????????????????
Table 1 Crane resource in Inner Mongolia
????
Species
??????????
Breeder
??indivi.??
?????????????????
Transient and stagiong
crane(indivi.)
?????
Breeding site
??? Crane
<10 ?
20 ???, 20 more
??????????. Qiqian, Dalai Lake
??????
Red-crowned Crane
?? 100 ?
near100
? 550 ?
about 550
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? Qiqian, Dalai Lake, Genhe River, dalinor,Telieyetu,Wulagai,
Kerqin, Bila River, Huihe River
?????
Hooded Crane
4 ?
60 ???.
60 more
?????????????????
Wuerqihan, Dalai Lake, Huihe River
?????
White-naped Crane
100 ???
100 more
400 ???.
400 more
???С???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????. River side in Chifeng, Dalai Lake, Dalinor,
Shahu Lake in Chifeng,Kerqin, Chagannor, Bila River, huihe River
???
Common Crane
<20 ?
? 40 ?.
About 40
?????????????????????????????????
Kuduer, Dalai Lake,Zhalaite Banner,Wuliansu Lake,huihe River
?????
Demoselle Crane
? 10000 ?
about 10 000
? 20000 ?
about 20 000
—
????????????????????(52º11??239ˊN??
45º775ˊE)?????????????????????????
???????????????????
???????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
?д??????(43º10ˊN??117º00ˊE)??
????????????????????????????
?????????????(43º10ˊN??117º00ˊE)??
????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
??б???2004 ?? 7 ?? 8 ?????????????
?? Cliffe Wallis ??????????Χ????????
??С??????η?????????? 1 ???????
???????????????????2004 ?? 6 ???????
??????????????????? (43º10ˊN ??
117º00ˊE)???? 47 ?????????????????
???????????????????δ????????
?弯????????????ε??????
?????????Χ?????????????????
?????????????????????????????
???????1995 ?? 5 ?? 1 ???5 ?? 8 ???????
20 ???40 ?????1998 ?? 8 ???????????
?????????????
????????????????????? (???????
?????????)
Survey on crane breeding site in eastern Inner Mongolia
(Abstract)
The survey had been started at Dalinor,
Chifeng City in April, 2003 and interrupted by
the SARS. The survey then went on at Dalinor,
the source of Xiliaohe River, forestry swamp of
northern Daxing??an Mountain, Eerguna River and
Dalai River.
1.Species and number
There are 6 species of cranes in Inner
Mongolia, they all breed here.
2. Distribution of breeding site:
Siberian Crane: Eerguna River(52º25ˊN??
121º40ˊE) located at the most north of Qiqian
Forest Farm, in northern Daxing??an Mountain,
there grows dense of Dahurian Larches (
Larix
gmelinii), there are bushes and swamps near the
river. It is a boundary area with few human
disturbances and is possibly a breeding site for
Siberian Crane. 12 Siberian Cranes were found
28
stayed there all the summer by the bird monitors
of Dalai Lake Environmental Bureau, Hulunbeier
City in June, 2004, but none nest was found,
these cranes might be the non-breeding
sub-adults. A check was photographed near
Zhalainor (52º11 ?? 239ˊN ?? 45º775ˊE),
Hulunbeier City by Mr. Liu Song-Tao of Dalai
Lake N.R. in August, 2004. It means that the
breeding site of Siberian Crane is not far from
this check.
Red-crowned Crane: Breeding area from
northern Daxing??an Mountain to Dalinor
(43º10ˊN??117º00ˊE), Chifeng City, is more
towards southwest than before.
White-naped crane: Breeding area from
Dalai Lake southwards to Chagannor in
Xilinguole Prairie (43º10ˊN??117º00ˊE).
Hooded Crane: The authors observed the
specimen of the egg, sub-adult and adult of
Hooded Crane at the museum of Wuerqihan
(49.5N??121.3E)collected by the forest workers. A
pair of Hooded Cranes were first found by Dr.
Cliffe Wallis (a Canadian expert) and the authors
at a small lake periphery Dalinor on 8th July, 2004,
they mixed with ten more White-naped Cranes.
And 47 Hooded Cranes were found at Huleiyetu
Lake (43º10ˊN??117º00ˊE) by the authors,
Hulunbeier League in June, 2004. It showed that
Hooded Crane might breed in northern Daxing??an
Mountain, the aggregated non-breeding
individuals might wander and feed in somewhere
else.
Common Crane: Breeding area from northern
Daxing??an Mountain goes along taiga to north
Europe, northern Daxing??an Mountain is the
southeast bounder of the breeding area. 20 and 40
Common Cranes had been found on 1st May and
8th May of 1995 respectively, a check had been
photographed at Dalai Lake in August, 1988.
Xing Lian-Lian, Yang Qui-Sheng,
Pan Yan-Qiu (School of life Sciences, Inner
Mongolia University)
??????????????????????????
30 ??
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30 ??????????????????????????????
?????? 1976 ???????????????????????
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??????????????????????????????
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???? 5 ????????????2004 ?? 4 ?? 17
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??????? 13 580 ???
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??????????????????????1970?????
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?????????????20 ???? 80 ??????????
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???1996????
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1976 ?????? 200 ????????????????
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??????? 20 ???? 80 ????????????????????
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??????????????ж???????
????? 10 ???????????????????? 67
29
??????????62?????2????????????????
?????顣?ж????????????????????????
?????????顱??????? 10 ????????????
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??? 4 ????????????????????????????
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????????????????????????????????
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???Σ??????????????????????????????
2005 ??????????????????? 3 ?? 10
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?????????????????????????????????顱???
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?????Ч???????????????????飬????
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???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
????????????????顱??????????????????
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
?
http://www.savingcranes.org/conservation/our_pr
ojects/program.cfm?id=17.
?????? Brandon Krueger ????????????
???? 11376 Shady Lane ·?????????????
??????? 53913??
ICF??s Crane Count Turns 30!
The International Crane Foundation (ICF) is
proud to celebrate 30 years of Crane Count! The
Annual Midwest Sandhill Crane Count began in
one county in 1976 as a cooperative venture
between ICF and Middleton Wisconsin high
school students. The count encouraged students
to become more involved with conservation
through wetland monitoring and censusing of
Sandhill Cranes. Over the years, the count has
grown to include participants of all ages from
five different states. On April 17, 2004, a record
3,000 volunteers across portions of Wisconsin,
Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota and Illinois tallied a
total of 13,580 cranes.
The major accomplishment of the annual count is
that it increases awareness of and appreciation for
wetland ecosystems and their many inhabitants.
Increased public awareness and support drives
preservation efforts.
From a purely scientific standpoint Crane Count
generates baseline data that would otherwise be
unavailable. Crane Count complements ICF??s
banded crane study, crop damage study and
ecological studies of Sandhill Cranes.
Additionally, this local effort has international
ramifications by inspiring ICF colleagues to
implement similar programs for cranes in their
own countries. ICF has encouraged counts of
Siberian (1970) and Sarus Cranes (1987) in India,
Black-necked, White-naped, Hooded and
Siberian Cranes in China (early 1980s), Wattled,
Blue and Grey Crowned Cranes in South Africa
(1986), Grey Crowned Cranes in Kenya (1988),
and Sandhill Cranes in Cuba (1996).
ICF??s Annual Midwes t Crane Count, one of the
world??s largest citizen-based wildlife surveys, is
approaching its thirtieth anniversary! With the
arrival of this milestone, we??d like to take the
opportunity to journey back in time to relive the
count??s modest beginnings and journey into the
future to anticipate its exciting future.
In 1976, less than 200 volunteers initiated the
Columbia County Crane Survey in Wisconsin.
As awareness and interest grew, the survey
expanded into five central Wisconsin counties.
In the early 1980s, the Crane Count programs
exploded. Through the combined efforts of the
Wisconsin Wetlands Association and ICF, the
30
range of the count grew, and wetland protection
endeavors
were
enhanced
through
awareness-building programs. The partnership
of these two organizations resulted in the
expansion of the count to 34 counties throughout
Wisconsin.
By the count??s tenth anniversary, sixty-seven of
Wisconsin??s seventy-two counties were included,
with over 2000 volunteers counting across the
state. At that point, the count was renamed the
Annual Wisconsin Sandhill Crane Count.
Another ten years later, the Crane Count reached
its next milestone- crossing borders to include
four of the states surrounding Wisconsin
(Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, and Iowa); again,
the survey received a new, more comprehensive
title - the
Annual Midwest Sandhill Crane Count.
And as we speak, Crane Count is in full stride to
yet another stepping stone. Traditionally, Crane
Count focused solely on the Sandhill Crane, the
one species found in Wisconsin during recent
years. But thanks to reintroduction efforts led
by ICF and other members of the Whooping
Crane Eastern Partnership, the endangered
whooping cranes grace our Midwestern
landscapes once again.
Crane Count 2005 marks the third decade of this
most significant and successful survey and
introduces the next progressive step in the
evolution of Crane Count?? the inclusion of
whooping cranes. We??ve renamed the survey,
once again, to the
Annual Midwest Crane Count
to reflect their exciting presence in our region.
To be effective, citizen bird counts require careful
planning and implementation by a sponsoring
organization committed to the endeavor for a
period of years. We salute all current and former
ICF employees who over the years have
dedicated themselves to Crane Count. Along
with these dedicated individuals there are many
volunteer County Coordinators and volunteer
counters that make this amazing program
possible.
If you are interested in more information about
the ICF??s Annual Midwest Crane Count, you may
find more on the ICF Website at
http://www.savingcranes.org/conservation/our_pr
ojects/program.cfm?id=17.
Brandon Krueger, Naturalist
International Crane Foundation
E11376 Shady Lane Rd
Baraboo, WI 53913
?????????????????
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??????????????????19 ????????????
?????? 1 500 ????????????????????
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?ж???????????????????????????
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200 ?????
1986 ????????????????????????
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??????С??????????????????????????
???????????????﹫?????????????
?й?????????????????????С?顢??
?????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????????????
31
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?????ɡ?
??????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
???????о?????? 3 ??????????????????Щ
?????????????????????????????????
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??? 6 ?????????????????????????
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200 ?????ɡ????????????????????
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????????????鲢??????
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?????????????????????????????
www.savingcranes.org/about/whats_new/travel_j
ournals.cfm
John A. Garland ????????????????????Э
?????
Updqate on Whooping Crane Reintroduction
The Whooping Crane is on the verge of an
extraordinary comeback after nearly becoming
extinct due to human activities. In the
mid-1800s, the Whooping Crane population was
around 1,500 individuals. Their population
declined rapidly due to habitat conversion,
unregulated hunting, and egg collecting. By
1941, the last migratory flock was reduced to
only 15 birds.
This one small flock of Whooping Cranes stood
between survival and extinction. Ambitious
recovery efforts were needed to save the species.
Projects to protect the cranes and to create new
populations were put in motion and began the
32
Whooping Cranes?? long journey to recovery.
Due in part to habitat protection and hunting
restrictions, this last wild flock, which migrates
from breeding grounds in the Northwest
Territories of Canada to the Gulf coast of Texas,
has made a dramatic comeback. There are
currently over 200 Whooping Cranes in this
population.
In 1986, a Whooping Crane Recovery Plan was
drafted to chart a course for saving the species
from extinction. The plan was created by the
Whooping Crane Recovery Team, a group of
crane biologists and officials from the United
States and Canada.
If the recovery plan is
successful, Whooping Cranes could be
downlisted from endangered to threatened status
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
A reintroduction project aimed at satisfying the
goals of the recovery plan is currently underway
to restore a migratory flock of Whooping Cranes
to eastern North America. Now in its fifth year,
the project is being undertaken by the Whooping
Crane Eastern Partnership, a team of non-profit
and governmental organizations whose founding
members include the International Crane
Foundation, International Whooping Crane
Recovery Team, National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, Natural Resources Foundation of
Wisconsin, Operation Migration Inc., US Fish
and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey??s
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and National
Wildlife Health Center, Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources, and many other dedicated
partners.
In the wild, young cranes learn migration routes
from their parents. In this current reintroduction
effort, Operation Migration is standing in for the
parent birds by leading young Whooping Cranes
on migration with ultralight aircraft. The chicks
learn the route during their first trip south, and
are able to make the return journey on their own.
Cranes for this project come from three captive
breeding centers, the International Crane
Foundation in Wisconsin, San Antonio Zoo in
Texas, and the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
in Maryland. Crane eggs from these
organizations are shipped to Patuxent. There,
the young cranes are introduced to ultralight
aircraft and raised in isolation from humans. To
ensure the impressionable cranes remain wild,
project biologists and pilots adhere to
isolation-rearing protocol, which includes a strict
no-talking rule, use of recorded adult crane calls
to communicate with the young birds, and crane
costumes that the researchers wear to mask the
human form whenever they are around the
cranes.
New classes of cranes are transported to the
Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin
each June to begin a summer of conditioning
behind the ultralights to prepare them for their
fall migration. The cranes grow quickly and by
mid-summer are flying short distances behind the
ultralights. The flights become progressively
longer, until the chicks are ready to begin
migration in autumn. Before migration begins,
the chicks are fitted with colored bands and radio
transmitters around their legs.
In early to mid-October, the Whooping Cranes
depart the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge and
began their 1,200 mile migration to Florida. The
flock spends the winter on the Gulf coast of
Florida at the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife
Refuge. The birds are monitored by International
Crane Foundation and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service biologists throughout the winter. In late
March or early April the cranes begin their spring
migration unaided by ultralights. The spring
migration generally does not last as long as the
fall migration. On their own, the cranes are able
to fly more efficiently by riding thermals and
soaring, rather than expending energy flapping
their wings to fly behind the ultralights.
Graduated classes of Whooping Cranes spend
much of their time during the summer on or near
the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge. They also
use state and private lands. It is not unusual for
yearling cranes to wander, especially if they are
33
not associating with any male flockmates, which
typically select the future breeding territory.
Biologists from the International Crane
Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service track and monitor the cranes during their
fall and spring migrations in an effort to learn as
much as possible about their unassisted journeys
and the habitat choices they make along the way.
The biologists continue to monitor the birds
while the Whooping Cranes are in their summer
and winter locations.
There are currently 45 migratory Whooping
Cranes in eastern North America as a result of
this reintroduction. Plans are currently
underway for a supplemental release to augment
the ultralight-led recovery efforts.
The
supplemental release technique will consist of
rearing Whooping Crane chicks using the
isolation-rearing protocol. After the chicks
have fledged, they will be released with older
Whooping Cranes that have successfully
migrated in the past, or into wild Sandhill Crane
flocks with which these older Whooping Cranes
are likely to associate. These released juveniles
will then learn a fall migration route from the
older, wild birds. This method of reintroduction
has been previously tested and proven successful
with Sandhill Cranes.
To learn more about this project and the progress
of the cranes, please visit the International Crane
Foundation??s
website:
www.savingcranes.org/about/whats_new/travel_j
ournals.cfm.
.
By John A. Garland, Education Outreach
Cooedinator, International Crane Foundation
2004 ?????????????????
???????
??????????????????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? 2003 ?? 2 ????? 898
???
??????? 2004 ?? 1 ?? 23~26 ???λ?????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????С?????????????????????
???顣???????????????????????????????
?? 3 ???????????????????? 756 ?????
?? 72 ??????????????????????????????
1?????????????????? 33.9%??????? 22.4%
??????? 43.8%?? ????? 2002 ?????????
????????????????????????????????
?? 500 ??????????????????????????????
??,1996 ??????????????????????? 1/3??
?? 2002 ????????????????????
?????? 32 ??С????????? 91??13??
?? 103??19???????????????????????
??????????????????С?????????????
????? 53.1%????γ????????????????
????????????й??????????????????
???????????????????????????????
?????????
????????????·???????????????С
????????????????·? 80??18??????????
?????? 97.6%?????? 19??1???????????
14 ???
2003/2004 ???? 950??140????????????
????????????е? 750 ?????? 3 ?????????
????? 194 ??????????С??????????????
??????????????? 52 ??? ?????????? 18
?????????? 10.9%??????????????
2.7%?? ???????????????1994~2003????
?????????????????????з??????????
?????
34
??
1 ?????????????????????????
3 ?????????
С????
????
?????
?????
С??
???
????
С??
???
??????
256
169
331
756
91
103
194
950
?????
31
18
23
72
13
19
32
104
???????%??
12.1
10.7
6.9
9.5
14.3
18.4
16.5
10.9
???? 2 ???????
5
3
3
11
1
4
5
16
???????????? 88 ??????????????
????????? 12 ??????е? 72 ???????? 1 ???
???16 ???????? 2 ??????????????????
274 ?????????????2004 ?? 1 ???????????
????????? 32.1%??????? 2003 ?????
2.4%??????????????????????????
31.6%??
??????????????????????????????
5.79%????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
2002 ??????????? 2003 ??????????
? 75.0%???? 2003 ??????????? 2004 ??
???????????? 64.7%??
??????????????ó?????????2004 ??
??????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????
???????????????????????ι?????
????и?????????????????, ???????
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
???:\??Bulletin of the Japan Cranes and
Storks Network\??,2004, No.1
?????????????????????????γ??????
??????????????μ????????飬???? 2 ??
?????
Number of Tancho Grus japonensis wintering in Hokkaido in 2004
Masatomi Hiroyuki
(Tacho Protection Unit, Japan)
There are two separate populations of Tancho
Grus japonensis in the world: one in northeast
Asia and the other in Hokkaido, Japan. The Asian
migratory population is thought to be decreasing
in number, but the Hokkaido??s non-migratory
population has been gradually increasing in
recent years, reaching 898 cranes in February of
2003.
In 2004 we carried out censuses of Tancho at the
major wintering feeding stations(FSs) in Akan,
Tsurui and Onbetsu with other minor FSs in
eastern Hokkaido on 23~26 of January. The
weather on census days was fine and the air
temperature was usually under 0 .
??
The total number of cranes at the three
long-established major FSs, Akan, Nakasetsuri
and Shimosetsuri, were 756 (including 72
juveniles) which were the largest number to date
(Table 1). The rate of distribution was 33.9% at
Akan, 22.4% at Nakasetsuri and 43.8% at
Shimosetsuri. Though the total number of cranes,
about 500, staying in Tsurui village (Nakasetsuri
and Shimosetsuri) during winter has been
relatively stable since 2002, the number of cranes
at Akan has been continuously increasing. In
1996 the number of cranes at Akan was one-third
the number at Tsurui, but this year the number at
Akan reached one half the number at Tsurui.
There were 91(13) and 103(19) cranes found at
Onbetsu and 32 minor FSs respectively, reaching
35
a total of 194(32) which is the largest number
found to date. However the number of juveniles
was less than the previous year. It was the first
time that the number of cranes at the latter place
was larger (53.1%) than that of the former. This
was probably due to unusual weather conditions
this year; it was warmer than usual and many
lakes, rivers and pools thawed and supplied
natural diets and roosting spots.
The minor FSs used by cranes are distributed in
Hidaka, Tokachi, Kushiro and Nemuro districts.
The number of cranes using the minor FSs were
80(18) in Kushiro, 19(1) in Nemuro, and the rest
in Hidaka and Tokachi. This means that only
2.0% of the whole population was observed in
Nemuro and 97.6% was wintered in Kushiro.
Finally 950 (104 cranes (756 at the three major
FSs and 194 at the rest) spent the winter of
2003/2004 in Hokkaido. This was a total increase
of 52 cranes, but 18 fewer juveniles was 10.9%
among the population, 2.7% lower than that in
2003, but almost equal to the 11.0% which was
the average ratio in the past 10 years
(1994~2003). The percent of juveniles among the
flocks using the minor FSs was significantly
higher than that of the flocks using the three
major FSs (p<0.05), suggesting a tendency of
dispersion of the breeding pairs rearing juveniles.
Table 1 Crane number and percentage of juveniles in each feeding station
Three major feeding stations
Minor feeding stations
Total
__________________________________________________________________________
Akan nakasetsuri Shimosetsuri Subtotal Onbetsu Others Subtotal
Number of cranes
256 169
331
756
91
103 194
950
Number of juveniles
31
18
23
72
13
19
32
104
Percent of juveniles (%)
12.1 10.7
6.9
9.5
14.3 18.4 16.5
10.9
Number of pairs with 2 chicks 5
3
3
11
1
4
5
16
At the census period 88 pairs were successful in
breeding, 12 pairs fewer than the previous year,
of 72 pairs were with one juvenile and 16 pairs
with two juveniles. As the nesting pairs observed
in the previous spring was 174, the breeding
success rate was 32.1% in late January of 2004.
Though this was 2.4% lower than 2003, this rate
was higher than the 31.6% average of the
previous 10 years.
The increase in the rate of population compared
to the previous year was 5.79%, but the survival
rate of juveniles seemed to be lower in spite of no
obvious negative factors for their life in this
breeding season. The actual survival rate of
juveniles ringed in 2002 was 75.0% during their
first winter of 2003 and that of juveniles ringed in
2003 was 64.7% at the census time of 2004.
Looking at these census results, we concluded
that while the breeding status at the census time
in 2004 was not as high as the previous year, it
seemed to meet the usual breeding level, and the
population of cranes in Hokkaido was still
growing steadily.
Precise census on cranes was a fundamental
measure taken in order to make effective plans
for the maintenance of a sound population and to
implement various programs for the conservation
of cranes. Therefore, it is essential to continue the
accurate counting of cranes every year and the
results of monitoring should be reflected in the
policy for crane conservation.
Selected from \??Bulletin of the
Japan Cranes and Storks Network\??,2004, No.1
(The editorial note: Prof. Wang Qi-Shan, Anhui
University and Engineer Du Jin-Jin, Yancheng
National N.R. were invited to join in the survey,
see photos in the inside cover )
36
???????????????????????п???о?
??????James Burnham???? ICF ????????
??????????????о????????? 2004 ?? 10
?????????????????????????????????
?г??? 6 ?????????о????????????о?????
?? ICF ????????????????????Э?????
????????????λ??????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
?????????????о?????????????????
?????????е????????????????????????
?????????????
??????????鶽?????????????
???? ICF ????????? . ?????? George
Archibald????????????? ICF ???????????
????????.????Ellie Schiller?????? 2005
?? 1 ?? 18 ???? 21 ???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????.????
???????????ε?????????????.???????
??????ι???????????????????????
??????????л?????????????
?????(?????????????
?????????????)
Mr. James Burnham in Poyang Lake
Mr. James Burnham is a graduate student of
Wisconsin University, America, subsidized by the
ICF, since October 2004, he made a field research
at Dahuchi Administrative Station, Poyang Lake
N.R. for 6 months. His research is a part of the
ICF??s Poyang Lake project, he mainly assists to
collect and handle the data of the relationship
among waterfowls, water level and aquatic
vegetations, and debugs and improves the
ecological monitoring database of Sino-America
cooperative project of Poyang Lake N.R.. His
research not only enforces the scientific research
level, but also enforces the management in the
reserve.
To supervision and promote Mr. James
Burnham??s work and to watch cranes, Dr. George
Archibald, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors of the ICF and Ms. Ellie Schiller, the
investor of partial expenses of the project arrived
at the reserve on 18th January, 2005. When
watched large flocks of Siberian Cranes flying
over they said excitedly: ??We are really lucky to
be here! ?? ??How beautiful the Poyang Lake is! ??.
This is the 6th time for Dr. George Archibald to
visit Poyang Lake, and is the 1st time for Ms.
Ellie Schiller, they were thankful to the staff of
the reserve and promised that they will come
back again when leaving the reserve.
Zhou Fei-Long (Dahuchi
Administrative Station, Poyang Lake N.R.)
?????????????????????????????????
2004 ?? 10 ?? 27 ??????????????????
?????????????μ????????134??09??30??E??
48??22??40??N??????????????????????????
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?塣
????????????????????峤 360mm??β
?? 84mm????? 28mm????蹠?? 33mm??????
850g?????????????????????????
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37
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?л????????????????????????????
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Ю???????????????????蹠??????
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?????????????
Melanitta nigra??????????
???ж?????????????????????????
??
Melanitta nigra Americana???????????????
??????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
?????????????
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?????????????????????????????????
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??????????????????
????? ???????????
????????????????????? 156500??
Melanitta nigra Americana was found at Heilongjiang
Sanjiang National N.R.
A dead wild duck was caught at Jiaxinzi Islet
?? 134??09??30??E ?? 48??22??40??N ?? ,Fuyuan,
Heilongjiang by a fisherman on 27th October,
2004. It was primarily identified to be
Melanitta
nigra Americana by the stuff of Heilongjiang
Sanjiang National N.R., and was confirmed to be
a male sub-adult of the same bird by Prof.Chang
Jia-Chuan, an ornithologist in Wildlife Resources
College, Northeast Forestry University.
The measurements are: Body length 360mm,
tail length 84mm, wing length 28mm, tarsus
length 33mm and body weight 850mg. There is
sepia in crown and hind neck; hoary in the sides
of head and neck, as well as in chin and throat;
there are tiny hazel spots in the sides of neck. The
upperparts is duck gloomy brown with white
terminal bars, the white terminal bars also appear
in the sides of breast and flanks. The breast and
abdomen is pale brown with a few obscure pale
markings in abdomen. The flanks and crissum
duck brown; under tail coverts pale, under wing
coverts gloomy brown with pale ??. Iris brown,
bill black, tarsus dusky brown.
According to ??China Fauna-Aves(Vol. ??
Anseriformes)??
Melanitta nigra has two
subspecies,
Melanitta nigra Americana breeds in
Alaska of North America, northeast Siberia and
periphery islets; winters along the coast of the
Pacific Ocean in North America and along the
coast of Atlantic Ocean, as well as in Korea and
Japan. In China it was found in Zhengjiang,
Jiangsu and Lianjiang, Fujian.
This bird found in Sanjiang N.R. is a new
record of species in Northeast China, and is a lost
bird in the area. The specimen of the bird is now
preserved in the Administrative Bureau,
Heilongjiang Sanjiang National N.R..
Xing Hai-Lin, Pu Jin-Hu (Administrative Bureau,
Heilongjiang Sanjiang National N.R., 156500)
?????μ????????????
2005 ?? 2 ???????????????????????
????????????????????????????У?
???????????????????????????????
??????(
Larus relictus)??????????????????
?μ?????????Σ????3 ?????????????
????????????????????μ??????? 1 ???
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?????????????????????????п??????
????? 2003 ????????????????2004
?? 10 ??????????????????????????????
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38
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??? 200433??
The first record of wintering Relict Gull in Shanghai
Two Relict Gulls (
Larus relictus) were found
at the wetland of Jiuduansha N.R. by
Shanghai investigation group in February,
2005, during a survey on wintering
waterfowls in the middle and lowervalleys
of Changjiang River, organized by the
IUCN and State Forestry Administration.
This is the first record of the endangered
bird species. One more Relict Gull was
found at Congmingdongtan Bird N.R. in
March, 2005.
Because the appearance and shape of Relict
Gull looks like other gulls, it is difficult to
identify the bird in the field and it might be
ignored in former surveys. Since a large
group of Relict Gulls was found in 2003, it
was recorded in the estuary of Minjiang
River, Fujiang in October, 2004. It means
that possibly there is certain quantity of
Relict Gulls in East China. Even so,
threatened by the worsening environment
in their breeding and wintering sites, the
protection of Relict Gull shoulders heavy
responsibilities.
Ma Zhi-Jun (Institute of Bio-diversity,
Shanghai Fudan University, 200433)
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???????? chinacranenews@yahoo.com.cn )???????
??????绰?????????????й??????????????????
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10 ?? 20 ???
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??:010-62558930????
Membership for the China Crane and Waterbird Committee
The China Crane and Waterbird Committee
(CCWC) offers membership to people who are
making efforts in research, conservation,
education, management, and publicity of cranes
and other waterbirds, and their habitats in China.
As a member, you will receive two issues of
China Crane News each year. Dr. Li Fengshan
from the International Crane Foundation will be
the coordinator for overseas membership. If you
would like to enroll as a member of the CCWC,
please make a check of $20 payable to:
International Crane Foundation
c/o Dr. Li Fengshan
P. O. Box 447
Baraboo, Wisconsin 53913, USA
You also can make a payment by credit card;
please give your credit card number and
expiration date. If you have questions regarding
the membership, please contact:
Dr. Li Fengshan
China Program Coordinator
International Crane Foundation
P. O. Box 447
Baraboo, Wisconsin 53913, USA
Tel: 608-356-9462 ext. 158
Fax: 608-356-9465
Email: fengshan@savingcranes.org
39
