Full text of "Compute! Gazette Issue 55"

bw TO Buy A Modelfir Complete Buyefs'G^^


OMPUTEi's


$3.00
January 1988

Issue 55. \fal. 6, No. 1
ISSN 0737-3716 ^

02220 $4.25 Canada


Going Online

All about electronic
bulletin boards ¡ª
With a look at three
of the best


Cats 'N' Dogs

A delightful game of
logic for all ages. For
the Commodore 64.


Also In This I

The GBOS Colm
WordCount ¡ö'?


SpeBdScript Just

Scrolling BASIC Editor

Needlework Graphics
Editor

And More


01


0 '"7U86"0Z220" 6


^^


f P? aIIII r^ -. Sound Manager

A BASIC Compiler Quickly design sounds

For ThG 64 interactively for use

Run programs up to 50 in your own programs
times faster!


T


3=rr


X


^^^^^g^Kl^


;i ; i! I ; I ! 1=^ 'Try? . - :


?x^-


rzzL xrnr


\P


Tile Paint

Add colorful, detailed fill patterns to your 128
graphics screens


/f<if/if*ffijiiit//ttt//ffl:


wym/,


^^^^.


I ''^''^^^¡ö^'^mmmm^


,???,, ¡ö

^ompu:^rve laKes you on a
^'coast-to-coast shoppinji-;
from the comforl and^
convenience of your hom^

^'Now you can shop the entire counf^^^
through THE ELECTRONIC MALL'" from
CompuServe. Stop in online at Waldenbooks
&fpress Music, even the Metropolitan
Museum of Art. tt's an easy and exciting
way to buy go<xis and services from the
nation's top mcrdiants and businesses
without ever having to leave home.

Plan your shopping adventure by
department Apparel & Accessories,
Automotive, Books & Periodicals, Gifts
& Novelties, Computing, Gourmet &
Rowers, Hobbies & To>^, Merchandise
& Electronics, Online Services, Premium
Merchants, Music & Movies, Health &
Beauty, financial. Travel & Entertainment,
Office & Supplies, Sports & Leisure.

You can also join Comp-u-store, a
computerized discount shopping service.
Access over 250,000 products with savings

of up to soas.


? t,oo(c up Itic latest in coinputer

? Select one iuid enler the order
command.

? Shop fur urtu$ual and unique gifts for
every member of (he family.

? Get information on tfiat newcarjrouVe
been thinking about buying.

¡ö Request a department store catalog.

Pick out a new wardrobe. Toys. T(X)ls.
Anything you wish.

? Place jDur order.


Compare all that with what yoti can do
in 15 minutes of shopping the old way:

? Round up the family and gel in the car.


\\\, ¡ª anotftey
valtiabie ?ervit:e from Ihevasl worW :
of ComptiServe,^^^^^^

Only C( \m\w^M^V^t\\
.shop online in Uie fabulous ELECTRONIC
MALL. So join now and find an exciting
selection of top-quality merchandise andj;
useful product information services
24 hours a day, .seven days a week.

CompuServe Information Services
bring you information, entertainment,
personal communications and more. You
can access CompuServe with almost any
computer and modem.

Start your own cross-country shopping
spree today. To buy a CompuServe Subscrip-
tion Kit, see your nearest computer dealer.
To receive our informative brochure or
to order direct , call or write.

CompuServe^

InformalionServfces, RQ Box 20212

5000 Ariington Centra Btvd, Cotumbus. OH 43220

800-848-8199

InObio and Canada, call 614-457-0&02
An H&R Block Company


SNjqpps

SCOOPS


grOCKS PUJWMET IN RECORD TRACHMG


\^


VS.


V...


I ta Ttk^Mitm IlithttthUi


ItYl'^ i iL w tM MA'Mi^ J


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More people reading
stuff like this!


lext ciiti be printed in every fiml (wtnlithk
Ihmuah GE()S. ITuvf dimtmenls avn'
prinkd on an Apple hiser ItWcf


VANISHING TIMES


A Berkeley Su^twocju [hiMication


Vot XlMiV Number 45SJ


EARTH TO BEGIN
SPINNING IN
OPPOSITE

DIRECTION

A shocked coouvtium ci
^enlists coafirmod the ihoHd'^
*w5l ujspjdoft's Tuesday, when
they ijnnouiKcd thai tbe Earth wan
tnckod blowing ikrATt. TUcy upcct
the pbntt U) pind \o 3 hali e^y
Thufsd^ A?rvn:^ii]f; its ^iitviion ?id
I^^Ung bucL L^ lu \fKcJ by MtmJ:^
night.

AJthoti^h the irscarch wu^
dartliDg, ihc scicnlhls ug^ people
TM Ui panic.

"[ suppose rd lock 0II the
t^cikabloi in )iwr cablnd!^!' offers
Dr. Lcc Llrv<iiH\ '^bul ouuidc of
thai, I'd just icll pcopk Id hdJ on
Aiid enjoy ttK ride!'

Appaenity wc'ir in far quite a
tide. Dr. Dennis Rosvlaml demuri-
slraied [Ni- effect of iJic uKkJrn


mcTsal by iJntpping 9 raw egg inlo a
MixMjtster blender set on "purw!*

"If vw AA^umc people have the
ctmsutcnry of thk cggV RLnvImd
u^i?r)?d. '*[ think it's safe to nay ihlit
dbc cflect of ihh phcmmcWKi miJI
leave liiciii in a xudb somcwhAi
similar to finely ground beefl"

AsJ^ if there u?ft aaything the
puMic couki do to prcpan: ]^ the

^*rd just tetE people
to hold on and ei\joy
the rider

catasuopbe. Dr. Ro^lswl ihoi^t a
whiic and t^ikx^ "I ahfcyys re-
commend fiislening >t>ur seat bciL It
jiut makes j^ much xasc dim't yvj
think?"

Analyst Stttd Gkrvaky wil^l less
thscncMK^ with ihc ncwi. i^in|;
"Vrlui's the big iJiaJ? Jeo:, >w
luyj, OK ucling liLc a bunch of


MAN BITES
POODLE!


BERKELEY¡ª Doeettt of dti7*iK
u-^iichetl in bofror today va a man,
who dcKtibcd hirrudf as am animal
Uivcri attuolly bit it miniutuiv teacup
ptKidtc.

Dcj^idd Amkrwn, of Studio
City, CulifomiLi. dLsmlsscd the in-
ddeol as a case of mi^iakm idcniiiv,


"Soinebtxly asked n?; If I u/^^ted
a dog with mustanl. and since it was
close [Q lunchtiiDc anyway. \ just
took a bile willknJl lot.)^;]^^:*

The dop. nncpomling ro (he nune
"Kntickvrurst;' then gave out a. yelp
th:Ll by^lundcrs iTCall?d tG wundmg
like "a ltom between 9. gun shot and

"Sure it was my

fnu5tdrd, but thai

doesn't prove a
thingi"

an air raid sirenr la the pfucesi, the
pinched poitdi set a world iccofd in
iJk long jump of thirty feet> two


inchOr

Anderson wb booked on fcUmy
diaf|p? oT dog munchtng, poodk;
entUnfiiemient and cvvuiltinf: ^
cfuiinc with intent to commit rclish-
Hc v,Ts Ulet released on his (wn
rTCCf;iitEH>CeL The man *feo ofEcicd
him the poodle has als? been chafg^
with atlem^^ng lo apply mustic^ 10 a
myiu a nusdcmeaiMjr m Akmeda
County

"It'h a unear laetid' ydkul Rob
SicgeL the man still being sought by
poliee. *'5uRi U wm my mustard^
but that tkioii> pmvc a thing,
Bc^idc^, ihey hsnc m pitnc with


ii::i


H%U(Khtv


m fc? wan kiHCEtOM

MMt Jka r^? M tA iw iok


COtJt LBIHWCt WEU W

¡ötItSUU

HWIEIIGlOr THE HUTIMLI.

ibiMfh ^^ P#d KW4>* 1 put hM
0]f*iJtlL4-*I?irr
JHuMhliy^^iiMribctkA IKJ

sn' hf icnai <kt?Uy kiMly ili^ ahuri


Wtathcr

tbc iTunuai^ bwJIWtt irft near mKUlFt
TniqirrktuFe^ UwuU k?' lo the mid 2U0'v by
Uk ¡örtcmoun with h^my tkdtkri aLtniny


C<iUIIkllb)0'Mli;4l111lltl4llMVL'lH;Hl-|l.hkmiEUl)(O l-^ifcH-t'l-.ll^lnJlSBvJ.trf, 1pK(!S, B'.>l'urill.4^.1ldlk(luk>SHrf(v?wU.kn.lTJ.k'"Ulk*i^lk'(lt^^ l.i^tWrrt^'t


ri nimmm i Jh-r IhJH tkrl*'t> N p(l wifVv


These days, the biggest

story in the news is geoPublish.
The page-making program for
GEOS-equipped 64's and 128's
that replaces lifeless layouts with
page after page of powerful,
punchy professionalism.

EVeedom of the press.

Actually, geoPublish is
very patriotic software. After
all, what other application guar-
antees your freedom of self-
expression? Well, geoPublish
sure does. In fact, every piece
it prints is dedicated to the
preservation of your personal-
ity on paper.

Which means that finally,
your newsletters never need
to look like anyone else's,
ever again.

All you do is draw a bunch
of columns for your master
layout.They could
be two, four or
sbcteen across
the page. They
could be short
and squat, or long
and skinny. It's
your call. After
that, you just


;)r?ui to'imtniree ij'KFutiisr. iL' ijSe;t


i'wCTCKEpS prodiEt lins. ,

'III
Ml-feitlired'


Wih


. iisting sysiem'
j'ou can crease

!i moJii-ccIumii

^s'aiterjorbrotlwres.


"pour" yourgeoWrite document,
text, graphics and all ¡ª into col-
umn ^tercolunrm.Page after page.
Everything fills up automat-
ically until it fits firmly into your


finely fashioned
format.

Extras!
Extras! Read
all about 'em!

As every edi-
tor knows, even
the best stories
need punching up
before they go to press. Which
is why geoPublish features
an array of artistic appliances
designed to earn your pages a
place in the history books.

You can resize text. Change
fonts. Even insert or delete
graphics anywhere on the page.
You can lay text over graphics.
Graphics over text. Or even
wrap text around graphics.

And if your image doesn't
fit, no problem. The propor-
tional scaling tool can shrink or
enlarge any art,
be it your original
or the stuff you
find in Print Shop"

Finally,

those of you

intent on making

banner headlines

should know that

geoPublish doesn't wimp out

n Berkeley
Sortworks


when it comes
to headlines. It
screams them
out, with gen-
uine, newspaper-
sized, 96 point
megafonts.

Now, if you
think that sounds
terrific on paper,

just wait until you see it printed

out on a Laser- Writer."'

We've saved the best news
for last.

And now, for the best part:
you can create and save not one,
but hundreds of layouts for later
use.

And because it's part of the
GEOS family, you can fully inte-
grate text and graphics from all
your other programs into every
geoPublish piece you print.

So now that you know the
latest scoop in software, why
not subscribe to geoPublish
yourself? Who knows? With
stuff like this, you could be mak-
ing front page news in no time.


To order call 1-800-443-0100 ext. 234

geoPublish $69.95

(California residents add 7% sales tax. )
$2.50 US/$5,5() Foreign for sliipping and
jiandling. Allow six weeks (or delivery,

ClELOi, j^*p^bli?h mi \ieiU^ ^^1 Wirt* art I r?4cmjris ii Ik-itclf,' S(irt*vrti


The brightest ininds are working at Berkeley.


Submarine Simuldion In TheJIforld!


oil CMT

croiiipc


THE SUBMARINE SIMULATION


CRITICAUY ACCLAIM

"A superior product" (compute) ^

,.;.. "Sy for the best submarine simulation
m "Another masteq>iece from MfcroAose ^

^^^COMMODORE N4AGAZINE) f

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^'Cpinp/sx and absorbing.. . a thorough.

enjioyabte game" (A+)

~mof ttw t>est simulations I've ever seen"k

OMPUTCR GAMING WORLD) -^

u can almost smell diesel oil and fee/ ttm


^^^^'^^^ "''


MTKNATip


USA: "BEST SIMULATOR" , ,^1

(Critics' Choice Award, Famllv Computing) ? "

USA: "B^T ADVENTURE GAME FOR THEHO^'^m

COMPUTER" (Ctiarles Roberts Award For Outstanding ;^

Achievement. Acodemv of Ac*/enture Gaming Arts & Designs)'
ENGLAND: "BEST SIMULATION"

(Oscar Awofd, Commodore Computing Internatiorra))
FRANCE: "BEST SIMULATION"

(Golden Tilt Award, Tilt Magazine)

GERMANY: "SIMULATION OF THE YEAR"

(Best Games Of T>ie Year Awards, Hoppv Compy ter)

Available NOW From Your FovofHe "Valijed MicroProse
Retall?(" (VMR).

Call us tor ttw VMR nsorest youl

For ALL Ftopular Computers At A Suggested Retail Of
Only S3d,95:

? Comrrxxlore 64/128 ? Atari XL/XE

? IBM-FC & compatibles
(supports EGA 16<oIor graptitcs)

? Apple II +/e/c (entianced sound fa Mocktngboard

A, BorC). ¡ö/

And At A Suggested Retail Of Only $39.95 (/

Wth Unique Mactiine-Specinc Gropliics and Sound ^

Enhiancements For; , ns(-^-

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? .?.¡ö:¡ö ?;.^:?-'-\j . ^.^o. u.^


mmTTi


?(0)il]t?[JT]l^S


January 1988 Vol. 6, No. 1


features


How to Buy a Modem for Your Commodore Todd Heimarck 18 *

A Buyer's Guide to Modems 24 *

Going Online ¡ª Getting in Touchi withi Some of the Best Commodore

Bulletin Boards Tom Netsel 26 *


reviews


AlternBte RBalfty ¡ª The Dungeon Neil Randall 36 64

Rainy Day Games David and Robin Minnick , 38 64

Word and Bert Couldn't Make Head or Tall of It Ervin Bobo 40 64

Dolphin DOS Art Hunklns 43 64

games

Delta War Brian Pike 46 64

Cats 'N' Dogs Fred Karg 50 64

education/home applications

Needlework Graphics Editor Barbara H. Schulak 32 64

Computing for Families: Robotics ¡ª The Real Robot Revolution Fred D'Ignazio 94 *


programming


Tile Paint for the 128 Paul W. Carlson 54 i28

Sound Manager Hubert Cross 62 64

Sprint II: A Compiler for the 64 Robert A. Stoerrte and David Penry 72 64

ScrollEdit: A Scrolling BASIC Editor David R. Vkn mgner 81 64

Condensed Font Richard Penn 83 128/64/+4/16

SpeedSeript Justified Larry D. Smith 64 128/64

Machine Language Programming: The Native Tongue Jim Butterfield , 86 *

BASIC for Beginners: Unstructured Programming Larry Cotton 68 *

Power BASIC; Three Pack Bob Lafferty 92 64


departments


The Editor's Notes Keith Ferreil 6 *

Gazette Feedback Editors and Readers 10 *

User Group Update Mickey McLean 48 *

Horizons: Structured Programming Todd Heimarck 90 *

The G?OS Column: Word Count Shawn K. Smith 95 64


program listings


How to Type In COMPUTEI'a Gazette Programs 124 *

The Automatic Proofreader 128 128/64

MLX 130 128/64

Advertisers Index 140 *


-General, 64=ComfnodorB 64, +4= Plus/4, 16= Commodore 16, 128= Commodore 128


COMWrfrs C/lifKriEis pu Wished moiilhly by COMCUTil Pubticatiims, Inc., 825 7[h Aveniuv New York, NV UIOIV USA. Phoiw: (212) 265-8360- Editorial offices .Ire located at 334
Wwt VVendoier Avenue, Greensboro, Nf 2740B. Domestic Subsciiplions; 12 issues. S34. I'OSTM ASTER: Send ,idiJrMS chjiigi-i lo COMPi!TC':i GAZETTE, P.O. lioK 10957, Des
Moines, lA 50340. Second class posta^^e paid ar Greensboro, MC 2740.^ Jnd additional mailing offict?s. Entire contents copvrij^ht ?t:)19SS bv COMPUTE Pttblicitions Inc AH richts
iwervpd, ISSN 0737- [1716. - ¡ö c -

OOMPUTB Publtcallont, Inc. ii pail 0( ABC Coniuimr Magarlnts, Int, nile of ihe ABC Publithing CompJnl?: ABC Publishing, rreiident, Hnhfil C Buiion- 1330 Avenue of Ihr
Amrrtras^ New York, .Mew York HlOli).


Commodore created something of a
stir at the recent Software Publish-
er's Association conference in Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts. In a
combination presentation /rap ses-
sion, Commodore executives ¡ª in-
cluding Chairman Irving Gould ¡ª
announced in no uncertain terms
that the company, for the first time
in a while, is on the move, and that
it knows exactly where that move-
ment is headed.

Commodore is after substantial
gains in the consumer, business, and
education markets. Marketing and
distribution have been revitalized. A
new initiative has been launched to
show educators the advantages of
Commodore products. Dormant for
a while in major media marketing.
Commodore is back this fall and
winter with a vengeance. Commo-
dore is going to let the public know
about its products. More important,
Commodore is letting the public
know it supports those products ¡ª
that the company has its eye once
more on being the number one con-
sumer choice for microcomputers.

That ambition is backed by a
significant amount of television ad-
vertising, not just for the new Ami-
gas, but also- ¡ª and tellingly ¡ª for the
64. According to Commodore's Gail
Wellington, more than a million 64s
were sold last year and the company
sees an equally bright market in the
year ahead. Television, print, and
point-of -purchase advertising cam-
paigns and promotions are being
launched to let consumers know
about the advantages of the 64. Nor
has the 128 market been over-
looked. The original 128 has now
transformed into the 128D (a 128
with a built-in disk drive). The 128
continues to sell well, and Commo-
dore remains committed to it.

This renewed markedng and
advertising thrust for the 64 is a re-
sponse, not only to ongoing con-
sumer demand for the computer,

6 COMPUTErs GazBtte January 195B


but also to the dynamic resurgence
of consumer interest in video-game
machines. The past 12 months have
seen Nintendo and Sega rack up
huge sales for their arcade-style
game machines, which play car-
tridge games and little more. It is to
Commodore's credit that the com-
pany is unwilling to let this market
slip completely into the hands of
limited game equipment.

Of course. Commodore has
other things on its mind as well.
You know, and we know, that the
64 is a far more powerful and versa-
tile machine than any dedicated
video-game device. So does Com-
modore. And the company is deter-
mined that this year the general
public will be aware as well. The
commercials for the 64 are planned
for Saturday mornings and after-
school hours ¡ª when the prime
gaming market is watching. That
market is going to get Commodore's
message loud and clear: For sophis-
ticated, exciting game play, the 64
remains a wise choice. The company
feels confident that more than a few
of those viewers ¡ª and their par-
ents¡ª will choose to buy a computer
rather than a simple game machine.

So what do those consumers
get if they buy a 64 or 128D rather
than a cartridge-oriented game ma-
chine? They get video games, cer-
tainly. In fact, they get a larger and
more varied selection of games than
are available for, perhaps, any other
machine. The fact that there are so
many different games for the 64 has
been on our minds a lot lately.

That's because we've been
working on a new project here,
COMPUTEI's Commodore 64 and 128
Buyer's Guide. Our goal has been to
assemble a valuable resource for all
64 and 128 owners. We set out to
put together a picture of the Com-
modore software and peripherals
universe ¡ª the programs and add-
on hardware, or most of them any-


way, that are available for the 64
and the 128. Such an encyclopedia,
we felt, is long overdue.

The number and variety of
programs and peripherals available
for the 64 and 128 are amazing,
even to those of us who have fol-
lowed these remarkable machines
for five years now. There are hun-
dreds of entertainment programs
alone. In fact, we found half a doz-
en or so separate categories of en-
tertainment software, each holding
dozens of different programs.
There are also hundreds of other
programs in categories that include
business applications, program-
mer's tools and user utilities, home
applications, graphics and music
packages, and educational software.

For Commodore 64 and 128
owners, there's never been such a
variety of programs and add-on
hardware. To help you sort out all
that's available, look for our buyer's
guide at your newsstand in late De-
cember. (There's additional ordering
information in this issue on page 87.)

As we head into the new year,
there are more reasons than ever to
be pleased that you own a 64 or 128,


Keith Terrell
Features Editor


5B5ff


^5^i^,


id I


1967 - Expanding Scenefy disk

coverage: East Ccast, Japan,
& Eurape


l-r-'i:;;j;j-_">7 7S


IMS- High-pw'onnancB Jet ngM

simulator ror the IBM,
Commodore 64, and Apple II
compulers {


^M?*^^^???^


^.


ilC (^iy! OH I 2-,t' iiifi^()?'n.-t !-? '

1979 - 3D graptiics applied to Iha

original FSl Flight Simulator tor
the new Apple II and THS-SO
computers ^


¡ö" ml


".^SB^* 1962/1 983 ? Microsoft Flight Simulator
.v.?3!53=^ i Flight Simulator II


^M^H


yiuuu.1


TJ!!''^i


19Bti'

Right Simulator II lorthe 68000

computers

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1977 - SubLOatC's 3D graphics

package in BASIC and MSaoo
ASMmbly Language


^T?¡öi*il


Some say our technology has helped us define the state of the art in flight simulation. We believe our ten years of dedicaUon

have gotten us where we are today.


wc^-


SubLOGlC's first black & white 3D graphics routines, developed in 1 977, paved the way for our introduction to flight simula-
tion and aerial combat gaming theory. Our second-generation Flight Simulator II was so well conceived that even we find it
difficult to improve upon. Jet's spectacular land and sea battle scenarios set another classic milestone in state-of-the-art
simulation gaming. Scenery concepts incorporated into SubLOGIC flight simulation products right from the start continue to
evolve as we introduce new, more beautifully detailed areas of ^e world to explore. And coming in 1 988 -a flight conti'ol yoke
for even more realism!


'>*,'.r-


We invite you to help us celebrate our first decade of success, and share in our anticipation of the next ten years to come.
SubLOGIC tenth-anniversaty promotional shirts and posters are available at your dealer or directiy from SubLOQlC. See your
dealer, or write or call us for more information.


?oafelJDGIC


713 Edgcbrootl Drivo

Champaign IL61B20

|I17|3S9M8aT(.|ei:2?M5

ORDER LINE: (800) 837-4983

|??pt In mnda,)


aft,v<.[i


LOGIC


COMPUTE!' Publicationsjnc.?

One of tne ABC Consumer Magaanes, Inc. ^^^


One of tne ABC Consumer Maga
A Coei'ol Crties/ABG. Inc. Company


Publisher
Edi1uri.ll Director
Managing Editor
Ajsocidtc Puhtisher


Willidcin Tynan
Rith.ird Mon*ifie!d
Kalhlpen MartiilL-k
Sflby S.ik'iii.in


Editor, COMPUTE!

and COMFUIEl's Ga/ette
Assistant Editors, COMPUTE!

and COMPUTEi's Caiette

Production Director

Editor, COMPUTE !'s Atari ST

Di^ & Mag^inf and

COMPUTE!'; PC M-iRaimc
Editor, CO.MPUTE!s Apple

Applications Magazine
Featun^ Editor
Technical Editor
Assistant Tedinical Editors
Assistant Editor, COMPUTE! 's

Atari ST Disk St MaRJiinc
Assistant Editor
Astist.tnt Fraturrs Editor
Programming Supef\'isfir
Editorial Programmers

Buyer's Guide Coordinator
Copy Editors

Edilorial Assistant
Submi?^sions Reviewer
ProgrammirvR Assistants
Executive Assistant
Administrative Assistant!

Receptionist
Associate Editors


Contfibuting Editor


Lance Ellm

Rhett Anderson, Randy Thompson,
Clifton Karnes
Tony Rotjorls


Tom R, H,illliill

Gregg Kti/er

Keifh TerTptl

On is R. Ctjwper

Dale McBane, |im Fuths

If Kid Heimartk

|ohn Sha{jfe

Tom Nt'lsel

P.ilnck [Virriih

Tim Vic I or, Tim Midkiff, William

Chin, George Miller

Carolint' Hanbri

Karen Uhlendorf, Karen Siepak, Jill

Champion, Lori Sonoski

Mickey McLean

Diiyid llensley

Tf<iy Tucker, Joyce Sides

Debi Nash

liilt.1 rk-ming. Iris Bfooks, Sybil Agee,

Claudia Earhail

Anila Armfretd

|im Biittcrfietd

Toronto, Canada

Fred D'l[!naziu

T, Lansinn, Ml

David Thornburg

Los Altos, CA

19 ill VVrlkinson


COMPUTEi's Book Division Editor
Assistant Editors

Programming Assistant
Director of National Sales


Stephen Levy

Tammie Taylor, Robert Bixby, Lynne

\\t>alherman

Ddvid rlrirance

Jusepb W, Hatther


Production Manager

Art Director

Assistant Art Director

Assistant Pfi?Iuc1ion Manager

Designer

Artists


Irrria Swain

In nice R. Farv

Lee Noel, Ir.

De Poller

Tony lacobson

Robin C.ise, Kim Potts, Stolty Billings


Typesetting

Terry Cash, Carole Dunlon

Illustrator

Harry Blair

Croup Adsvrtising Director/

Consumer Electronics

Advertising Director

Bernard |. Theob.ild, |r,

Production Coordinator

Kalhleon Ingram

Customer Service Manager

Diane Longo

lose Cruz

Individual Order Supervisor

Cassandra Green

William Tynan, Vici; Presitlent
Rictiard Mansfield, Vice President, Editorial Director
Richard |, Marirto, Vice Presidenl, Advertising Sales
llene Bersrjn Werner, Vice President, Production


Editorial Board

Richarr) Mansfield, Kathleen Martinek, Sell>y Bateman, Lance Elko, Tom R.

Halfhill, Stephen Levy

Robert 1 ock. Founder and Editorial Comulfant

COMPUTE! Publications. Inc. publishes:

COMPUTf! QOMPUTP. Booh COMFUTH's Ca^effe

COMPUTE'S Gazvtiv Diik COMPUTE','! Apple Applicaliom

COMPUTtl's Atari ST DM & Mugi/int COMPUTEi's PC Mignine

Editorial offices: 324 West Wenctover Avenue. Suite 2U0,

Greensboro, NC 2740fl
Corporate offices: 825 7th Avenue, New York, NY 10019

212-26S-a360
Individual Orders: 800-346-6767 (In NY 2U-8H7.BS251

(Single Copy) 10:00 AM- 12:30 PM; 1:30 PM-3:00 PM

Monday -Friday
Dealer Sales: BOOb3H-3B22 (In NY 212-e87-85f)6>

9 AM-S CM MiKidiiy-Friday

Sales Representatives
lerry Thompson
Lucille Dennis
Tom Link
Harr>' Blair

Address all advertising materials to:
K.llhleen Ingram, COMPUTEi's Ca^Ptt^'

324 WiiSt Weridovcr Ave.. Suile 200, Greensboro, NC 2740B


415-148-8222
41S-348-8222
212-315-1565
919-275-9809


Sales Offices

Northeast

Mid-Atlanlic

Southeast


212-315-1665
212-315-1665
919-275-9809


Sales Offices, Jules E. Thompson, Inc.

1290 Floivard Avenue, Suite 303, Builtngame, CA 'MOIO

Midwest 3 J 2-726-6047

Texas 713-7.11-2605

Pacific Northwest 415-348-8222

California 415-348-8222

Arizona 415-348-8222

Neiv Mexico 41 5- 348-8222

C:olorado 303-595-9299


ill I


Subscription Orders and inquiries

COMPUTEI'S GAZETTE

P.O. Box 10957, Des Moines, I A 50340

TOLL FREE
Subscription Order Line

1-800-727-6937

COMPUTEi's GAZETTE
Subscription Rates

(tl-lssue Year); LIS (one y-ear) S24- Canada, Mexico and Foreign Surface
Mail $30- [=oreign Air Mail $65-

The CfiMPuTfTs GAZETif subscnber list is made available to csrefully screened
Organi/.itions with a product or ser\'i<e which may be of interest to our readers.
If you prefer not lo receive such mailings, [ilease send an exact copy of your
subscription label lo: COM^UTt^s GA/tnt, PO- Box 10958, Des Moines, lA
5095tt. IrKliKle a note indicating yrmr preference to rereive or^ly your
subscript ton.

8 COMPUTE'S Gazaae January 1938


Aulhors of manuscripts warrant that .ill materials submitted lo CO.MI'Uft'^
ClA/l 1 EE are orifiinal materials with full ownership rij^ts resident in said
aulhors Hv stjbmillirif! .irlicles lo Cf)Mrult'\ GWU II. authors acknowledge
Ihal such niiitertid^, uf>on acceptance for publication, l>ecome the exclusive
pro|ierly of COMPUTl! Publicalions, Inc. No [Xirliort of ihis maaazine may be
reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire
conlenis copyright ? 1988 COMPUTEl Publicslions, Inc. Righls lo programs
developed and submitted by authors are explained in our aulhor contract. Un-
solicited materials not accepted for publication will be returned if author pro-
vides a self-addressed, slamjied envelope. Where programs are included in an
arlicle submission, a tajie or disk must accommny the submission, Mnteri list-
ings are ofilionaL bul helpful. Articles should be furnished as typed copy (up-
per and lowercase, ple.ise) with double s[jacinR, Each article [i.igf should bear
the litle 01 the article, date, and name of the author. COMPLTTE! Publications.
Int., assumes no liability for errors in articles or .itlverlisements. Opinions eN-
pressed by authors are not necessarily IhiHe of COMPLTTf! Publications, Inc.
COMPUTH! Publications assumes no responsibility for damages, delays, or fail-
ure of shipment in connection witfi authors' offer to make tape or disk copies
of programs published herein.

Commodore 64, Plus/4, 16, and 128 are trademarks of Commodore Business
Machines. Inc., .md/or Commodore Eleclronics Limited. Other th,in as an
indefwndent su[i[>Iier of quality information and services to osvners and users
of ComnUHloie produi Is, COMPUTE! t'iil)lications. Inc., Is in no way asso-
ciated with Commodore Bustnc'SS Macfiinc'S, Inc., or any of its subsidiaries.


-/


CAUFORNIAGAMES:


rxi


SUTEOFINTI


T: is?
¡ö :^v ? ¡ö ¡ö

"^ -*¡ö ^t alrft beach blanket bingo, :

These are radi- \

cal games. Games \

that take the j

honorable i

tradition of :

Summer l

Games'" I mid I

'^, Winter Games^ and World \

GamesT wax it down and load j

it on the roof. \

Try shredding the face of a ;

totally tubular wave. Join the i

airforce in a BMX bike race. :

Screech around on skates ¡ö

and then rocket off the

skateboard ramp.

You'll be plajdng
for sponsors like
'jQcean Pacific, NHS
^ anta Cruz, CASIO, Costa
"Bel Mar, Kawasaki, and
Spinjamnier. FQr trophies
and an overall championship.

So get air. Go crazy California games by,
Welcome to the state .


tji n iirh li ffut\i-I €4f' fh- Up u ?itli ) i 'ti r
up ilif-fr, ihnic/iii' Hir cntu-d-


of California.


EPYX


BOX FOR DETAIIS 0!V INSTANT WINNER CONTEST.


Editors and Readers


Do you have a question or a problem?
Have you discovered something that
could help other Commodore users? We
n>ant to hear from you. Write to
Gazette Feedback, COhiPUTErs Gazette,
P.O. Box S406, Greensboro, NC 27403.
We regret that, due to the volume of
mail received, we cannot respond indi-
vidually to programming questions.


Looking For A Database

1 would like to find some software
which will enable me to establish a re-
cord length of 82 characters containing
eight fields of varying length, I'd like to
be able to sort on some of these field
and print lists or address labels. If you
know of a supplier, 1 would appreciate
having a name, address, and telephone
number. I'm not a programmer and
have to depend on software I can buy.
Norman B. Somers

There are several commercial database
manager programs which would suit your
needs. They allow you to define a record
size; lypc in, modify, and delete infor-
mation; search and sort; ami print out the
results. Wc regret that we can't recom-
mend specific programs as being the best,
and there are too matiy database programs
to list here. If you ask other Commodore
users (at a user group or on a bulletin
board}, you'll probably get many different
suggestions about which database pro-
grams are good.


Redirecting Output

1 own a 64, a Datassette, and a printer.
My problem is that I don't know how to
get a printout of a program. I know the
printer does work because I use the
SpeedScript word processor,

Daniel J. Bierzonski

The command you need is CMD (Change
Main Device), which redirects computer
output from the screen to whichever de-
vice you've imiicatcd. After loading a pro-
gram into memory, type these lines in
direct mode:

OPEN 4,4: CMD 4: LIST
PRINT* 4: CLOSE 4

The first line opens channel 4 to de-
vice 4 (if you wish, you can add a secoiui-
ary address to take advantage of special

1 0 COMPU TBI's Gazetta J anuary 1 988


features built into your printer or inter-
face). The CMD command tells the com-
puter to send output to file 4 instead of to
the screen. The listing then appears on
your printer. The PRINTt^ command
sends a blank line to the printer. This tiot
only flushes the line buffer but also resets
the main device to the screen. Then you
close channel 4.


Listing The Directory

My question has undoubtedly been
asked before. For the sake of us who
haven't been Commodore owners very
long, maybe you could answer it one
more time. How do I get my Commo-
dore 1 28 to operate the printer outside a
program? For example, I get a directory
up on the screen and I want a printout.
Do I have to run a word processing pro-
gram and then load the directory?

Lin wood W, Crosby

Although you tiiay be accustomed to typing
DIRECTORY or CATALOG to see the di-
rectory, you jteed to load the directory into
memon/ to print it out. Type the following
lines in direct mode (with no line intmbers):

LOAD "$",B

OPEN 1,4: CMDl; LIST

PRINT#1: CLOSEI

The first line loads the directory,
U'hich appears in memory in the form of a
BASIC program. You can't run it, but you
can list it. The second line opens channel
one to the printer, changes the output de-
vice to channel one, and lists the pro-
gram¡ªor directory¡ª that's in memory.
See the previous question for tnore about
how CMD works.


Protection And Copyrights

One of my friends has Ihe habit of
backing up the GAZETTE disks before
running them, so that if something goes
awry, he'll still have the original. To his
surprise, upon trying to run his copy of
the July 1987 disk, the drive couldn't
seem to find anything but the directory!
He found checksum errors on several of
the tracks, apparently deliberately
placed there to prevent duplication of
the disk. How come? Have you run into
problems with mass duplication of the
disks or something?

My friends and I all subscribe to
GAZETTE, and we usually divide the


task of typing in the programs among
ourselves and pool the results, so none
of us will have to type all of them. Have
we been wrong in doing this? We
thought that as long as we each owned
a copy of the magazine from which the
programs were typed, we had your im-
plied permission to use them, whether
we individually typed them in or not.
Paul L. Baker

The GAZETTE Disk has never been copy-
protected, and we don't have any plans to
protect it in the future. It soitnds like your
friend received a disk that was either
physically or magnetically damaged.
We'll gladly replace damaged disks; call
the customer service number for details.

The programs and articles published
in compute: magazines and books and
the programs on accompanying disks are
covered by copyright, it's legal (and pru-
dent) to make backup copies for your own
use. As you said, if something should go
wrong with the copy, you always have the
original to fall back on.

It 's illegal to give away, sell, or oth-
erwise disseminate programs from our
publications. This means you may not
post our programs on bulletin boards and
telecotnmunications services. The pro-
grams we publish are not in the public do-
main; they're protected by copyright.

We do recognize that it takes time to
type in programs, liowever, so we don't
mind if one person (who has bought a
magazine or book) enters a program and
gives a copy to a second person who owns
the same issue. By buying the magazine,
you've bought the right to use the pro-
grams, whether you type them in yourself
or receive copies from someone else.

Formatting A Disk

1 don't know how to save a program to
a blank disk. I read somewhere that you
must format a disk before you can save
anything. If this is true, can you explain
how to do it?

Ron Chan

Channel 15 is Ihe disk command channel
through which you send commands, read
disk error messages, and commutiicate in
general with the disk drive. There are
three steps to formatting a disk; open the
command channel, send the format com-
mand, and close the disk chatmel. Here's
the long version:


Blast mad mages,
mutant rats, and
murderous monsters.
Explore mysterious
multi-level mazes.
Annihilate hordes of
ghosts, snappers, and
dervishes to claim
magical artifacts and
treasure. The action
won't stop until you
get to the bottom of it
all - and hand Calvrak
the Demon a one-way
ticket to oblivion.

GET YOUR

DEMON STALKERS

DEMO DISK!

Three wicked levels of manic
arcade action. Send your name,
address, and a check for $2 (to
cover shipping and handling)
to Demon Stalkers Demo
Disk, Electronic Arts Direct
Sales, P.O. Box 7530, San Mateo,
CA 94403,


Ipmmtmmmm
I tt^iii VAULTS iifnif :m hts^Aci;
I HVtl tH t\T nSiEJI VWIT5 TO


The cieepcr yuu ^u. [hu KfiriJft- il gL'tt. (Ywii ]nigiil

w^int to brin^slont; a ?ncE]<) {q h^^lp.) But cloti'l

wuil \il yciu find n Slaw t>tath ciinc to u?ic- the

Sb>t (cHme command:,


Scrolls givp ycm hintA. mfiji^r, and the- saffl ofihe

Marbia Vmblta. If you'd ratlurr, write w>me hUlocy

of your tm TL


Use thr Dunsi'^n ConAtruetiuJi Scl lo desigri your

own MniKi [li^fjtman: . . r and llitn innirl it on y<]iir

fticn^lK. \S'tth ovcf 2i*y dcrjiigr opdonit. Demon

Stfltkeix' hcuTorN can be m inl^rti'lf M

your ImaitiiuitLDii.


ELECTRONIC ARTS


?


TO PURCHASE DEMON STALKERS: Visit your retailer. Or call 800-245-4525 (in CA e(X)-5G2-lI12) between Sam and Tipm Pacific time, and place a
direct order on your MB.-itercard or VISA. Ororderby mail by sending a check, money order, or VI.SA/Ma.stercordmformation to the addres.'i above. C64
version is $29.95, plus $3 shipping and hiindlinK- CA residents add 6% sales tax.

Demon Sullwn U s tndomuk of Eloclionlc AiU, Commodsre Mi*! n^iwnid Iradcmiirii of CcDunodore Btulnm Machinm, I.ld.


OPEN 7,8,15

PRINT#7, "NEWOidiskftameM"

CLOSE 7

Type these lines in direct mode, toiih
!w Hue jjumbcrs. The OPEN command
takci three mtmbers. The first is the logi-
eat file (it can he any mimhev from I to
127). This file mnnher is tiwd later in the
PRINT# and CLOSE statements. The sec-
ond number is tite device (disk drives can
be device 8, 9, 10, or 11, but they're
usuaily device 8). The third is the channel,
which is 15 because we're sending a cotn-
mand. The PRINT? statement sends a
string to an open channel. In this case,
NEW tells the drive to format a netv disk.
Replace diskname with the name you
wish to give the disk, up to 16 characters
long. The disk name is followed by a com-
ma and the ID¡ª a ttiw-character identifi-
er for the disk. It's a good practice to use
different IDs for different disks. The
CWSE commatid closes the open file. For
a brand new disk, the ID is required. If the
disk was preuioiisly formatted, you can
save some time by omitting the ID.

Here's a shorter way to format a disk.
The name and ID are included on the
same line as the OPEN, and NEW is ab-
breviated to N:

OPEN15,8,15,"N0:rf?sil?(im(r,irf"
CLOSE IS


FORTRAN And COBOL For The 128

I am studying F'ORTRAN programming
at school, and I'd like to be able to run
my own programs at home. The prob-
lem is that 1 can't find any FORTRAN
compilers for my 128. Any help you can
give me in this area will be greatly
appreciated.

Stephen Webber

I am studying electrical engineering at a
university that uses FORTRAN, 1 own a
128 and a 1571, and I know that my
system is capable of handling FOR-
TRAN in its CP/M mode. Is there a
FORTRAN compiler available that I can
use with 128 CP/M?

Rauf Aslam

1 own a Commodore 128 computer, and
1 am looking for a good professional
COBOL compiler to work in the CP/M
mode. I have read many magazine arti-
cles that tell me there is a lot of CP/M
software available, but I can't seem to
find any. I've called Borland, the makers
of Turbo Pascal, and they say they don't
make a COBOL compiler. Can you
please toll me where 1 can get a COBOL
compiler for the 128's CP/M mode?

Jeff Teel

Elf IS Computing offers a CP/M version of
FORTRAN IV, called Nevada FOR-
TRAN, that works ven/ well with the
12$'s CP/M. You can use Nevada FOR-
TRAN with a one-drive system, but you'll

1Z COMPUWs Gazette January 1988


have to do some disk sieapping. You can
order Nevada FORTRAN for $49.95 from
Ellis Computing, 5655 Riggins Ct., Suite
10. Reno, NV 89502.

Another CP/M FORTRAN compiler
for the 128's CP/M mode is Microsoft's
FORTRAN-80. FORTRAN-80 is avail-
able for $39 from Public Domain Software
Copying, 33 Cold St., Ncio York, NY 10038.

There are two COBOL implementa-
tions available for the 128¡ª one for the
CP/M mode and one for the 1 28 mode. El-
lis Computing sells its own CP/M Neva-
da COBOL compiler, based on the ANSI-
74 standards, for $49.95 (see address
above).

There is also a COBOL interpreter
available for the 128 in its native mode
from Abacus Software. COBOL 123 is a
COBOL programming environment, com-
plete with editor, interpreter, and debug-
ger. You can order it from Abacus
Software, P.O. Box 7219, Grand Rapids,
Ml 49510, for $39.95.

Please note that in the 64 and 128
worlds, most language implementations
come with an integrated editor. This is not
true for CP/M, however. You'll need a
CP/M editor to create source files for your
compiler to translate. The line editor that
comes with the CP/M system (ED.COM)
is adequate for simple tasks, but for
heavy-duty editing, you'll want a more
sophisticated program.

Here are some other sources of CP/M
software:

First Osborne Group (FOG)
P.O. Box 3474
Daly City, CA 34015

Poseidon Electronics
103 Waverley Place
New York, NY lOOll

Micro Cornucopia
P.O. Box 223
Bend, OR 97709


Custom Messages On The 64

I have been looking tor a program 1 be-
lieve was published in COMPUTE! or
COMPUTEl's Gazette. The program cus-
tomized some of the 64's messages. It
also allowed you to change the spelling
of BASIC'S commands. Since I don't re-
member which magazine it was in, or
when it was published, can you help?
Gregory Bushta

All of the 64's messages are stored in Read
Only Memory (ROM). To change a mes-
sage, you must copy ROM to underlying
RAM^ switch out ROM, and then POKE
the ASCII characters for your neiv mes-
sages over the old ones. The first step,
copying BASIC ROM to RAM is simple:

FOR 1 = 40960 TO 49151:POKE
LPEEK(I):NEXT

77iis is a long FOR-NEXT loop and
may take half a minute. Next, switch out


BASIC ROM:

POKE 1,PEEK{1) AND 254

Now that the BASIC interpreter is
workitig out of RAM, enter and run the
following program:

10 MS$-"OK. ";MA = 41848
20 FOR 1-1 TO LEN(MSS);POKE
MA-(-I-l,ASC<MID$(MSS,I,l)):NEXT

MS$ IS the nau message, and MA is the ad-
dress of the original message in memory.

When run, the two-line program above
changes the familiar READY prompt to an
OK. As long as you know the address of a
message in memory, you can change it.
Because messages are stored sequentially
(one right after the other), your new mes-
sages must be less than or equal to the
origitial message in length. If the new
message is longer than the original, it will
"spill" over, destroying the start of the
next message in memory.

Using the same technique, it's possi-
ble to change the spelling of BASIC com-
mands. Because of the way BASIC searches
through the memory during its tokeniza-
tion process, you should always replace a
BASIC command with a command of the
same length. Also, unlike the READY
message, BASIC commands and error
messages are stored with the last charac-
ter's high bit set (the ASCII value plus
128). That's how the BASIC interpreter
detects the end of messages. So, to make
the program above ivork for BASIC com-
mands ami error messages, add this line:

30 POKE MA-I-LEN(MSS)-1,A5C
(RIGHT$(MSS,I?-fl28

Now, try some of the following
experiments.

Change RUN to COl:

10 MS$-"GOI":MA- 41157

Change STOP lo HALT:

10 MS$ = "HALT":MA -41183

Change FORMULA TOO COMPLEX to I'M
CONFUSED: 10 MSS^'TM
CONFUSED";MA-41709

As you can see, the key to changing
B4S/C messages is knowing the message's
original address in ROM. To find the ad-
dresses of other messages in memory, run
this program:

10 C-255:PRINT "ADDRESS

MESSAGE"
20 FOR AD-4ni9 TO 41767
30 IF 0127 THEN PRINT:PRINT AD,
40 C-PEEK(AD);PRINT CHRStC AND

127);
50 NEXT


Lotto Mania

I recently wrote a program to pick lot-
tery numbers at random for our state
lottery, but I'm having a problem with
it. In my state, there are two major lot-
tery games. One requires you to choose
six different numbers from 1 to 44; the


BOREDOM KILLERS

fl^^H Games that TERMINATE boredom. HH^^^

And hold your attention hostage.

Alien fighterships exploding into flaming wrecloge. Fire-breathing dragons

breathing down your neck. Suicide missions v\^ere the bad guy wouid rather die

than give up. It's the kind of action you don't have to wait around for.

And you can get it for less than you'd drop on a bad night at the arcade.

^ Introducing AMAZING SOFTWARE from Electronic Arts. .


ARCADE ACTION

blows you away.


3D GRAPHICS

suck you in.


SPECIAL EFFECTS

shock your senses.


Dragon s Lair^

tf Singe the dragon doesn't have Dirk fof dinner, the Lizard King will,
A spellbinding adaptation of the smash hit videodisc arcade game.


Delta Patrol-
Blast your way through s strange world of animated aliens,
foaming oceans, and sotar flares. The future of "shcxjt-em-ups.'


Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future

Stomach-wrenching tension as you fight your way to the evil Mekon,
It's a comic bcok come to life with arcade action that you control.


Sanxlon'-

Only courage and a strong thumb will get you to the Daritside.
High-speed 3-D action found only in the arcades, until now.


HOW TO OBDBR: Visit your relaBer or call 800-245-4525 (CALIF 800-562-1 112). Sugoested retail price for Dan
Dare, Sanxion, and Dalta is $19.95. Dragon's Lair Is $24 .K. Diract ordete add $3 shipping and handling. Or, send
check Of money order to: Eladronk; Ails Direct Sates, TO Box 7SX, San Mateo, CA. 94403, Draeon'a Lair oopyrigM
1983 Mag?com Inc. All rights reserved.


ELECTRONIC ARTS"


IWo-On-IWo Basketball Action

One-on-one is OK for a little practice, but real basketball is
a team sport To be really good at it you need all the skills -
passing, dribbling, shooting, stealing and reboimding. That's
what it takes to win a championship. That's what GBA Champion*
ship Basketball"^ IWo-on-TWo" delivers.
From the roar of the crowd to the swish of the net from slam
dimks to three-point shots, it's all here - fast and competitive.
Not only is there team action, but you can even compete in a
4-division, 23-teani league ~ all the way to the playoffs and the
GBA Championship game!

When you're ready to jump into the big leagues of computer
basketball, start with the game that begins where the others leave
off¡ª GBA Championship Basketball: 'I\ro-on-'nro.


Pbr Comoodore
&>, 126 and Amiga.
Apple llci lie, and
IlGS. Atari ST. IBM
PC, PCjr. Tandy
1000 and 100%
compatibles.


Apple nos

screen shown.


eoMsr/ui'^


TbDfder.rUUjnurlociU retillerorcill l-SOO-l^f-tiStK). CaOnttOdprc B4. 138 uid Ami ja Hretrndeniarka oCCofflmo<tore
Electronlci , Limited. Applt J& a IrAdcmiiTfc: of Apple Computer. Inc. Atari ST ia a trademark of AtiH CDrpontkiiL IdU PC
MHi PCJ r wr? trwSctnajica of Intenvatknul DusIaf ?.> MuJLioca Carporalioo. IknOy !¡ö >¡ö uvdEmarfc or Thnc^ Cpfporat^'^^


Look for specially marked SSMS^ff^
packages featuring an exclusive offer from
&nrts hlustrated.


14 COMPUW:s Gazette January 1968


Other, seven numbers from 1 to 38. Can
you show me how to do this?

Mark Pacetti

htiagine wriiing the nutiibers 1-44 on 44
slips of paper, tossing them into a box,
mixing them up, mid ilr awing six out.
That would be one way to randomly select
six numbers, with no duplicates.

The foUou.>itJg program randomli/ picks
six nutnbers in the range 1-44, using the
paper-in-the-hat technique. To have it
choose seven numbers from 1 to 38, set
LIMIT atid NUMBERS to 38 and 7, re-
speciivel^, in line 10.

Q'A 13 LIMIT'"44:NUMUERS=6:X=RND

(-TI)
HQ 20 DIM A(LIMIT)
OM 30 FOR 1=1 TO LIMlTsA(I)=I:

NEXT I: REM ASSIGN VALUES
TO A( }
CD 40 FOR 1 = 1 TO L1M1T!T=A{ I ) :

X=INT(RND(1)*LIMIT)+1: sA

(I )=A(X) :A<X)=TtNEXT I
PB 50 FOR 1=1 TO HUMBKRS: PRINT
A(I), jNEXT I

After seeding the random number
getierator in line 10, we create a numeric
array A containing the numbers 1-44 in
line 30. If you printed the first six num-
bers at this point, they would always be
1-6. Line 40 shuffles the array. Every
number in this array is swapped randomly
with another number in the array. In line
50, the first six numbers in the scrambled
array are printed.

This progratmning technique could
just as easily be adapted to select playing
cards from a deck at random. There are 52
cards in a standard deck. Each card could be
represented by a number from 1 to 52. So, to
pick six distinct cards from the deck, just
change LIMIT in the above routine to 52.


Two Single Drives Are Not A
Dual Drive

I have a 128 with a 1571 set up as de-
vice 8, and a 1541 set up as device 9.
When I try to back up a disk using
COPY DO TO Dl or BACKUP DO TO
Dl, it does not work correctly. Can you
tell me why?

Jack Craig

Your problem is that both the COPY and
BACKUP commands work with dual disk
drives only. Although the name may be
misleading, dual drive does not mean two
drives.

In your current setup, each of your
disk drives is considered a separate de-
vice¡ªone is device 8, and the other is 9,
Because each device contains only one
drive, both drives are considered drive 0.
A dual drive, on the other hand, is consid-
ered one device with two drives, num-
bered 0 and 1 . Physically, dual drives look
like two drives in one box. Unfortunately,
without changing the ROMs inside the
1541 or 1571, there is no way to make two


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ELECTRONIC ARTS?


separate drives into one dual drive: You
just cati't cotivince one of your disk drives
to take on the role of drive 1.

The two commands COPY and
BACKUP are really held over from the
days of liie PET, when dual drives were
common. Examples of dual drives are the
2040, 3040, 4040, and S050. Each increase
in model number reflects the increase in
DOS version, mechanical improvement,
and, in some cases, free disic space- These
drives, however, are no longer available
from Commodore. And even if you could
find one, they are not compatible ivilh the
Plus/4, 16, 64, or 128 unicssyou Stave the
proper IEEE interface cable.

If you want to take advantage of both
your drives, there is au exellent program
entitled UNICOPY, found on the 1571
Test /Demo disk that came with your disk
drive. This program copies disks or files
using two disk drives.


Vanquishing Noisi?

I have a problem downloading files
from bulletin boards. I don't know
which downloading protocol to select,
and I don't know how tiiey work. What
is the best downloading protocol? 1
have a 64 and a 1660 modem.

Paul Carey

First, a few words about wlty downloading
protocols are necessary and how they
work. Imagine that you're talking to some-
one. If the txvo of you arc standing ten feet
apart in a ipiiet place, both of you will
hear clearly. If you're 200 feet apart, you
probably won't. In a crowded room, other
conversations and background noise could
interfere with your own conversation.

When you're downloading a pro-
gram, fading signals, static, noise, and
glitches in transmission or reception can
introduce errors in the file you're down-
loading. A success rate of 19,999 out of
20,000 isn't good enough, just one faulty
character can spell the difference hetiveen
a program that works and one that doesn't.
Transfer protocols were invented to thwart
such problems.

A downloading protocol defines a
Standard method for accurately transfer-
ring data be twee) I one computer and an-
other. The sending computer transmits a
block of bytes followed iry a checksum,
which is tlie result of adding, tntiltiplying,
or otherwise manipulating the data from
the iflock just sent (both programs wse the
same formula). The receiving computer
double checks tlie data against the check-
sum. If for some reason, the checksums
don't match, the receiving computer sends
a message that means try again. Other-
wise, it sends a message that means send
the next block. The idea is very similar to
the checksums used in "Automatic Proof-
reader" and "MLX" programs in COM-
PU'lEI's Gazette.

Within the microcomputer world, the

16 COMPUTErs GaieUe January 1988


most popular dotonloading protocol is
Xmodem, which is sometimes called
Cliristenson protocol (after its inventor.
Ward Cliristenson). You may encounter
two variations of Xmodem: the original
Checksum and the neiver Cyclic Redun-
dancy Checksum (CRC). The CRC version
of Xmodem is slightly better than the
Checksum version, but imth are reliable.
Many terminal programs (and BBSs) start
by checking for CRC and then switch to
Checksum if CRC fails.

A second popular file transfer protocol
is Pimter, named for its creator, Steve Punt-
er. Like Xmodem, it comes in two versions.
Punier protocol is Commodore-specific.

Most national telecommunications
services (including CotnpuServe, GEnie,
Delphi, and The Source) support Xmodem
transfers. QuantumLink uses its own pro-
prietary protocol and terminal program.
Most BBSs support either Xmodem or
Punter, Occasionally, you'll run across
other protocols, but Xmodem and Punter
are the two most popular.

Which protocol is the best? There are
ways to prove mathematically that certain
systems are more accurate and less likely
to fail. The CRC version of Xmodem is
siigiUiy better than the original checksum
version, for exatnple. Most of the lime, tite
question of accuracy is moot, however.
The best protocol to use is the one the sy-
sop of the BBS offers. If you're on an Xmo-
dem board, that's the protocol to use.


Duplicating Disk Errors

While saving or editing data with a
commercial database, 1 sometimes sud-
denly get a 20, Kl: AD, 4, 1 error (I'm not
sure about the last two numbers). I have
no idea how to read this information or
how to correct the error. How can 1 fix it
or avoid this error? Right now I am
making backups after 30 minutes of en-
tering data. Then when I run into the
error, 1 UKe a commercial disk-copying
program and start over. Unfortunately,
1 lose up to 30 minutes of work.

Jack D. Devine

The disk error 20, f<EAD, 4, 1 means you
have an read error number 20 on track 4,
sector I. (For most disk errors, the last two
numbers indicate the track and sector
tvhere the disk failed.) It's likely that your
disk has been damaged, either acci-
dentally or on purpose.

Because it's illegal to sell (or give
away) copies of copyrighted programs,
some software companies deliberately put
errors on their disks and then have the
program check for the existence of a bad
sector. Tliis prevents some people from
tnaking copies. But it's legal to make per-
sonal backups for your own use, so there
are copying programs that detect and
faithfully reproduce most disk errors.

Unfortunately, the disk-copying pro-
gram you used will duplicate an entire


disk, including errors. Each time you back
up the disk, you're copying the bad sector.
It's inevitable tlrat you'll see the error 20
again and again, as long as you continue
to make copies of the bad disk.

The read error migiil be a result of a
physically damaged disk, in which case
you should throw out the bad disk. Or, if
you copied the original program disk, it
may betltal the error 2vas part of the copy-
protection scheme. When using commer-
cial software such as a database, you
shouldn't save the data to the same disk as
the program. Format a new disk and use it
for data only.

You'll need to copy the data files over
to a new disk without copying the bad sec-
tor. If the database program has a backup
option (or if it saves the entire file), you
could do it that way. A file -copying pro-
gram¡ª one that doesn't duplicate entire
iiisks^might work; too.


The Shift Flag

In a program I'm writing, I need to de-
tect when the CTRL and Commodore
keys are pressed. Is there some location
1 can PEEK for this?

Eric Campbell

All eight-bit Commodore machines have
an address known as SHFLAG (location
211 on the 128, 653 on the 64, and 1347 on
tlie Plus/4 and 16). SHFLAG tells you
when one or more of the shift keys (SHIFT,
CTRL, or Commodore) is being pressed.
Ordinarily, this address contains a zero, A
value of I signifies that one of the two
SHIFT keys¡ª or tIte SHIFT lOCK key¡ª is
being pressed; a 2 indicates the Commo-
dore logo key is down; and a 4 tells you tlie
CTRL key is being pressed. On the 128,
this address detects two additional key-
presses. An 8 indicates the ALT key is
pressed; a 1 6 means CAPS LOCK is down.

The values in SHFLAG are cumula-
tive. For example, if you press the CTRL
and Commodore keys at the same time,
PEEKing SHFLAG returns a 6.

The following short program demon-
strates this effect. Run it and then press
different shift keys, alone or in combina-
tion. The value in SHFLAG, depending on
the keys you press, will print repeatedly to
the screen.

IW 10 SHF1AG=65 3:REM S11PLAG = 31
1 ON TiiE 128, 134 7 ON TH
H PLUS 4/16

FA 20 PRINT PEKK(SHFLAG) :G0T02

0 m


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ELECTRONIC ARTS?


How To Buy A Modem
For Your Commodore


TcxJd Heimarck, Assistant Editor


Ask yourself two questions before
buying a modem (modulator/de-
modulator). First, how much do
you want to spend? Second, do you
want a Commodore-compatible mo-
dem or a standard RS-232 modem?

Almost all 300-baud modems
are priced under $100, while 1200-
baud modems can cost as much as
$250 or more. (The baud rate mea-
sures how fast the modem sends
data over the phone lines; 1200 is
four times faster than 300.) At the
low end of the price spectrum, you
may find inexpensive modems for
$20 (300 baud) or $90 (1200 baud).
Discount modems are often less ex-
pensive because a company has
gone out of business, or because a
certain line has been discondnued.
The quality of such modems is not
necessarily any worse, but the war-
ranty (and manufacturer's support)
might be lacking,

A Commodore-compatible
modem plugs directly into the mo-
dem port on the back of a 64, 1 28,
or other eight-bit Commodore com-
puter. While a standard RS-232
modem will work as is with most
microcomputers¡ª say, an IBM or
Amiga ¡ª it requires a separate inter-
face if you're on a 64 or 128.

Extra Charges

If price is the most important con-
sideration, you might think that a
300-baud modem is obviously less
expensive than a 1200-baud mo-
dem. But that's not necessarily true.
Over a period of months, you might
actually save money if you choose
1200 baud.

The baud rate of a modem tells
you how fast it sends data over the

ta COMPUTEIS Gazene January 1988


phone lines. To be technically accu-
rate, we should talk about bits per
second (bps) instead of baud. In
practice, however, the two terms are
used interchangeably. A 1200-baud
modem is four times faster than a
300-baud modem: roughly 120
bytes per second (7K per minute)
versus approximately 30 (2K per
minute). When you use a faster mo-
dem, you spend less time down-
loading files. {Downloading is a
process where you receive a pro-
gram or other file. Uploading is the
opposite: sending a program to an-
other computer.)

Once you buy a modem, you'll
be calling local bulletin board sys-
tems (BBS's) or national telecom-
munications services, such as
CompuServe, QuantumUnk, GEnie,
Delphi, and The Source. If you live
in a medium-sized or large city,
you'll probably be able to find at
least a few BBS's you can call free.
They don't have to be Commodore
boards; you can use a 64 to connect
with any type of BBS.

If you call BBS's outside of
your area code, the long-distance
charges will be charged at the usual
rate (the telephone can't tell if
you're talking or telecommunica-
dng, and there's no extra charge for
using a modem). If you join a na-
tional service, you'll generally be
given a local phone number to call.
You don't pay for a long-distance
connection to the telecommunica-
tions service, but you usually pay a
connect fee that's based on the time
you spend online.

Let's say you're paying a flat
connect fee of $6 per hour, which
translates to $1 every ten minutes.


There's an adventure game you
want to download from the nation-
al service, but it's fairly long. At a
speed of 300 baud, it would take 20
minutes, but at 1200 baud, the file
transfer is four times faster ¡ª only
five minutes. The price difference is
two dollars for the less expensive
modem against 50 cents for the
faster, more expensive one. Over a
period of time, the dollars add up,
whether you're paying for connect
time or for long-distance calls.

In addition to the programs
that are available, most BBS's and
nadonal services also have a mes-
sage area where you can leave pri-
vate notes to other members or join
in public discussions. If you read
messages and compose replies on-
line, 1200 baud isn't any faster than
300 baud. The speed limit is your
typing ability. Even if you type an
incredible 100 words per minute,
you're still only sending bits at the
relatively slow rate of about 50
baud. A message that takes you five
minutes to write will take five min-
utes to write, regardless of how fast
the modem is running. It's possible,
however, to write messages offline
with a word processor, and then
electronically mail them (at either
300 or 1200 baud), in which case
1200 baud would be faster and less
expensive.

The initial price of the modem
is a one-time expense. If you choose
a less expensive 300-baud model
and spend a lot of time download-
ing, you may end up paying more
for connect fees and long-distance
bills. A 1200-baud modem isn't al-
ways more economical, however. If
you limit your calls to local BBS's or


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Commodore is a registered 1rademarl< ol Commnriore Internatiortal


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litany other Wizardry sceriarios coming for Commodore players.


spend most of your time reading
and replying to messages, 300 baud
wouldn't cost any more than 1200.
Nearly every 1200-baud mo-
dem can operate at either speed. If
you call a BBS that's 300 only, some
1200-baud modems will automad-
cally slow down to 300. With oth-
ers, you'll have to flip a switch or
send a command from the terminal
program.

Compatible Or Not?

In the microcomputer world, the ac-
cepted standard for modem cables
and connectors is called RS-232. The
RS-232 port on a 64 or 128 does not
operate according to the standard.
The voltages are different. To use a
standard modem with a Commo-
dore, you must hook up a Commo-
dore RS-232 interface that handles
the voltage conversion. The inter-
face adds a few dollars ($20-$50) to
the price of the system.

Certain modems, especially
Commodore's own brands, use
Commodore's nonstandard RS-232
configuradon. In the accompanying
buyer's guide, if the modem is list-
ed as Commodore-compatible, it
means you don't need an additional
interface. Such modems plug di-
rectly into the modem port.

Standard RS-232 modems
work on almost all computers; Com-
modore-compatible modems work
only on eight-bit Commodores
(VIC, 64, and 128, but not the
Amiga). If you think you might
someday buy another computer ¡ª
an IBM, Amiga, ST, Macintosh, or
whatever ¡ª or if you already own a
second computer, you should con-
sider buying a standard Hayes-com-
patible RS-232 modem. If you're
paying $200 for a good modem, you
might as well insure that it's com-
patible with other computers you
may own in the future. If a new
computer is not on the horizon and
you're interested in saving money,
Commodore-compatible modems
are generally less expensive.

Termmal Programs

Disregarding the difference be-
tween 300 and 1200 baud and the
voltage difference between Com-
modore and RS-232 plugs, most
modems have very similar features,
A modem's basic task is to convert
data from the computer into whis-
tling tones that travel over the

20 COMPUTE! s Gazelle January 1988


phone lines, and vice versa.

The single factor that makes
telecommunications easy or diffi-
cult for the new user is the terminal
program, which handles input and
output from the modem. A bare
bones terminal program does two
things: It figures out which charac-
ters you typed, sending them out
over the phone lines, and it figures
out the inconrdng characters, print-
ing them on the screen. Most termi-
nal programs also have features for
dialing numbers, picking up the
phone, hanging up, translating be-
tween Commodore ASCII and true
ASCII, and so on. A good terminal
program also supports one or more
transfer protocols, such as Xmodem
or Punter. (A transfer protocol is a
way to insure that a session of up-
loading or downloading is error free.)

When you buy a modem,
you'll often receive a free terminal
program in the package, which
means you can start telecommuni-
cating immediately. Companies
that manufacture modems are not
always very good at writing soft-
ware. The terminal program you re-


ceive free may be good or bad. But
that doesn't really matter, because
there are many excellent terminal
programs available commercially
and in the public domain. Public-
domain terminal software can be
found at local user groups, on
BBS's, and on national services. In
addition to the program, be sure to
download any documentation files
that explain the various commands.
If you happen to receive a less-
than-adequate terminal program,
you can usually use it to download
a more powerful, full-featured
program.

Before you buy a modem, con-
sider the two questions of price and
compatibility. Commodore-com-
patible 300-baud modems are less
expensive, but a standard RS-232
1200-baud modem might save
money in the long run. After you've
decided on a modem, try out a few
terminal programs to see which one
best suits your needs. You'll soon
be calling BBS's and telecommuni-
cations services, downloading new
programs, and meeting new people.


Terms And Definitions

Here's a short explanation of the terms used in describing modems.

Compatibiliti/ and Interface. Commodore-compatible modems plug
directly into the computer through the user port. Modems with an
RS-232 port connector require an interface, since Commodore com-
puters have a nonstandard RS-232 port.

Baud Rate. Baud rate measures the speed of transmission in bits per
second. Normally, the higher the baud rate, the more the modem
vrill cost initially.

Auto-answer and Auto-dial. Auto-answer modems can automatically
answer incoming calls and receive data. Auto-dial modems can auto-
matically dial a telephone number and connect to another computer.

Self-test. Can the modem check itself to see if everything is working
and connected properly?

Carrier Detection Indicator. An indicator, usually in the form of a
light-emitting diode (LED), this signals when the modem has con-
nected or disconnected with another computer.

Power Supply and Cables/Connectors. Modems derive their power
from a standard AC outlet, an internal battery, or directly from the
computer. Some modems are packaged with the cables or telephone
cords needed to hook it up to the computer.

Terminal Software. Some modems have telecommunications software
included in the package. In the Buyer's Guide, ]fe$ means there is
Commodore-compatible terminal software; MS-DOS means the soft-
ware included will operate only on MS-DOS machines; and no signi-
fies that there is no software included.


IIU


MARI 8-Bit

commimv.

64/128


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reality and create sword- and- sorcery fantasy adventures and
science- Be ti on battles.

If you get tired of designing, we've thoughtfully
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High-speed 3D animated graphics, courtesy of Sub-
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ThunderChopper is available on
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Advanced Computer Technology, Worcester- .>^?
Providence Turnpike, Sutton, MA 01527 ^^

Anchor Automation, Inc., 6913 Valjean Ave,, Van
Nuys, CA 91406

Aprotek, 1071 -A Avenida Acaso, Camarillo, CA
93010

Commodore Business Mactiines, 1200 Wilson Dr.,
West Chester, PA 19380


Everett/ Charles Marketing, 6101 Cherry Ave-^Vvj
Fontana, CA 92335 ' X?

Everex Systems, Inc., 48431 Milmoiit Dr., Fremont,
CA 94538

Hayes Microcomputer Products, P.O. Box 1052[)3,
Atlanta, GA 30348

HoIoHnk Technology Corporation, 151 S. 9th Av^
Suite K, Citv of Industry, CA 91746


Incomm, Distributed by Everett/Charles Marketing;,
Services, Inc., 6101 Cherry Ave., Fontana, CA 9233$^

Inmac, 470 Mercury Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94086

Mitsuba, Distributed by Everett/Charles Marketing
Services, Inc., 6101 Cherry Ave., Fontana, CA 92335


Qubic, 507 Calle San Pablo, Camarillo, CA 93010

Standard PC Industries, 21751 West Nine Mile Rd^
Suite 141, Southfield, Ml

Supra Corporation, 1133 Commercial Way, Alban'
OR 97321

Tandata Marketing Ltd., Albert Road North, SSSSB

Malvern, Worcs WR14 2TL, England. Distributed bj^SSg
U.S. Telecom Inc., 315 Greenwich St., New York,
NY 10013

Touchbase Systems, 160 Laurel Ave., Northpotfc
NY 11768 ;:^

U.S. Robotics, glOO N, McCormick Blvd., Skokie,
60076

Universal Data Systems, 5000 Bradford Dr., Hunts-
vilte, AL 35805

Ven-Tel Modems, 2121 Zanker Rd., San Jose, CA
95131


COMPUTE'S Gazetle January t988 Z5


Going Online

Getting In Touch With Some Of
The Best Commodore Bulletin Boards


Tom Netsel, Assistant Features Editor


There's a whole world of computer entertainment and educa-
tion just a telephone call away. Have your Commodore dial an
electronic bulletin board and you can read messages, check
items for sale, and even play games with a computer across
town or across the country. But the best part is all the free
software you can have for the asking.

GAZETTE surveyed the Commodore telecommunicatiorjs
community to find out which BBS's were cotisidered the finest
overall. Here's how to go online ¡ª with a list of the boards you
might want to try first.


Read any good bulletin boards late-
ly? If you're restricting yourself to
the traditional cork-and-thunnbtack
bulletin boards in your neighbor-
hood, you're missing out on a lot.
Even a bulletin board at a library ¡ª
which at least is close to material
you can check out and take home
for perusal at your leisure ¡ª can't
compare with the world of elec-
tronic bulletin board systems
(BBS's). The boards you reach with
your computer can put you in touch
with interesting people, innovative
and oudandish ideas, and fine art.
And, perhaps best of all, BBS's are
loaded with software you're wel-
come to download and use.

Some BBS's are run by com-
puter stores or user groups, but the
majority are set up by individuals
called system operators ¡ª sysops ¡ª
who run the boards as an extension
of their interest in computers. Sy-
sops set up hardware and software
to answer the phone and allow
your computer to contact theirs.
BBS programs actually run the sys-
tem¡ª the sysop need not even be at
home for callers to browse through
his or her board's offerings.

The ability to receive (down-
load) free programs is the most

26 COMPUTE! s Gaietw January 1988


popular reason for calling bulletin
boards, but most boards offer more
than just programs. Like a conven-
tional bulletin board at a supermar-
ket, most BBS's will let you read
and reply to messages posted by
other users and leave messages of
your own. On a BBS, however, you
can leave a note for a specific per-
son and no one else can read it. You
can play online games, add creative
comments to ongoing epics being
written by other callers, order prod-
ucts for sale, or chat with the sysop
via your keyboard. A BBS can even
help you get a date.

What's In A Name?

A board's name often provides in-
sight into its character. Users who
call Loonie Land probably do not
leave messages questioning the
meaning of life. If you call Lawyers
Linked in New York City there is a
good chance you will see items per-
taining to the bar, but not the same
type of bar featured at The Wine
Rack in Arlington, Virginia. And
Bif's Bar & Grill in Lodi, California,
is completely different from either
of them. Comm-Adorers BBS, Flash-
backs, the Postman's BBS, the Dark
Side, Dragon's Lair, and Ground


Zero are the names of just a few of
the more than 1000 BBS's around
the country.

Modems

In order to contact or log on to a bul-
letin board system, you will need a
modem. Calls to several Commo-
dore user groups revealed the num-
ber of members who own modems
ranged between 1 1 and 68 percent.
Like the cost of other computer
hardware, modem prices have fallen
dramatically in the past few years.
Features that once cost several hun-
dred dollars can now be found on
models selling for a fraction of that
amount. {For more information
about modems, see "How to Buy a
Modem for Your Commodore" else-
where in this issue.)

Software

In addition to a modem, you'll need
telecommunications software before
you can start calling BBS's. These
terminal programs usually come with
your modem, but quality may range
from great to terrible. After you be-
come familiar with telecomputing,
you'll be able to deride whether an-
other terminal program might better
suit your needs.

Many excellent terminal pro-
grams are in the public domain and
can be found on bulletin boards.
Copies also can be obtained from
Commodore user groups.

Logging On

When you call a BBS, you'll be
greeted by a message that tells you
the name of the board and some-
thing about it. Then you may be
asked for your name and a pass-


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UTILITIES

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PAPERCLIP II

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PAPERCLIP III

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SUPERSCRIPT 128

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TERM PAPER WRITER

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1 $49,95

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word. If it's your first call, you won't
have a password. The BBS should
tell you to type the word Neii' or
Guest or something similar until you
have registered with the system.

Some boards lot new users
browse through their offerings with-
out asking them to register. If you
Uke what you see, you can register
before hanging up. Other boards
v*rant your name and address right
away. Some callers like to use
pseudonyms, or handles, but sysops
generally prefer knowing who is on
their board. So give your real name
when you register. The system may
later permit you to use a handle.

In most cases, you will be asked
to select a password. This secret
word will let you log on to the sys-
tem in the future, permitting you to
receive and delete your personal
messages.

Uploading And Downloading

BBS's hold lots of information that
you may want to keep, as well as
software you may want to try. Your
terminal software should allow you
to capture and save the information
that appears on your screen. At 1 200
bits per second (bps) the text may fly
across the screen faster than you can
read. Don't try to keep up. By cap-
turing the information in a buffer, it
can be saved and sent to your moni-
tor or printer for reading later.

Information about capturing
text or downloading a program can
be found in the documentation sup-
plied with your terminal software.
The BBS usually provides other
downloading information you may
need. There usually is a directory of
all the games, utilities, telecommu-
nications programs, and other pro-
grams that are offered. Some boards
offer more than 1000 programs, so it
is a good idea to save the list rather
than read through it online.

Some sysops request a small
fee before allowing callers full ac-
cess to the downloading section of
their boards. Others require that a
disk of programs be mailed to them
first. Most operators simply ask that
you send (upload) a program in ex-
change for downloading several of
the board's. Even if there are no re-
strictions, remember that telecom-
municating is a two-way street.
Information needs to flow both
ways. If you have written a pro-
gram, or if you have a noncopy-

30 COMPUTEl's GaieRo January 19B8


righted game or utility, most BBS's
will welcome you if you are willing
to upload a copy.

Calling All Brands

A bulletin board does not have to be
running on a Commodore for you to
call it. Your computer doesn't care
which brand of computer answers
the phone. You can still read files,
leave messages, and add your two
cents' worth of comments.

Many boards have sections re-
served for specific computers. You
may call an Atari board and find
special interest groups (SIGS) pro-
viding programs and information
for IBM, Apple, and other ma-
chines. Sysops of these boards
often depend on Commodore call-
ers and assistant sysops to provide
the programs for downloading to
other Commodore users.

Messages

Another popular feature on boards
is the message center. If you have a
question about a certain piece of
hardware or software, if you want
to discuss politics, or if you want to
sell your old plain-vanilla modem
and buy a super-deluxe model, you
can leave a message on most boards
and expect to find replies in a day or
two. Most boards have message
bases for items of general interest,
computer interest, and areas of spe-
cial interest. If you have an interest
in amateur radio^ science fiction, or
some other hobby, look for your
SIG on a board's menu.

You can find messages pertain-
ing to items for sale, humor, philos-
ophy, teenage topics, adult-only
topics, or any other area of interest
to its users. If enough callers ex-
press an interest in a certain field,
the sysop will probably allot space
for it. Many BBS's have several disk
drives, including hard drives that
can hold millions of bytes of infor-
mation; on such boards there's
room for plenty of interests.

Number, Please

Check with local user groups for
BBS's in your area. Often clubs op-
erate their own boards. Other users
are a good source for telephone
numbers of interesting boards, and
BBS's often have listings of other
boards. You should be aware that
BBS's tend to start up and disappear
with little or no notice. Don't be too


surprised if your favorite board is
suddenly gone one day.

Sofstar Services

One prime source of BBS telephone
numbers is Sofstar Services Bulletin
Board System, operated by Robert
Manis in Hilton Head, South Caro-
lina. Sofstar, which runs on an IBM
PC with a 30-megabyte hard drive,
can be reached 24 hours a day at
(803) 686-5978, and supports mo-
dems operating at 300, 1200, or
2400 bps.

When you call Manis's BBS, a
message informs you that Sofstar
supports IBM's and IBM-compatible
computers only. There are no pro-
grams available for downloading to
other computers, but you still can
access the message system and the
text files.

Manis edits a newsletter for sy-
sops and tries to keep track of
which boards are up and which
have ceased operation. His board
has a listing of hundreds of BBS's,
You can search for them by request-
ing the state or area code. This is the
time to make certain your terminal
program will capture the incoming
text, because you'll want to save all
the numbers Sofstar can provide.

The Embassy Online

If you're looking for interesting
BBS's in the New York City area,
you'll probably come aaoss several
telephone numbers for a BBS called
The Embassy Online. Even if you're
not in New York, this board is still
worth a call.

Most bulletin boards are oper-
ated by individuals on their person-
al computers at home. This board is
running on a Hewlett Packard 3000
Series III, which has 2 megabytes of
core memory and another 256 mega-
bytes of online storage. The Big Ap-
ple Users Group, the Columbia
University Macintosh Users, and
other volunteers formed a nonprof-
it group called the Dorsai Embassy
to run the system.

Jack Brooks oversees opera-
tions, but he has help from volun-
teers who manage the Commodore,
IBM, Apple, and CP/M sections.
Alex Rodriguez is the Commodore
section manager. Embassy has six
telephone lines for computers, plus
a voice line, and supports forums,
electronic mail, conferencing, online
games, plus uploading and down-


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loading of public domain software.

Bulletin boards usually impose
time restrictions on callers, and
may limit the number of down-
loads. Brooks says that Embassy
Online is different. "I want to stress
that we have no upload/download
ratio. Callers are free to download
all they want, and we place no time
restrictions on anyone."

If you call Embassy Online, be
prepared to stay a while. Its main
menu begins with only seven
choices, but soon branches into
hundreds of interesting areas.

Callers may read or leave mes-
sages in any of these areas, ranging
from the General Message Base to
the Space Frontier Society. If you
would like to try your hand at team
poetry writing, drop a message off
on the KuUcha board, (where cul-
ture is spelled with a New York ac-
cent). One person starts a sonnet
and then turns it over to the others
to finish. The results may not chal-
lenge Shakespeare, but they can be
amusing, Brooks said.

Downloads can be found un-
der the following categories: utili-
ties, games, communications, music,
disk utilities, science, and recent
uploads. When you decide on a
type of program, you will be pre-
sented with several screens listing
the program's name, its size, the
date it was made available, and a
brief des crip don.

If you are not satisfied with
your current terminal program, ac-
cess the communications down-
loads. There you will find a choice
of at least eight terminal programs
you may want to try, including a
couple designed specifically for the
128. One program called THIRD
,PRG is billed as the best public do-
main terminal program for the 64.

If you think you can outwit the
computer or other callers, try the
Online Games section. You should
find at least ten games running on
the HP mainframe that will give you
a run for your money ¡ª or your life.

If your modem is running at
300 bps. Embassy Online can be
reached by calling area code 212
and any of these numbers: 431-
1944, 431-1948, or 966-6406. Mo-
dems operating at 2400 bps should
call the same area code and either
925-8231 or 966-4653. If you are
using 1200 bps, you may call any of
the numbers listed.


ARB BBS

Arthur Brock, who lives in Lang-
home, Pennsylvania, has written
his own Commodore BBS program
that he calls "ARB." The program
has found favor with other sysops,
and now there are a number of ARB
boards that form a network across
the country. His board can be
reached 24 hours a day, 300 or 1200
bps, at (215) 752-7841. He also of-
fers a voice line if you need special
help or information. That number is
listed on your screen when you call
his BBS.

His modified Commodore has
several disk drives attached, includ-
ing Xetec's 20-megabyte Lt. Kernal
hard drive. Brock said that space is
filled with an estimated 1500 files
for downloading.

The board offers many of the
same features found on other sys-
tems: messages, downloads, games,
and at least a dozen different sub-
boards listing the numbers of other
BBS's. Brock also has a section that
puts the Commodore's color and
graphics capabilities to fine use.
Make sure your terminal program is
capable of displaying color graphics
or all you will see is a screenful of
strange characters.

A file called the Drawing Board
challenges callers to design their
own graphics and add them to the
board. Other files in this section de-
pict U.S. and Soviet arm wresders
in competition, a superhero rescu-
ing a kidnapped woman, and other
constantly changing color files.
Brock's board provides detailed in-
structions for terminal programs
using Commodore transfer proto-
cols. Once again, be prepared to
save the directories of games, utili-
ties, and documents. They fill at
least 11 disks on the menu.

Harbor Lights

When you dial (207) 967-3719 with
your 300- or 1200-baud modem
(baud is equivalent to bps), a mes-
sage informs you that "You are sail-
ing toward the Southern Cross ..."
and have arrived at Harbor Lights,
Rick Lembroe's BBS in Kennebunk-
port, Maine.

If the main menu seems famil-
iar, it is because Lembree's board is
running an ARB system from
Arthur Brock. Harbor Lights also
supports a color graphics section
that allows Commodore users to


put their artistic talents on disk for
others to admire, alter, or obliterate.
You may also add your comments
to a user-supplied bulletin board
listing, story board, opinion poll,
trivia quiz, war room, or ramblings
by users called Dumb Liners.

Lembree's 64 has a couple of
1541 disk drives, plus two Commo-
dore SFD-1001 drives that each
have a megabyte of storage. Access
may be limited if you are a new
user, so check the bulletins when
you apply for registration.

If you get tired of sitting
hunched over a keyboard night after
night, you may be in need of a little
human companionship. Harbor
Lights and many other BBS's offer a
dating feature that can pair you up
with another caller. You will be
asked questions about your personal
likes and dislikes, and your answers
will be compared with those of oth-
er callei^. The results will reveal the
percentage of questions you and
others answered similarly. If you
find someone who seems compati-
ble, you can leave that person a pri-
vate message. From that point
you're on your own.

Phone Bills

If you find you're doing a lot of
long-distance telecomputing, you
may want to investigate a couple of
services designed to help your
pocketbook. PC Pursuit is a service
run through Telenet that is owned
by U.S. Sprint. This service allows
you to make an unlimited number
of calls between the hours of 6 p.m.
and 7 a.m. weeknights, and 24 hours
a day on the weekends for a flat rate
of $25 per month. A one-time $25
registration fee is required, and you
must sign up with a credit card. You
can subscribe by calling their 24-
hour BBS at 1-800-835-3001, or you
can contact a representative at
1-800-835-3638.

AT&T offers a plan called
Reach Out America that charges
$9.10 for an hour's worth of out-of-
state telephone calls, and $7.55 for
each additional hour. The special
rates are in effect from 10 p.m. to 8
a.m., Sunday through Friday, all
day Saturday, and until 5 p.m. on
Sunday. You also will receive a 15-
percent discount on all calls made
between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. The
plan has a $10 registration fee.


32 COMPUTEVs Gazette January 1988


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So there you are,
furiously working away
at your Commodore
128, til inking every-
thing is just peachy,
when all of a sudden,
it hits you. That haunt-
ing, hollow, horrible
question that every computer
owner must inevitably face:

"Is my computer up to date
¡ª or out of date?" -^

If you use '^ V/ t

GEOS 128, that's ^^^

a question you ¡ª / (jjp.
or your grand- / *
children's chil-
dren¡ª won't
ever have
to worry
about.

Because GEOS
128 is the revolutionary
software system designed to
push your hardware to new lim-
its. Unleash its full power across
a full 80 column screen. And
expand its capabilities for years
to come.

We should have installed
disk brakes.

Loading up with GEOS
turns your 128 into a mouse-
driven maniac that loads, pro-
cesses and saves everything up


tcj seven times faster than nor-
mal. Part of that's due to the
GEOS disk'Ilirbo, but most of
it's due to the fact tJiat GEOS
128 doesn't treat your 128 like
aC64.

You see, by recognizing
your machine as a 128, GEOS
128 operates at a full 2 MHz,
instead of 1 MHz. So you get
twice the speed. Twice the
power. And since GEOS 128 also
supports the quicker 1571 and
1581 double-sided disk drives ¡ª
and the 1750 RAM expansion
unit ¡ª there's no telling how
much faster that puppy will fly.

Fast and slick with mouse
or stick.

Using GEOS is ridiculously
siinple. All you need is a mouse
or joystick, and a keen ability to
point and click. Everything else
is pretty much a matter of read-
ing menus (a technical term for
"little lists of things"), or select-
ing icons (a technical term for
"little pictures of things"). It's


sort of like talking in sign
language.

For example, if you want a
document for word-iarcjcessing,
you point to the icon that looks
like a stack of papers. Click your
mouse and bingo ¡ª you're in the
file. If you want to erase the file,
you drag the stack of papers
over to tiie little waste basket
and click your mouse.

Poof. That's about as tough
as it gets.

Working within the
system.

Learning where things
are in GEOS is pretty simple,
especially if you've ever sat
behind a desk. Because that's
exactly how we designed


'MfktU gftgn tsl Cik I


it U ni'


GEOS 128.

You keep your documents
and graphics in files; everytliing
else stays right on the desktop:
the notepad, the calculator ¡ª
there's even an alarm clock. In
fact, the only thing our desktop


<^


doesn't have is a place to put
your feet when tlie boss isn't
ai'ound.

But not only does GEOS
give you a place to write and
draw, it actually helps you write
and draw better.
Because unlike ? i^SKp^gji^jifl
your basic office 3t"'' X^jf^

model, our desktop ' " ^ ¡ö^¡ö- ^
comes with
geoWrite and geo-
Paint built right in.
Widi geoWrite,
your way with

words leaves people speechless,
as they watch you effortlessly
cut, paste and move entire
blocks of copy anywhere on the
page. And since geoWrite comes
with different fonts in a variety
of styles and sizes, your docu-
ments become even more
dazzling.

With geoPaint, you can
draw designs. Create with col-
ors. And tantalize your tastes
with tons of tones and textures.
Invert, rotate or mirror images.


Then place them wherever you
want: eitlier in your geoWrite
document, or in your GEOS
Phcjto Album for later use.

But no matter what kind of
masterpiece you create, you


always get to view it on a beau-
tiful, 80 column- wide screen.
No more scrolling left to right.
With GEOS 128, what you see
really is what you get.

The more you put into

your system, the more

you get out of it.

Of course, when we say
tliat GEOS 128 has far-reaching
implications, we're not kidding
around. Every GEOS 128 pack-
age includes free QuanturilLink
software, which hooks you {via
modem) into a nationwide net-
work of Commodore people just
like you. There's even a service
that will Laserprint your docu-
ments for you.


n


Berkeley
Softworks


i^m^m,


Now, we realize
that's a lot to pack into
one (iEOS package. But
as long as we're packing
it in, we might as well let
you know something else:
There's more.

The older it gets the
better it looks.

It's true. Because tliere are
always new GIi^OS applications
just waiting to jump off the
shelves and into your 128. Pack-
ages like geoDex
and geolMie, for
keeping addresses
and data straight.
I'bntpack and
geoWrite Workshop,
for tweaking text
with that special,
extra touch. And,
of course, geoCalc, a full-fea-
tured graphics spreadsheet for
all you number freaks.

They're just the first in a
long line of GEOS applications
that are constantly being devel-
oped to keep your 128 up to date.
So if you'd rather have your
128 grow up Uian grow old, load
up with GEOS. You owe it to
yourself. You owe it to your 128.

Heck, you owe it to your
grandchildren.


To order call 1-800-443-OlW ext. 234

GEOS 128 $69.95

(Qilifornia residcnta add 1% sales tax..)
$2. SO ys/S5.50 Fondgn for shipping and
handling. Allow six weeks fur delivisrj-.

Ljitifritiirt'. t.niir>4cL- 1.*^ jnA L'hf Jfr tl^L'MurL. i rf i'HTini .1.^
^V^lrum-., LtJ. j,K<>S. (;H!W E^Haid ll-TV4-t'> ?irf[w?*k.jiw


Gfosm


The brightest minds are working at Berkeley.


Alternate Reality ¡ª
The Dungeon

When the Commodore 64 first began to
show its potential, practically all game
buyers hoped that Sir-Tech Software
would port its extremely popular game
Wizardry to the new machine. For some
reason, it never happened, and soft-
ware companies since have been trying
to fill the void. Dungeons & Dragons-
style games have proliferated for all
personal computers since that time, but
none has really taken Wizardry's place.

Like most such games, Wizardn^ set
you inside a dungeon filled with un-
speakable horrors and magnificent
wealth; what made it different frorh the
others was its sense of visual perspective.

The dungeon revealed itself only
as you moved through it, and you could
see only a short distance ahead of you.
If you didn't have light, you couldn't
see at all. The game contained many
other fine features, but this personal
perspective was its true genius.

It was the closest thing yet to the
role-playing experience,

Datasoft's Alternate Realiiy series
tries very hard to bring that experience
to the Commodore 64. The Dungeon is
the second release {The City was the
first) in the series and, according to the
manual. The Arena, The Palace, The Wil-
derness, Revelatioti, and Destiny are in
various stages of preparation. Like IV12-
ardry. Electronic Arts' Bard's Tale, and
SSI's Phaulasie (to name just three), the
Alternate Reality series allows you to
transfer your characters from one in-
stallment to the next, thereby stressing
the idea of the continuing adventure. In
fact. The Dungeon's manual talks about
The City repeatedly, as the designers
clearly expect owners of The City to
continue their interest with The Dungeon.

When the game begins, you create a
character. The method is a refreshing
one. Your six Statistics (Stamina,
Charm, Strength, Intelligence, Skill, and
Wisdom) are displayed on what looks
like a Vegas slot machine. Under each
Stat is a little box with constantly chang-
ing numbers, rolling from top to bottom
at varying speeds and in random order.
To create your character, you simply
name it and decide on its gender. Then
you press the space bar at any time you

36 COMPUTEIs Gazelta January 1988


choose, and all the numbers stop. These
are your character's values. Obviously,
luck plays an important role here, but
the process is such a good one (and the
numbers seem to balance out), that the
luck is enrirely palatable.

One of the chief differences be-
tween Alternate Reality and most other
role-playtng dungeon games is that you
control only one character. In most
games, a party of adventurers, consist-
ing of a variety of types (a Sorcerer, a
Fighter, a Thief, and so on), tackles the
dungeon in a sort of unionized coopera-
tive, but here you're on your own. Be-
cause of the strict player perspective,
this idea works extremely well.

Once in the dungeon itself, things
flow smoothly. Your first stop is at the
inevitable General Store (the Damon
and Pythias Shoppe), Hero you buy
food and water (your character gets


Alternate Reality is not

just another adventure clone.

It has a flavor and perspective

all its own.


hungry and dies if you don't), torches, a
compass and a timepiece (both essen-
tia! but always out of stock), and cloth-
ing and weapons. Actually, the choices
at first are easy, since you barely have
enough money to buy even a dagger.
You'll learn quickly, though, that the
proprietor doesn't really mean what
those nasty price tags say. With any
luck at all, you'll come out with a cheap
weapon and maybe even the begin-
nings of armor.

Adventuring itself is fairly stand-
ard. As you stroll the various corridors
and levels of the Dungeon, you will en-
counter things. Some of these things
are nice, while others try to kill you.
You enter rooms, some of which re-
quire magic to open, you give money to
paupers, and you kill an almost unend-
ing series of giant rats, molds, and
slimes. Some creatures yield money,
items, or weapons, and you can choose
whether or not to take these along.


Many creatures, though, disease you,
and killing people often results in a
curse. Both the diseases and the curses
affect you when you least expect it.

As you get further into the Dun-
geon, you encounter more interesting
life forms: Guards, Gladiators, Knights,
Noblemen, Brigands, Assassins, Wiz-
ards, Valkyries, Serpentmen, Ice De-
mons, a Phoenix, Dragons, a Night
Stalker, and (it is rumored) a Devourer,
Not all of them seek to destroy you, and
you shouldn't fight all of them, either.
Perhaps the strongest feature of Alter-
nate Reality, in fact, is its notion of Mor-
al Alignment. You enter the dungeon as
a Neutral, but your actions dictate
whether you become Good or Evil. Kill-
ing a pauper is an obvious evil, but
some acts arc more subtle. You may, of
course, choose to become evil. Whatever
you do, the program keeps track, and
your alignment goes with you as you
explore. Its effect is very strong.

At some point, you will want to
join a Guild. Four guilds are evil; four
are good. Guilds offer several things,
but the most important is a ring that al-
lows you to learn and to cast spells. Un-
til you join a guild, you have no magic
whatsoever, so finding the guilds
should be high on your list of things to
do. They're not, however, easy to lo-
cate, and they don't want inexperi-
enced adventurers. Nor do they want
poor ones.

There are all kinds of things to do
down here. You'll be offered Quests,
you'll have to make extensive maps (al-
ways a tedious chore), and, of course,
you'll want to explore every room you
come upon. The Dungeon isn't huge,
but it's large enough and difficult
enough to consume enormous amounts
of time. By the time you've finished it


MoreBangR)
ThePound.


r


It's an invasion of British action hits at prices packed
with value. For a few pence more than eleven quid, or
about $19.95 in the States, you can experience the unique
look, feel, and play of a leading import.

1/Wzba//'" has been bouncing atop the British best-
seller charts for months. No wonder. Fun, danger, logic,

and'action all come together
in this colorful confrontation
between Wiz, his feline


friend Cat, and the Evil Zark.
Returning the color to
Wlzworld is the challenge. Expect to be dazzled by
graphics as you discover the secret powers and controls
of the wondrous Wizball.

Anyone looking for incredible graphics will do back
flips when they see Head Over Heels!'" Upon landing,
they will probably double over with laugfiter.

Fun is what this game of cunning puzzles and prob-
lems is made of. Where else can you explore and liberate
five planets with your doughnut gun while running across
the likes of the British Royal Family,
stuffed bunnies, and the
elusive reincarnation fish.


>< ! #? ( ¡ö''i 9

#

There's treasure to
plunder, wealth to pursue, and
oriental pleasures to partake
in lai-Pan!" Based on the James Clavell classic, (his
adventure combines trading skills, strategy, and combat

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Via voor retttM or ca? 1 -800^ ^^^9SBd ? 1 -31 2-48a76S? I? VBA a MaslpCi?rt wdm lb pur.
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[WIS S3.00 (or BiiijMino ana Mriillinu iw each im ordered lo Mindscapc, fna PO. Biw n67. Nortwuriok.
IL 60065. Allow 3-5 weeks ICK delivery.


as you seek your fortune.


Swash buckle around the
China Seas. Sink ships. Save
your hide. And see stunning
graphics every siep of the way
Macro-Genetic-f^utoids sound threatening enough,
but in MutantsJ^ these slimy and sinister bio-engineered
organisms have fallen into the wrong hands. Eeeek.

You'll just have to jump into your small scout ship, use
four types of weapons to zap fifteen different opponents,
and thereby insure the survival of humanity.
This IS the kind of arcade
action you've trained for. Don't
let the planet down this time.


Loaded with action, excitement,
adventure, and fun, these four Ocean imports don't
require a heavy wallet to enjoy.


Distributed in America by Mindscape


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Miichincis iesaeam?/.


all the next Alternate Reality module
should be available, and you can start
over again.

There are two major problems.
First and most important, disk access is
excessive and extremely annoying. Ev-
ery time you encounter something, the
disk drive goes a-whirring and the
screen starts flashing. Several seconds
later, the creature appears and, after
you deal with it, the whirring and flash-
ing begin all over again. Just as frustrat-
ing is the means of saving a game in
progress. Like many recent games, Al-
ternate Reality/ doesn't allow you to save
and keep playing. Instead, the game re-
boots, and if you want to continue from
where you stopped, you have to load
the character back into memory. I don't
know why designers have taken to this
tortuous method. In games where
death comes easily, efficient and pain-
less saves are absolutely mandatory.
This game is time-consuming enough;
unnecessary time consumption quickly
becomes a source of resentment.

Is it worth the time? If you like this
kind of game, yes. Fans of The Bard's
Tale series, especially, should find it
fascinating, because even though it
lacks some of Bard's Tale's program-
ming sophistication, it seems as strong
or stronger in its variety of activities
and goals. Wizardry fans, too, should
enjoy this series because it clearly stems
from the Wizardry tradition and, in
some ways, may even be better. Even
so. Alternate Reality is not just another
clone. It has a flavor and perspective all
its own, and it is enjoyable despite
some disk-management flaws. If Data-
soft corrects these, the series could be-
come a role-playing classic.

¡ªNeil Randall

Dtttasoft

19808 Nordlwff Place

Chatsworth. CA 91311

$39.95


Rainy Day Games

It's raining. Or it's snowing. At any rate,
it's too gloomy and cold for the kids to
go out. And they are driving you nuts.

You know the kind of day.

"Mom! Katie won't leave me alone!
She's getting into my crayons. Mom!"

"Am not!"

"Are too!"

"Mom, make those two stop,
pleeease!"

"But, Mom, there's nothing to do!"

"Yeah, I'm bored!"

"Bored!"

They've read all their books. Col-
oring is boring. TV is boring. Board
games are really boring.

The suggestion of a card game
sparks some interest ¡ª but the kids can
only find 49 cards.

If you have Rainy Day Games by
Baudvillc, you just may find your prob-
lem solved. For one thing, there are few
children in computer homes that will
call the computer or its tnyriad software
boring. And Rainy Day Games is based


Card games often lose
something when translated into

software, but these have not.

And Rainy Day Games is easy

to use¡ª any child ivho can

operate the computer can

handle these games.


on three traditional favorite card
games: Old Maid, Go Fish, and Con-
centration. All three games are included
in the program. Surprisingly, they have
made a very pure transition onto com-
puter. Card games often lose something
when translated into software, but
these three have not.

Rainy Day Games is easy to use ¡ª
any child who can operate the com-
puter can handle these games. No read-
ing skills are required. Four options
appear on the main menu: the three
games ¡ª ^Concentration, Go Fish, Old
Maid ¡ª -and the Options menu. The Op-
tions menu lets you choose between
keyboard and joysfick, and Sound on or
off. You can also set the level of play
(Beginner, Smart, or Genius) and, for
Concentration, the number of players
and the number of pairs to be matched.
These changes may be saved to disk if
you prefer.

Your opponent in these games is
one Ted Bear, a cute little fellow who


hops from card to card in Concentra-
tion, scans his hand of cards in Old
Maid and Go Fish, and both wins and
loses with cheer and good grace. Your
name or Ted Bear's name is highlighted
to denote whose turn it is. The score is
kept beside the names.

Baudville has done an excellent job
on the graphics in Rainy Day Games, In
Go Fish and Old Maid, another animat-
ed creation, this one named Mr. Mon-
key, turns the cards for you and Ted
Bear. The cards actually appear to be
bending as he turns them. In Go Fish,
the deck grows smaller as cards are
drawn off. And when a match is made
in any of the games, the graphics on the
matching cards move and make sounds.
Even small children enjoy this part of
the game. Our daughter Katie giggled
with delight everv' time she saw an egg
crack open, or a dog pant and (vag his
tail.

Contained in the manual is a note
to parents: "Card games are an excel-
lent way to help children grow intellec-
tually and emotionally. They entertain
and at the same time help young chil-
dren develop their ability to concen-
trate and use strategy. The Rainy Day
Games package is designed to take ad-
vantage of these traditional aspects of
card games while adding new dimen-
sions through the use of the computer."

Rainy Day Games follows through
on its design. It is a well -executed, en-
tertaining package. The animated
graphics are superb, giving youngsters
and even adults a lively, fun-filled way
to remove the rainy day blues,

¡ªDavid ami Robin Minnkk

Baudville

1001 Medical Park Dr. S.E.

Grand Rapids, Ml 49506

$29.95


38 COMPUTEra Gazette Janjary 1988


S^IBf


m.


This MTs hot new program

stars 4 sex^Enropeans and

1 American stud

' Tliis liill's sizzling new proj^i'iiin doesn't I'didirc ;iti Alexis,
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Con'ett(!.*lbst, Drive allows you to exi>ei-ieilt!e flrsthillld (lie awcsonnMli-iviiij^ chai'aetei'-
islicsoCeaeb reiiowiietl perlbrmer.Tliey accelerate like the real (liinff.Tliey handle like the
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Nord And Bert Couldn't Make
Head Or Tail Of It


Since my first look at Nord and Bert, I've
been chafing at the bit, wanting to let
the cat out of the bag. Obviously, Ican't
tell you everything I've learned ¡ª we
don't do that with interactive fiction
puzzles ¡ª but I may be able to tell you
enough that you won't be buying a pig
in a poke. (Cliches.)

Nord and Bert is unique in several
aspects, the first and most obvious be-
ing that it is not one adventure, but
eight. In fact, since the only conclusive
ending to any of these stories is the at-
tainment of a maximum score rather
than a triumphant climax, one might
even say that these are "pieces of
eight." (Pun.)

In an onscreen prologue to Bord
and Nert (spoonerism), you're told that
the town of Punster is undergoing a se-
vere syntactical crisis. And though we
don't wish to make a mountain out of a
molehill, this strange crisis is enough
that the citizens of the town are having
trouble communicating. As usual, it is
up to you and your computer to save
the world.

To begin saving the world, you
choose from one of the eight listed sce-
narios. In "Eat Your Words" you do
battle in a restaurant with a sleazy wait-
ress and will probably not prevail un-
less you can turn the tables on her. In
"Buy the Farm" you take over land that
has gone to ruin during the crisis. Your
job is to try to make a silk purse out of a
sow's ear. In "Visit the Supermarket"
you cruise your cart through the British
aisles and may even be forced to engage
in gorilla warfare. "Playing Jacks" puts
you in charge of a wonderous device
called a jack-of-all-lraits, but it's up to
you to figure out which of its traits will
be helpful to you. And "Shake a Tower"
deposits you in the magical section of
Punster, where a pan of keys or a rare
hazing experience must be carefully ex-
amined for evidence of spoonerisms.

Those who have previously been
daunted by adventure games, from In-
focom and others, should know that
Nord ami Bt'rt is unlike any other text
game. There are no magic spells (al-
though uttering a cliche or spoonerism
at the right time might drastically
change the scenario, as well as \vin you
some points); the only mazes are those
created by the convolutions of lan-
guage; the one character trait needed is
a wagging tongue; and the necessary
wisdom can be confined to what we
might call ¡ª lumping everything to-
gether¡ª a knowledge of folk language.

Nor is it necessary, in using the
vernacular, to worry about the proper
syntax. The parser accepts a truncated
version as well as a long one, provided

40 COMPUTERS Gazette January 19BB


the key words are there. The interface,
by the way, is as good as or better than
any parser I've seen from this parser-
monious company.

In moving about the game, you'll
find all possible destinations listed in an
area at the top of the screen. To go to
any of them, simply type the one word
description, and after a moment of disk
access, you are there. Since you can't al-
ways get to there from here, the possi-
ble locations change as you move from
place to place.

Also displayed in this section is
your score, listed as so many points out
of a possible number of points. This
changes and is updated as you triumph
over the quirks of language. At the end
of a game¡ª which can be the attain-
ment of all but one or two points ¡ª
you'll be given a congrahilatory message.


Those who have previously

been daunted by adventure

games, from Infocom and

others, should know that Nord

and Bert is unlike any other

text game.


For some time now, those of us who
became hopelessly lost in Zork or Planet-
fall have relied on Infocom's "Invisi-
clues" booklets, available separately, to
carr)' us through situations that would
otherwise remain hopeless. In Nord and
Bert, the In visi clues book is on the two-
sided disk and may be accessed at any
time by typing the word "hint." As with
the real book, which reveals clues only
as needed by the device of painting over
them with a marker, Invisiclues on disk
reveals only as much as you wish to
know at the time.

The first screen presents a list of ar-
tifacts and happenings that may have
you stuck in one spot. Choose the one
you wish and the next screen will give
you a very broad hint. If that isn't
enough, press RETURN and you'll read
something more specific. Though the
number of steps varies, you can eventu-
ally reach a point where you are given
the complete answer. Return to the sto-
ry at the point you left off, type it in,
and away you go.

Be aware that there are some wild
goose chases here. As is Infocom's way.


and in keeping with their corporate hu-
mor, a real goose is used. Well, almost
real. You know how these things go.

Should any of the stories seem
hopeless, you can at any time type the
word begittning to be transported back
to the opening menu, where you can
then choose to enter a new story.

And it may well be that you will
succeed easily at some stories, and fail
miserably at others. The Supermarket
story relies on your use of puns, the
Farm story on your use of cliches, the
Tower story on a search for spooner-
isms, Playing Jacks on a knowledge of
words and phrases containing the word
jack, and so on.

The eight stories do hang together.
I was unable to play "Meet the Mayor,"
however, because I could not prove I
had solved another story. This seems to
be because Mayor is the final story
and ¡ª to those who solve it¡ª -offers the
grand climax.

Documentation is slight, as in aU In-
focom games: Infocom doesn't want to
let the cat out of the bag. And, as usual,
there is a very good section on how to
play such games and on your interaction
with the parser. It has become my cus-
tom to immediately rip open any Info-
com game and see what crazy items
have been included and how they might
relate to the game. Here, the item is a
cartoon booklet by Kevin Pope ¡ª whose
style is to illustrate plays on words.

Since Nord and Bert Couldn't Make
Head or Tail of It is, itself, a computer-
ized play on words, the booklet serves
as a perfect introduction. The game ti-
tle, in fact, is from an original cartoon
by Pope, and it sets the tone for all that
follows. This one should appeal to most
everyone; 1 especially recommend it to
those who have previously bypassed
text games. Nord and Bert is truly differ-
ent, and that's as sure as little green
apples.

¡ª Ervin Bobo

Infocom

125 CambridgePark Dr.

Cambridge. MA 02140

$34.95


WITHUSONA
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It reads and writes and
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The first three tools that
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BIG LEAGUE SPORTS


SUPER SUNDAY¡ª Armchair quarterbacks the world over have made SUPER SUNDAY
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NBA¡ª We have taken the same concept as SUPER SUNDAY from ihe field and pul
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STATIS PRO BASEBALL¡ª Its funny that America's favorite
sports pastime has not been our best selling computer sports
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COMPUTER STATIS PRO BASEBALL (based on our best-sellmg
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Dolphin DOS

Dolphin DOS, from South Australia's
Micro Accessories, is a hardware modifi-
cation to both the 64 and the 1541 disk
drive (all software is in ROM). Though
Dolphin DOS promised disk access up
to 25 times faster than normal, I was
leery of fiddling around with the insides
of my machines: I'd heard such prom-
ises before. My hesitation grew when 1
read in the manual that some installa-
tions require" desoldering one or more
ICs ¡ª a task not recommended for the
fainthearted {including me).

Late one evening, however, 1
found myself in an adventurous mood,
spurred on by the claim of much faster
disk access. Twenty-five times is an or-
der of magnitude greater than any fast-
load cartridge I've seen. I decided to
investigate whether or not my particular
64 and 1541 required any desoldering.
When I found out, as is usually the case,
that all relevent ICs were socketed, and
could simply be removed from their
sockets, curiosity got the better of me. 1
made up my mind to go ahead and see
just what (and how much time) was
involved.

The documentation guided me
through the careful coaxing of several
chips from their sockets, I replaced
them with two small circuit boards, and


without drilling holes for the two toggle
switches that 1 could mount later, I was
ready to give the circuitry a trial run.

The next stage was hardly encour-
aging. A standard system check ¡ª press
f8 to show system status ¡ª resulted in a


Before I even looked to see
how the load was going, the

program was ready to

run. . . Dolphin DOS had a

convert.


failure several times. I rechecked my
work and found that in reseating an IC,
1 had bent three of its legs out of posi-
tion. (Those chips have a tot of legs, so
be careful.) 1 moved to better lighting
and, carefully, with needle-nosed
pilars, bent the legs back into position.
This time, the status check worked
instantly. [ next loaded one of my larg-
est files, a 60-block BASIC program.
What then happened astounded me.
Before I even hnkcti to see how the load
was going, the program was ready to


run, I ran the test again, this time with a
stopwatch. My program loaded in less
than two seconds. Dolphin DOS had a
convert.

This package gives you blinding
speed with all disk operations. You can
get a complete onscreen directory in
one second, and you're provided with
fast scratch and validate. 1 formatted a
disk in less than 20 seconds and it took
me less than five seconds to save the
60-block file. And these savings on pro-
gram flies are reflected in dramatic time
reductions for both sequential and rela-
tive file access.

! compared the time wth several
fast-load cartridges: Fastload, Turbo
Load and Save, and The Final Car-
tridge. Each of these loaded my 60-
block program in nine seconds; Turbo
Load and Final Cartridge saved it in ten.
Dolphin DOS ¡ª at two seconds for a
load and five seconds for a save ¡ª is ob-
viously much faster. Dolphin also lists a
directory to the screen in about half the
time cartridges need, validates (COL-
LECTS) a disk in 14 seconds, and for-
mats it in 19 seconds. Even Turbo Load
and Save takes 27 seconds to do a for-
mat. Another Dolphin bonus: The head
stop is knocked only once. No more
"ratatatat." Another particularly nice
thing about Dolphin DOS is its pro-
grammed function keys. Actually, there

COMPUTErs GazBtto January 19Bfl 43


are 12 programmed keys- ¡ª each one
has another function when pressed in
concert with the Commodore logo key.
The layout is similar to that of The Final
Cartridge: There is a LIST; jump to
monitor; RUN; VliRIFY; two forms of
LOAD; SAVE with automatic (and pur-
portedly bug-free) replace; directory
display (memory intact); output list to
printer; and scroll backward and for-
ward monitor disassemblies.

Additionally, the default drive
number is programmable, and SHIFT
RUN/STOP loads and runs the first
program on your disk, or (iii\/ program
displayed in the onscreen directory. A
single function key also loads a pro-
gram from the directory. The function
keys can be instantly enabled or dis-
abled at any time.

Dolphin also gives you numerous
screen editor functions, accessed
through special control -key combina-
tions. Among those arc cursor to bot-
tom of screen, or 20 spaces forward;
delete to the right or left of the cursors-
print screen; and display director)' or
drive status.

A disk wedge is also included,
along with several enhancements. Files
can be locked and unlocked. The de-
fault device number can be changed.
The number of tracks accessible on a
disk can be set either to the standard 35,
or to 40, essentially giving you another
749 blocks. Of course, programs saved
on these outer tracks can only be ac-
cessed by computers with Dolphin
DOS installed.

The scrollable monitor is compact
and functional; disk commands are ac-
cessible from within it; and there is pro-
vision for writing ASCII text directly to
memory. There are also two enhance-
ments to BASIC: one performs decimal/
hex conversion, the other restores a
program after NEW (OLD equivalent).

Dolphin DOS is not for everyone,
Bear in mind that it requires semiperma-
nent installation, and a specific 1541 and
64 are modified in tandem. In the 64, the
Kernal ROM chip is replaced. You
should be sure to save your Kernal ROM
should you wish to return your com-
puter to its original condition. On the
other hand, once the toggle switches are
installed, either or both units can be re-
turned to normal operation at any time.
If you can manage an electric drill, mak-
ing the two small holes in the comput-
er's case for toggle switches shouldn't
take more than 15 minutes or so.

The manual is excellent with par-
ticularly clear diagrams. Instructions
are lucid. The only real problem I en-
countered was a traditional one: The
manual's typeface is too small. The
only point at which I became confused
had to do with the RF .shields in both
the 1541 and the 64, The shields are re -

44 CQMPUTErs Gazetts January 1988


quired by the FCC (and hence not even
mentioned in the Australia-prepared
manual), and must be removed in order
to get to internal circuitry. The Dolphin
board prevents replacing the shields.
Your computer will work well without
them, just keep your computer equip-
ment a good distance from your televi-
sion set.

The manual suggests that Dolphin
DOS may not cooperate with some
commercial software, so there are in-
structions for seven system alterations
that can be tried with difficult software.
These alterations progressively disable
and slow down Dolphin until it is com-
pletely disabled.

I'tested Dolphin DOS with 12 com-
mercial software packages, each from a
different company, and then tested
each with the cartridges mentioned
above. The results were impressive; 9 of
the 12 loaded easily with Dolphin DOS,
with time reductions ranging from 3:1
to 20:1. (With GEOS, only seven sec-
onds were trimmed from a 27-second
load time.) With one program, load
time was reduced from 65 seconds to a
mere 3, The programs that would not
load retjuired only turning off Dolphin
DOS at the 64. After that, [ achieved
modest load-time savings.

Even more striking were the results
achieved when the cartridges were
plugged in. (Here's a first; a turbo disk
access system that works with other fast
loaders.) Turbo Load and Save, and
Fastload are completely compatible
with Dolphin DOS. Its programmed
function keys even remain available.
The Final Cartridge requires turning
Dolphin DOS off at the 64 while the car-
tridge's function key commands retain
priority over Dolphin DOS. 1 found that
all cartridge functions were accelerated,
and most disk chatter was eliminated.

Dolphin DOS is an excellent firm-
ware package for users desiring a semi-
permanent, super-high-speed disk
access svstem, along with a variety of
built-in conveniences. Dolphin DOS
and fast-toad cartridges operate at dif-
ferent orders of magnitude in regard to
disk access, and have different user ap-
plications. In a nutshell. Dolphin DOS
is an expertly designed product that is
in a class by itself,

¡ªArt Hunkins

Micro-Accessories of South Australia
Unit 8, Heirittson Road
Elizabeth West, South Autralia sn3
S169 Australian (Check ivitli \iotir bank
for fircfcnt currency conversion rates,
and include $10 additional to cover
postage and handling. American Express
and checks are accepted, lutjuiries
should be addressed to David Huggitts.
Discussions regarding American distri-
bution are currently under wai/J


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Delta War


^


Brian Pike


Battle a friend in this fast-paced, two-player arcade-style game
for the Commodore 64. There are so many options available
that you'll find yourself playing the game over and over again.
Two joysticks are required.


You have your opponent in your
sights, but you don't shoot. You're
just too dose to the black hole ¡ª
any shots fired now would be
sucked into oblivion. In despera-
tion you turn 20 degrees to port and
apply maximum thrust. Your Delta-
ship nearly skims the event horizon
of the black hole. You slingshot
past your opponent, turn around
180 degrees, and launch a volley of
shots. Stunned, your opponent
dodges your shots, only to fall into
the black hole. You've scored a
point in "Delta War."

Delta War is a fast two-player
arcade game written entirely in ma-
chine language. The object of this
timed game is to absorb less dam-
age than your opponent. The many
options provided make Delta War
several games in one. These options
include gravitational influences
(black holes and stars), varied time
limits, and two screen-border
options.

Typing It In

Since Delta War is written in ma-
chine language, you'll need to type
it in with "MLX," the machine lan-
guage entry program, found else-

(te COMPUTEVs Gazefte January 1988


where in this issue. When MLX asks
for starting and ending addresses,
respond with the following values:

Slarling address; 0801
Ending address: 19C0

When you've finished typing
in the program, be sure to save a
copy to tape or disk.


Two Deltaships face off for a galactic
battle.


Delta War loads and runs like a
BASIC program. When you're
ready to play, plug in two joysticks,
load the program, and type RUN.
You'll first see the title screen. From
this screen you select all the options
for the game you are going to play.


Move up and down through the op-
tions with the cursor-up and cursor-
down keys. Change options by
pressing cursor right. When you're
satisfied with the options, press RE-
TURN to begin the game.

Hundreds Of Games

Delta War is actually 324 different
games in one. Let's step through
the various options to see just
what's possible.

Option 1 allows you to set how
the Deltaships and fireballs are af-
fected by the screen boundaries.
There are two options from which
to choose- ¡ª Pass Through Bound-
aries and Bounce Off Boundaries.
Pass Through Boundaries lets your
ship and fireballs wrap around to
the other side when you go off the
edge of the screen. Bounce Off
Boundaries makes the edges of the
screen solid ¡ª you and your fire-
balls bounce off the edges as if they
were walls.

Option 2 allows you to deter-
mine the setting of the game. With
the Star option selected, a bright star
shines in the center of the screen.
Both the Deltaships and the fireballs
are pulled toward the screen's center
by the gravity of this star. The Black
Hole is similar, but its attraction is
much stronger. In No Gravity, there
are no celestial objects, just free
space in which to battle.


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Easily the beat.


option 3 allows you to to de-
termine how far your shots will go.
There are three choices: Short
Range Fireballs, Medium Range
Fireballs, and Long Range Fireballs.
Each player can have three fireballs
on the screen at once. If you shoot
all three in a Long Range Fireball
game, it will be a while before you
can shoot again.

Option 4 sets the game time.
You can select any time from one to
nine minutes. An onscreen timer
counts down the minutes and sec-
onds until the end of the game.

Option 5 allows you to decide
whether or not you will allow a hy-
perspace move. If hyperspace is al-
lowed, pushing the joystick down
will cause you to disappear and
then reappear in a random location.

Playing The Game

Choose the options that you wish
to play with, and press RETURN.
Your Delta ship can be rotated
counterclockwise or clockwise by
pressing the joystick left or right,
respectively. To thrust, press the
fire button. Your ship will move in
the direction that it is pointing. If
there is a star or black hole, you'll
be drawn to it.

You score a point each time
your opponent dies. This happens
whenever one of your shots hits
him, or whenever he runs into the
star or black hole at the center of
the screen. If the two Deltaships
collide with each other, no points
are awarded.

The scores and the time re-
maining are constantly displayed at
the top of the screen. When time
runs out, the player with the great-
est number of points is the victor.
When this happens, you may
choose different options and play
again.

Press RESTORE at any time to
stop the game. Type RUN to restart.
See program listing on page 101.


User Group
Uodate


Mickey McLean, Editorial Assistant


This list includes updated entries to our annual "Guide to Commodore
User Groups," which last appeared in the May and June 1987 issues.

When writing to a user group for information, please remember to en-
close a self-addressed envelope with postage that is appropriate for the
country to which you're writing.

Send typed additions, corrections, and deletions for this list to:

COMPUTE! Publicalions
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC 27403
Attn: Commodore User Groups

User Croup Notes

The 64/20 Club of Ventura, CA has changed its name and address to
the Ventura Commodore Club, 1306 Finch Ave., Ventura, CA 93003.

The C-128/64 Amateur Computer Club has changed its address to
P.O. Box 1180, Youngstown, OH 44501.


Nf!w Listings


ALABAMA


The Lighlhousc IIUS User Group. Ki. 2 Box IW,


ARKANSAS


Ciimmodorc [nformation Assoculioii (CIA), Kl.
1 llijx no r, M.ivndwiT, AU 72106


CALIFORNIA


ILLINOIS


Survivors of Ihc Sixly-Four Users Group
(SOSUG), P.O. Box 6108, Mammb, 11.61455


Tricomm Compultr Users Croup, P.O. Box 4527,
SiimxCilv, I A 51 KM


MARYLAND


IJu' liTsI St'ctdr L'st.T?? (iroLjp (ISLt,), \l^ L,

\^Miti',unu'tv Si , t^t M.. I^iltirnnrr. Mi) 21230


NEW YORK


The l.osl Bovs (TLB) 20 M(Hin(ain Rise, Mirport,

W l-i-;-"i>'


NORTH CAROLINA


I'oolhillj Usfr C;roup. KM 2 U's^i' Ir . Mount Airv,
NC 270311


OKLAHOMA


Muskogee Commodore Users Group (MCUG),
2429 Gforgia, Muski^eo, OK 74403


Outside The U.S.


CANADA


L^XrisocijIlon de Micro Informatique de TEstrlc
([.'AMID, P.O. Cox 1(152, Bherbrooke, Quebec,
C.iii.ul.1 ] 1 H 5L3


COSTA RICA


Club Cummodore de Tibas, Margin Vega, P.O.
Box 516, Tibas, San Jose, Costa Rica


4a COMPUTErs Gazette January 1988


In their day, they ruled
over three quarters of the
earth's surface.

During WWII, they
viciously brought Bntain
to her


: TAKE nun PRt:VIliW mm FOKA spin. Omp Ihis cmipon in the
: mail with fuiir ffuxk iir minuy iinifx and ux'li ^lailly send you to ifw
'¡ö Smih I'aafir to luiir it nut wilh an enemy fled.

\ Mail tfiSuh Halite I'revinn no. Hi>x:i745. Young Ameriai.MNSrh'SiH.


Quantity


Total


Commodurt 64/128

IBMPC&mmfiat.

Atari ST

Madntoxh

Thtat DLfls (tnltmd


knees. |
And
Japan
to the
ground

These were the silent i^owe¡ª

killers: Tench. Gato. I ^^^'^¡ö'

U-Boat. i aty/staif/zip.

And now, they return.

In this, the most realistic,

all-encompassing simula-
tion ever created :
for the personal :
aimputer. j

'fou will com- j
mand one of sbc j
types of Amer- j

ican subs or German Kriegs- j

marine U-Boats, during any

year from 1939 to 1945.

Youll perform one of over


. $1.50 ea. _
$}.56ea. _
. $2.75 fa. _
. S2.7Sea. _
. Total Endased-


_ Phone (


-Age-


Canadian orders please, add .TOC fiir additional pasla^e.

t^Iffj^ic iiittiu.' ?! tiiii iwrJts for drliiii'ty. Offtf tspirf.s t2/3l/8S and is mlid only in
Ihf oinfim'Ntfd V. S. ftttd Catiadfj. ^titt whetr pmhiltHed.


60 missions. Or youll en-
gage in the most difficult
task of all; Tb make it
thn)ugh the entire war.
Each vessel is com-
pletely unique and
painstakingly authen-
tic, so youil have a lot
to learn; Navigation.
Weather. Radar.


And the contents of a
vital target book,
among other things.

Your arsenal will in-
clude deck and anti-
aircraft guns. Torpedoes.
And mines.

But even all that may
not be enough.

Because besides the
risk of bumping a depth
charge or facing a killer
Destroyer, you'll still
have to contend with the
gunfire of enemy aircraft.

No simulation has
ever had the degree of
authenticity, gut-wrenching
action or historical accuracy of
this one.

The firet release of our new
Masters Collection. Andi
a challenge of unbe-

depth, ^r^ mmK. ,


Appk Jl & cumpatibh-z. A
At/jnhJXf^f/tminM


Saii water lank, for
trimming and itjfriprtiaaliHg.


Cats


It truly rains cats and dogs hi tins captivating logic game for
children. Players take turns dropping animals onto a 7 by 7
grid in an attempt to get four cats or dogs in a row. A pesky
dogcatcher keeps things lively. You can play agaiiist a friend or
the computer. Combining strategy with appealing graphics,
"Cats 'n' Dogs" is both challenging and entertaining. A 64
with disk drive and joystick is required.


"Cat 'n' Dogs" is a colorful version
of a popular two-player game.
Players appear as cats and dogs,
competing to get four of their kind
in a row. The play field is made up
of seven rows of seven dog houses.
To place an animal into a dog
house, you "drop" your animal
down any of the seven rows. The
descending cat or dog is placed into
the lowest available dog house in
that row. Each row is then filled
from bottom to top during play.
The first player to get four of their
animals in a row vertically, hori-
zontally, or diagonally wins.

If you can't find someone else
to play against, the computer
makes a challenging opponent.
And to throw in an element of
chance, Cats 'n' Dogs has a dog-
catcher opdon in which an animal
regulation officer appears in one of
the seven rows, waiting to capture
any animal that falls into his clutch-
es, thus foiling the player's move.

Typing It In

Cats 'n' Dogs is written in BASIC,
but it uses a machine language rou-
tine to display up to 50 sprites on
the screen at the same time. Enter
Program 1 using the "Automatic
Proofreader," found elsewhere in
this issue. Be sure to save a copy to
disk after typing it in.

Becaiase Program 2 is written
in machine language, you must
type it in using "MLX," the ma-
chine language entry program also
found elsewhere in this issue.
When prompted, enter the follow-
so COMPUTBrs Gaieite January 1988


ing information:

Starting address: 3E00
Ending address: 42SF

After typing it in, save a copy with
the filename CATS 'N' DOGS.ML
to the disk containing Program 1.
When run. Program 1 expects to
find Program 2 with this filename.


^ ft A H- A A


A ft A A^ ft ft

ft ft ft * ft ft ft

ft A ^^ 1 ^' ft '

ft ft 1 * t ft

ft ft 1 11 ft ft


ADoid the dog catcher and outwit your
opponent iu order io wiu this ammated
strategy game.

Starting The Game

To play the game, load and run Pro-
gram 1. After a brief wait, you're
asked if you wish to play the com-
puter (press 1) or a friend (press 2).
If you are playing the com-
puter, use a joysrick plugged into
port 2. If you choose to play a
friend, the program asks you how
many joysticks you wish to use
(one or two). If you select two, play-
er 1 uses the joystick plugged into
port 2, and player 2 uses the joy-
stick plugged into port 1. If you
have only one joysdck, both play-
ers must share the joystick plugged
into port 2.


Finally, you are asked if you
want to use the dogcatcher option.
Answer Yes or No. The dogcatcher
opdon adds an element of chance to
the game. You never know in
which row the dogcatcher may ap-
pear. When he does appear, you
must be careful not to drop your an-
imal down the row he occupies. If
you do, your pet will be captured
and brought to the local pound ¡ª
and you'll lose a turn.

Making A Move

The game is played on a colorful
screen filled with dog houses. Play-
er 1 always begins the game. The
right section of the screen indicates
which player has the current move.
Player 1 is represented by cats,
while player 2 (the computer in
one-player games) uses dogs.

To move, use the joystick;
place your animal over the row of
your choice. Once you've selected a
row, hold down the joystick's fire
button until your animal drops.
After placing your cat or dog, it's
the next player's turn. While the
game is played, the dogs and cats
that are placed into dog houses
move about, providing an enter-
taining game screen.

The game ends when one of
the players has four of his or her an-
imals in a row vertically, horizon-
tally, or diagonally. Winners are
rewarded with a dazzling graphics
display starring the victorious ani-
mal. If at any tfme you wish to start
the game over, press f 1 . You are re-
turned to the beginning of the pro-
gram to select from the game's
options.

With the 64 as your opponent,
it will first play an average, unspec-
tacular game ¡ª not using the best of
strategies. If you beat it too often,
however, its game improves dra-
matically.
See program listings ou page 104. ?


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RLOBOMPUTrnM.

14922 GiKcn Sinvi ? Van Nu\>. CA 914 It
Ta-lmiful Suppun (SIH( 7?5-()5l9


Needlework
Graphics Editor


Barbara H. Schulak


Can your 64 help out with cross-stitching and needlepoint?
Yes ¡ª in a big way. "Needlework Graphics Editor" alloivs you
to create colorful designs and print them as ready-to~follow
needlework patterns. For the 64 with disk drive, color rtionitor,
Commodore 1525/MPS-801/80i printers.


Have you ever tried designing your
own needlework patterns? If you
have, then you know the process is
tedious, time-consuming, and labo-
rious. You must graph the design,
point by point, and specify each
color by hand. Designing one pat-
tern can be quite a job. With "Nee-
dlework Graphics Editor" you'll
never have to hand -graph again.
This program makes designing and
editing needlework patterns simple
and fun ¡ª and, when you've fin-
ished designing, it will print an
easy-to-follow pattern with each of
the available 16 colors specified by
a special symbol.

Because Needlework Graphics
Editor is written entirely in machine
language, it must be entered using
"MLX," the machine language en-
try program found elsewhere in this
issue. Be sure to read the instruc-
tions for using MLX before you be-
gin entering data. When you run
MLX, you'!! be asked for a starting
and an ending address for the data
you'll be entering. The correct val-
ues for Needlework Graphics Edi-
tor are as follows:

starting addiess; 0801
Ending addiess: 1618

After you've entered all the data, be
sure to save a copy before leaving
MLX.

52 COMPUTE! a Gazetto January 1988


Designing A Pattern

To get started with Needlework
Graphics Editor, load it and type
RUN, The title screen presents an
option to see a list of the com-
mands. Press y to see them, ? to
start the program. The cursor is rep-
resented by the + character. "To
move the cursor around the screen,
use the up-, down-, right-, and left-
cursor keys. To plot a point, press
the space bar.

To start out, try a simple de-
sign¡ª like a house. As you become
more familiar with the editor, you
can create more complex designs. If
you make a mistake, don't worry,
it's easy to erase ¡ª simply move the
cursor to the point you want to de-
lete and press e. Select colors with
the f5 or f6 keys. The f5 key cycles
the colors upward (white, red.


cyan, purple, and so on), and f6 cy-
cles them downward. The current
color appears as the border color.

If you decide you'd like to
move your pattern to a different
place on the screen. Needlework
Graphics Editor makes it easy. The
fl, f2, f3, and f4 keys shift a pattern
down, up, right, and left. There is
no wraparound when shifting, so
be sure not to scroll your pattern off
the screen.

Needlework Graphics Editor
also lets you change all the sections
of a design that are one color to an-
other color. For example, if you
want to change all the green areas in
a design to blue, press CONTROL-
C. First, you'll be asked to select the
color you want to replace by using
the f5/f6 keys, as noted above.
When you've located the green
shade you want to replace, press
RETURN. Then select the new
color ¡ª blue in our example ¡ª and
press RETURN. Instantly, the colors
will be exchanged. You can also use
this option to delete a block of color:
Enter the color you wish to delete
and choose black as the new color.


Needlework Graphics Commands


fl shift pattern down

f3 shift pattern right

f5 cycle color up

f7 see commands


CONTROL-L
CONTROL-F

Space bar
E

@

HOME

CLR


load design
save design

plot a point

eiase a point

read disk error channel

move cursor to top left

clear screen


f2 shift pattern up

f4 shift pattern left

f6 cycle color down

f8 exit program

CONTROL-P print design
CONTROL-C change colors


L

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cy?i\

B =

purpl (

M =

gr*#n

l!l =

blu?

u =

/t\ \ QUI

1=1 =

ormngt

M =

brown

UJ =.

1 i gh t red

]!i ?

gray 1

u =

gray 2

t?l =

1 i ght green

in ~

1 1 ght blue

lil =

gray 3

|V| .

whit*

ti ?

red

Ui =

cyan

u -

purpl e

B =

green

Id =

blue

lil =

y e 1 1 oui

H =

¡õr angt

y -

brown

HI ?

1 Ight red

lij -

gray 1

U s

gray 2

lil =

1 1 ght green

M =

1 t gh t blue

HI =

gray 3

til -

whi t#

Id -

red

HI =

cyan

td ?

purp 1 e

Isl =

green

111 =

blue

til =

yel 1 ow

1=1 =

orange

(111 =

brown

til -

1 ight red

141 =

gray 1

u =

gray Z

ISJ B

1 I gh t green

la =

1 i ght blue

ta =

gray 3

II inn;v-i'lW"""" "'lMWIIHMMi'"i"iini''!niinii


After designing your pattern and chooshtg colors, press CONTROL-P to create a printout with corresponding color codes
that serves as a pattern for your needlework.


When you've finished crearing
your design, you can save a copy to
disk by pressing CONTROL-F. En-
ter your filename (up to 15 charac-
ters) at the prompt, and the screen
will be saved. After saving your pat-
tern, the program displays the disk
status on the top line, Press any key
to reenter the editor. To load a previ-
ous design, press CONTROL-L.
You'll be prompted to enter the file-
name of a pattern previously saved.

Printing A Pattern

The heart of Needlework Graphics
Editor is its print option. To print a
design, press CONTROL-P. The
program first asks if your printer is
on. Type y to print your pattern.
The program prints a graph of your
design with each of the 16 colors


represented by a special symbol.
For example, all yellow squares are
represented by an .v, orange ones by
an =, and so on. A complete list of
symbols and the colors they repre-
sent is printed below each pattern
to make it easy to follow.

If you change your mind after
issuing a load, save, or print com-
mand, simply press RETURN at the
first prompt and you'll be returned
to the editor with no action taken.

Needlework Graphics Editor
has several other interesting op-
tions. Pressing @ displays the sta-
tus of the disk drive. The HOME
key moves the cursor to the top left
corner of the screen, and CLR clears
the screen. The f7 key displays a list
of commands, and f8 returns you to
BASIC. For a complete list of Nee-


dlework Graphics Editor's com-
mands, see the reference table on
the previous page.

Needlework Graphics Editor
can be used not only for cross-stitch
and needlepoint, but also for any
project that requires a color graph,
just remember when designing that
your video screen represents a hori-
zontal to vertical ratio of 3:5 (24
lines by 40 columns), even though
it is almost square. When your de-
signs are printed, they will be in the
proper 1:1 ratio, so make them a lit-
tle taller than wide to compensate.
Also, if your design is larger than
the 24 X 40 layout of the screen,
simply divide your work into sec-
tions, saving each section as you go.
See program listing on page 111. fl?

COMPUTE'S Gazettg January 1988 53


Tile Paint For The 128


Paul W. Carlson


This creative utility adds a new function to BASIC 7.0's al-
ready impressive graphics arsenal ¡ª tile painting. With it, you
can fill any portion of your screen loith colorful tile-like pat-
terns. Five demonstration prograjjis are included to help you
get the most from this useful program. For the 128 with disk
drive. A color monitor is suggested.


BASIC 7.0 contains just about every
graphics capability that you would
normally want^with one excep-
tion. The PAINT statement does
not have the option of flooding an
area with a repetitive pixel pattern.
This type of painting is often called
tile painting or lilitig, because the
pattern repeats just like the pattern
on an intricately tiled floor. Tile
painting can enhance bar graphs,
pie charts, and many other applica-
tions. "Tile Paint," the program ac-
companying this article, is a short
machine language routine that
makes tile painting as easy as paint-
ing with solid colors.

Because Tile Paint (Program 1)
is a machine language program, it
must be entered using "MLX," the
machine language entry program
found elsevsrhere in this issue. Be
sure to read the instructions for
using MLX before you begin enter-
ing data. When you run MLX, you'll
bo asked for a starting and an end-
ing address for the data you'll be
entering. The correct values for Tile
Paint are as follows:

Starling address: ]960
Ending address: lAEF

54 COMPUTEfS Gajteflo January 1988


After you've entered all the
data, be sure to save a copy with the
filename TILEPAINT before leav-
ing MLX because each of the five
demo programs look for a file with
this name.

Tile Paint creates a wedge into
the BASIC interpreter which en-
ables a new BASIC statement called
TPAINT. The TPAINT statement
has exactly the same syntax as the
PAINT statement and is used in cx-
acdy the same way. The only differ-
ence between TPAINT and PAINT
is that TPAINT paints a pattern de-
fined by the eight bytes in memory
locations 2816 to 2823.

A Demonstration

To see how Tile Paint performs,
type in Program 2 and save it on the
same disk as Tile Paint. When you
run the program, the 20 tiling pat-
terns that are built into Tile Paint
will be displayed. Tile Paint is not
limited to these patterns, however.
Later we'll learn how to specify
new patterns. When the display is
complete, press any key to clear the
screen.


Program 2, a demo, includes 20 tiling
patterns.

Program 2 demonstrates some
important things to keep in mind
when using Tile Paint, so a brief ex-
planation of some key parts of the
program will be useful. Line 40
loads the machine language and tile
patterns into memory and then
skips over the subroutine in line 50.
The subroutine in line 50 moves the
tile pattern specified by the variable
PA into memory locations 2816 to
2823, where it will be found by Tile
Paint, The variable PA can have
any value from 0 to 19. These val-
ues correspond to the numbers you
see displayed under the patterns
when you run Program 2. Any pro-
grams you write that use the pat-
terns built into Tile Paint should
contain this subroutine. Line 60 in-
stalls the wedge into BASIC, copies
the BASIC paint routine from ROM
into RAM, and then modifies the
copy to do tile painting,

A side effect of these events is


^^^?.^gE4^


The Mission is Vital. The Odds are


ill


You're one of the elite. . . parachuting alone

behind enemy tines. The enemy controls

the terrain, hidden in bunkers and machine

gun nests . . . you may be surrounded. You might complete the

mission If you crawl through the ravine and approach from the

rear. . . or maybe a frontal attack wilt take them by surprise.

MIcroProsehasbroken new ground with AIRBORNE RANGER,
the quality action game where tactical thinking and lightning
reflexes determine your fate. Your missions will vary as much as
the climate and terrain. Slip silently into position to rescue
prisoners trapped in "tiger pits" from a P.O.W. camp, or throw
caution to the wind and try to destroy a key munitions dump in
the desert. But watch out. . . enemy troops can attack from
any direction.

The action Is fierce as you control one soldier's battle against
overwhelming odds. You'll need skill and strategy to out-
maneuver your enemy, plus
courage and some luck to make
your escape. Along the
"'"^ way, search out that hid-
den cache of weapons and
first aid supplies. . . you'll
probably need them.


^SSiSS^'^


AIRBORNE RANGER is a fast-paced, quick-to-learn game
with 12 desperate missions in three different regions of the
world. You'll be running, walking and crawling across full-
scrolling, 3-D terrain. Arm yourself with an IVl-1 6 assault rifle,
bayonet, LAW rocket (Light Antitank Weapon) or time bomb,
but be wary of enemy submachine guns, antitank rockets,
robot minitanks, minefields and flamethrowers,


AIRBORNE RANGER,
an adventure.


(More than just a great game. It's


AIRBORNE RANGER is available Irom a "Valjed MicroProse Retailer" tVMR)near
yoj. Call us for locations! For Commodore 64/128, IBM-PC/compallbles and
Apple ll+/e/c. Call or write for specific machine availability, and for MC/VISA
orders if product not found locally.


t\ I n u o n N 1:


l^'-''if^^^^-i%J--: ;


.¡ö?tt>>tH^g3ne


that BASIC READ statements will
no longer execute properly. There-
fore, when using Tile Paint, all
READ statetncitts slwuld occur before
the SYS6656 cotnviaud thai installs
the wed^e. Programs that need to
mix READ and TPAINT statements
should execute a SYS6656 state-
ment to install the wedge just
before each TPAINT statement and
execute a SYS6872 statement to re-
move the wedge immediately after
each TPAINT statement. This prob-
lem with READ statements is the
reason that the wedge, unlike most
BASIC wedges, is installed and re-
moved each time a program that
uses Tile Paint is run. The TPAINT
statement in line 140 is immediate-
ly preceded by a GOSUB statement
that moves the pattern number PA
to the memory location where
TPAINT can find it. Line 180 re-
moves the wedge.

The TPAINT statement also
works in high-resolution mode.
Type in, save, and run Program 3 to
display the tile patterns in hi-res.
You'll notice that some patterns
look better in multicolor mode than
in high resoludon, and vice versa.


Program 4, "Pie Chart." reveals some
iiiteresling possibilities.

For a practical demonstration
of just how useful Tile Paint can be,
type in, save, and run Program 4,
"Pie Chart." Attractive displays
like this are easy with Tile Paint.
Notice in the program listing that
the READ statement is executed
prior to installing the wedge.

Your Own Patterns

You can easily place your own tile
patterns into Tile Paint, either tem-
porarily or permanently. Program 5
places new tile patterns into the ex-
amples 6 and 9 and then displays
the new patterns. Every tile pattern
consists of an 8 X 8 block of pixels.

S6 COMPUrcrs Gazette January 198^


128 Display Modes

Clifton Kames, Assistant Editor

The Commodore 128 is a superb graphics machine offering six standard
display modes (four for graphics, two for text), one special graphics mode,
and fourteen BASIC 7.0 graphics commands.

The 128's impressive array of display modes is made possible by two
video chips that produce two different video signals. The VIC II chip
(8564), creates a single composite signal for all colors. This signal, which
requires a composite monitor, is used for the 128's 40-column text and
graphics modes. (The VIC II is the video chip used in the 64.) The 128's
other video chip, the 8563, creates an RGB signal by separating the red,
green, and blue colors (hence the name RGB) and sending them individ-
ually to the monitor. The RGB signal produces a sharper image than the
composite signal and requires an RGB monitor. This signal is used for the
128's 80-column text and graphics modes.

Five of the six standard display modes (0-4) use the VIC II's compos-
ite signal. The two remaining modes (5 and the unnumbered, 80-column,
high-resolution mode) are generated by the 8563. Here's a list of the
modes with their corresponding mode numbers:

0 40-column text

1 standard high resolution

2 split-screen high resolution

3 muiticoloi high resolution

4 split-screen high resolution

5 90-column text
SO-column high resolution

Display modes 1-4 and the 80-column high -resolution mode are
graphics modes. The two remaining modes ¡ª 0 and 5 ¡ª are for text only.
Let's take a detailed look at each mode.

40-column text. This may be the most popular mode on the 128. In
addition to the usual ASCII characters, this mode offers Commodore
graphics characters and custom-defined characters. All 16 colors are avail-
able for text.

Standard high resolution. This mode displays the highest compos-
ite-signal resolution the VIC II produces: 320 X 200 pixels. Two colors are
available, referred to as background and foreground. This mode can be ac-
cessed with BASIC 7.0's drawing commands, and characters can be print-
ed using the CHAR command.

Split-screen high resolution. Split-screen high resolution is the
standard high-resolution mode with a text window at the bottom of the
screen. The text window is useful for issuing BASIC 7,0 commands in di-
rect mode or mixing text with hi-res graphics.

Multicolor high resolution. The multicolor high-resolution mode of-
fers four colors, referred to as background, foreground, multicolorl, and
multicolor?. In order to double the number of colors, each pixel is twice as
wide in this mode as in the standard high-resolution mode. The result is a
screen resolution of 160 X 200,

Split-screen multicolor high resolution. This mode is the multicolor
counterpart of the split-screen high-resolution mode discussed above. It
consists of the multicolor high-resolution display with a text window at
the bottom of the screen.

80-coiumn text. The 8563's RGB signal produces this mode, which
displays twice the resolution of the VIC II, The character set is the same
one as in the 40-column text mode, including normal ASCII characters and
Commodore graphics characters. There are 1 6 colors available for text in
this mode,

80-column high resolution. This mode is unique because it is not
supported by BASIC 7,0 graphics commands. It offers the highest resolu-
tion available on the 128 ¡ª 640 X 200, Although the drawing commands


The Commodore Connection


COMMODORE COMPUTERS


PRINTERS


AMIGA SOFTWARE


AMIGA 500 SYSTEM

Includes; A500, 1 Meg, A 1080 Monitor,
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COMMODORE 64 SYSTEM

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Dfive, CB1802 Monitor 529.00

128 System Package w/2002/1571 759.00

CBM128 Mouse 34.99

CBM128 512K Memory Expansion 169.00

C64 256K Expansion 149.00

C64 Power Supply 29.99

Amiga 1 MB BoardraK ..249.00

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Amiga Sidecar 799.00


ACCESSORIES


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CB128 Universal Monitor Cable 16.99


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MODEMS


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6480 300-1200 Baud (or 64/128 109.00

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HAYES

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Smartmodom 1200 319.00

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COM 1660 (064)..... 49.99

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HEWLETT PACIomo

Think Jet ....369.00

OKIDATA

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ML-192+ 200 cps Dot Matrix,. 3^.00

ML-292 200 cps 80 Col 399.00

STAR MICflONICS

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TOSHIBA

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P351C 24 Pin Color 1099.00


DRIVES


COMMODORE

1581 3'/2" Ext...., 229.00

Amiga 2010 G'/z" Internal Call

Amiga 1010 3V2" ..,?. 219.00

Amiga 1020 5'/a" 189.00

1541 C 169.00

1571 229.00

SUPRA

20 mb (Amiga) 759.00

XEBEC

20 mb (Amiga) 9720H 849.00


*34


99


DISKETTES


ALLSOP

Disk File 30 (3Vs") 9.99

Disk RIe 60 (5'A") .,,,,9.99

MAXELL

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Deluxe Print. 74.99

Instant Music 34.99

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TIMEWORKS

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Swiftcalc C128 49,99


COMPUTER MAIL ORDER


In the U.S.A. and Canada

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Outside the U.S.A. 717-327-9575 Telex 510B017S98 Fax 717-327-1217

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K) ISM>d<ing fiie


in BASIC 7.0 can't be used with this mode, it is possible to get super high-
resolution graphics by programming the 8563 chip in machine language.
(See "Barricade Buster: Accessing the 128's 80-Column Screen" in the No-
vember 1987 issue for a discussion and example of this technique.)

To tell BASIC 7.0 which of the six standard modes you want to acti-
vate, use the GRAPHIC command. Its syntax is
GRAPHIC mode number, clear, split line

The mode number is one of the six numbers (0-5) associated with each
mode discussed above. Clear is optional and allows you to clear the graph-
ics screen (a value of 1 clears the screen; 0 leaves the screen as it is). Split
line is used only with the split-screen modes, 2 and 4. This parameter spec-
ifies the starting line number for the text portion of the screen. If you
choose mode 2 or 4 and don't supply this value, BASIC 7.0 uses a default
of 19, which allows five lines for text at the bottom of the screen.

The standard high -resolution modes (1, 2, 3, and 4) all allocate a 9K
area of memory normally used for the storage of BASIC programs:
$1C00-$3FFF (7168-16383). BASIC text usually starts at $1C01 (7169),
but after issuing any GRAPHIC command that activates a hi-res screen,
the beginning of BASIC is moved up to $4001 (16385). Giving a GRAPHIC
command to move to a text mode will not deallocate this storage ¡ª that is,
it will not make this area available to BASIC again. To reclaim this storage,
you need to issue a GRAPHIC CLR command.


Each row of pixels can be thought
of as a binary number with on pixels
representing I's and o// pixels rep-
resenting O's. Both DATA state-
ments in Program 5 define a tile
pattern. The first number in each
DATA statement represents the top
row of pixels in the pattern, with
each successive number represent-
ing the next lower row of pixels. In
other words, tile patterns are de-
fined in exactly the same way as
user-defined characters.

Program 5 only temporarily
modifies Tile Paint, but you can
make the changes permanent. Sup-
pose, for example, that you had run
a program similar to Program 5 and
then decided that you would like to
have a permanent version of Tile
Paint with your new tile patterns in
it. This is easy to do. After running
the program, all you would need to
do to make a new version of Tile
Paint ¡ª say Tile Paint 2, which con-
tains the new patterns ¡ª is issue the
direct command BSAVE"TILE-
PAINT2",B0,P6496 TO P6896.

Tile Paint cannot use all possi-
ble tile patterns, but it can use a
large number of them. If you look at
the tile patterns displayed by Pro-
gram 2, you'll notice that nowhere
in any of the patterns are there two
white pixels¡ª the background
color ¡ª side by side (in multicolor
mode each pixel is displayed two
pixels wide). This is Tile Paint's
limitation: You can't define a tile

58 COMPUTEfs GazaNe January 1988


pattern that results in two side-by-
side pixels not being turned on. If
you do, you'll probably see the
painting come to a halt and an OUT
OF MEMORY error message dis-
played. This happens because the
TPAl.MT routine is a slightly modi-
fied version of PAINT, and PAINT
was not designed to do tile paint-
ing. This is not a serious limitation,
however: There are still thousands
of tite patterns you can design that
will work well.

Using PAINT And
TPAINT Together

You can use PAINT and TPAINT in
the same program. In fact, you can
first PAINT an area and then
TPAINT the same area with a dif-
ferent color. The interaction be-
tween the two colors can produce
some interesting effects, as demon-
strated by Program 6. The interac-
tion between the closely spaced
blue and green pixels causes some
red pixels to appear, giving the pat-
terns an added beauty.

Tile Paint is quite powerful, es-
pecially considering how short it is.
The program contains only 240
bytes of machine language and 160
bytes of tile patterns. Please note
that Tile Paint uses all the memory
from $1300 to $1BFF, so this area of
memory cannot be used by other
machine language routines.

See program listings on page 113. ffl


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Sound Manager


Hubert Cross


This useful program lets you create sounds interactively. With
a single POKE, the sounds that you design can be used in your
own progams. And best of all, the sounds are played in the
background, ivhile your BASIC program is still running. For
the Commodore 64.


"Sound Manager" is a powerful
tool that lets you explore the intri-
cate sound capabilities of the SID
chip in your Commodore 64. And
since it's likely you'll want to save
your audio creations, Sound Man-
ager lets you store 16 different
sounds in one file on disk or tape.
These sounds may be loaded for
later editing or for use in your own
BASIC programs.

To activate one of Sound Man-
ager's sounds from BASIC, all that's
required is to POKE the corre-
sponding sound number into mem-
ory location 2. The sounds created
by Sound Manager are interrupt
driven, so they operate at machine
language speed, without holding
up your BASIC program's operation.

Getting Started

To use Sound Manager, first type it
in using "MLX," the machine lan-
guage entry program found else-
where in this issue. After loading
and running MLX, respond to the
prompts with the following:

Starting address: COOO
Ending address: C807

After you've finished typing in the
program, be sure to save a copy to
tape or disk.

62 COMPUTErs GBzelle January 1988


"11 III 1 1 iHUlllllUHUnulUllUlllUUlliilHlllllii'ii


Create and save custom sounds for your
own progTams with "Sound Mattager."

To get started, type LOAD
"filename",8,l for disk, or LOAD
"filename", I, \ for tape, where file-
name is the name you used to save
the program. Then activate Sound
Manager by typing SYS 49152 and
pressing RETURN. Sound Manag-
er's main screen is displayed, show-
ing the 20 sound parameters. The
first parameter, SOUND #, is high-
lighted by the cursor. To change the
values shown for each of the pa-
rameters, use the fl and f3 function
keys to move up and down through
the list, and f5 and f7 to increment
and decrement the values dis-
played. Whenever you change a
value, you can immediately hear
the difference in the sound.


Tailoring Your Sound

Sound Manager comes with 16 pre-
set sounds. To hear them all, use
the f5 and f7 keys to increment and
decrement the current sound num-
ber. These sounds may be modified
for your own use or used as is. If
you wish to start with a clean slate,
move to each sound parameter and
decrement each value to its lowest
setting. As long as you don't save
the altered sounds on top of the
original Sound Manager file, the
initial sounds are safe.

Play with the values of the var-
ious parameters to find the exact
sound that you want. Note that to
get any sound at all, FREQ and
SUSTAIN must be set to a value
well above 0 and the A/D/S (At-
tack/Decay/Sustain) time should
be at 20 or more. To make things
easier, try modifying the preset
sound that most closely matches
the sound that you have in mind.

Each parameter is explained
below. (For a better understanding
about how each parameter affects
the sound, see "Sounds And The
64," accompanying this article.)

SOUND NUMBER (0-15).
Lets you define up to 16 different
sounds. By changing this number,
you can switch from one sound to
another.

FREQ (0-255). Changing this
value changes the high byte of the
frequency of voice one, thus affect-
ing the pitch of the sound.

RISE/FALL (0-254). To achieve


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? Thompson 4120 Monitor


Panasonic

1091 Model il


Quantities Limited


Smarteam

1200 Baud Modem


$89


95


Hayes Compatible


COMMODORE

HARDWARE

1541 C Disk Drive $164.95

1571 Disk DrtVB S2VS95

1581 Disk Drtvo JLOWEST

Indus GT C-64 Dnvo $1?9SS

B(uo Chip 64C DiWO S139.95

Sluo Chip C 128 DrlvB $196.99

ia02C Morttof S1K.9S

2002 Monilot $239.95

1901 Monitor $CALL

M C Computer $LOW

128D Compulsr/Drtve $439.95

1670 Modem SCALL

C-1351 Mouse $32.95

1700 RAM $1M.95

C-1750 RAM $16995

1764 RAM CM $124.95


Attention Educational
institutions:

If you are not currently

using our educational

service program, please

call our representatives

for details.

PC

COMPATIBLE

HARDWARE

PC SVi Drive $119

MS DOS + Basic Sofl S59

BCM 12G Gr. Monitor $89

BCM 12A Am. Monitor $89

BCM 14C Coior RGB Monitor $269

BCC CG Cdoi Card $84-99

BCPC PCXT Comp S5S9

AvatBx Graphics Card $169

Zuckortioanl (CALL

kxnoge BerrxjuHi > SCALL

Heroutes $CALL

AST $CAU.


HARD
DRIVES


^Seagate

20 mag kit $275,95*

30 meg kit $299.96-

40 mofl kit $4e9.95'

?Drives Indude qontroller

40 meg w/0 contiodar M25.95


COMMODORE 64C

COMPUTER


Priced too low
December Special! '¡ã P""*-


COMMODORE 64c


Syalem


$459


? Commodoro 64 C Computer
95 ? Commodore 1541 C Drive


aiiif*?nTiTi*


CHIP

PERSONAL
COMPUTER


? 1 00% IBM


(Qroen, amt^er

S co^or monilore

available]


BLUE CHIP special


? Blue Chip
j Personal Computer

? Seagate 20 Meg
Hard Drive


195


(Han) drive must
belnst^lstO


1-800-233-8760


Price Guarantee

Since 1 981 , we have led the industry by
continuing to offer the lowest national
prices while providing quality service. Many
companies have come and gone trying to
imitate our quality and service. If by some
oversight we do not liave the lowest prices
advertised on the products you desire,
then we would appreciate the opportunity
to rectify this oversight.


New 1080i Model II


? Now 150 cps
Draft Mode

? NLQ Mode

? Friction & Tractor
Feed

? 2- Year Warranty #

$157^^ ^


Panasonic

WSOi Modem


Monitors


Thomson:

230 Amber TTUIZ" SSS

450 Amboi rrmS" S149

9B0 Whilo TTUSO" SG95

4120 CGA S225.95

4160 CGA $289

4460 EGA.... $359

ZonUh:

ZVM 1220 $89

ZVM 1230 5S9


Btua CMp:

BCM 12- Green TTL $79

BCH 12- Amber TTl. S89

BCM 14- Color 5259.95

NEC:

Mullisync S549

Compara A Save $24.00
Thainion43T5 UllraSivn $525.95


Modems


THOMSON f J *"""

' " ¡ö**¡ö" ' ' "^ ¡ö¡ö' 12001 PC Card SB9.95

4120 Monitor i2oonc Mo<jem sg&as

2400 $209.95

24001 PC CariJ $199.95

Hayaa:

Smartmodom 300 $125

I 95 Smnrlmodom 1200 S369

Smanmodem 2400 $559


? 14" RGBI'Video
composito.'Einelog

? Comp^iiiblo wjth IBM
and Commodore

? RGB del a cablo
included


$225'


Wide Carriage Special


.IL


¡ö Hf*BUl-l*<


NX-10


? 1 20 cps Draft

? EZ Front Panel
Selection

? NLQ Mode


Commodore Ready


SEIKOSHA
SP 180VC


? 100 cps draft

? 20 cps NLQ

? direct connect
for Commodore


$144'= ~" $124


PRINTERS


95


SEIKOSHA

SP 180AI $124.95

SP 180VG $124.95

SP 1000VC $135.05

SP 1200VC S144.95

SP 1200A1 $155.95

SP 1200AS RS232 $155,95

SLflOAi $295.95

WPI3U0AJ isnm

MP530OAJ $375,95

aP5420Ai tS79.?$

SP Series Rrtjbon $7,95

SK3000 Ai , $??

SK3006 Ai $429

BROTHER

M1109 S195

U%*m $299

Ml SOB $365

M1709 W7S

Twinwrrlsr 6 Oot & Daily $899

M1724L $625

HR20 $339

HR40 $569

HR60 $709.95


NP-10 $129.95

NX-10 $144.95

NX-IOC w/lnl8r<aoa $166.96

NL-10 $195.95

NX-1S $289,95

ND-10 $249,95

ND-15 $375.95

N R- 1 5 $409.95

MB. 15 24 Pin $e99.9S

t^!J24-l0 24 Pin $409.95

NB24.15 24 Pin $549.95

Toshiba

J21SC 5489

341 SL $659

PiSI Model II $899

DIABLO

Dib 5499,95

635 $779.95


EPSON


LX800

$175 95

FXSfiE

.. $269,95

FX286E

., $429.95

Exeoo

.. S374 95

EX1000

LQ800

., $489.95
., $359.95

LQIOOO

., S549.95

La250Q

., $849.95

GO3500 ,

.,., $LOW

LCM50

., $499.95

LQ1050

SB7B 9S

Ofumalo 20 $119

Oiiirnate 20 w cart

120....

180 -?..-

182 -....

192* -.

193+ ...........

..$179 95
,. $183.95
,,$219.95
., $229.95
,5289.95
$429 95

292 w,-'irrterface

2B3 w,,'Enter1ace ..,.,...

294 w/intetfaca

393

.. $409,95
.. $549.95
., S769.95
. 5939.95

Panasonic

10801 Mo<i?l II $167,95

inrjIIMcKiol U $173,95

10921 $295

1592 $379

1595 $419

3131 $259

3151,,,,. $399

KXP 4450 U*w $CAa

1M4 24 Pin 5543,95

SILVER REED

EXP420P ..,.,5199

EXP eOOP $499

EXP 800P ? $649

#CITIZEN

120 D 5159,95

MSP-10 $259.95

MSP-20 $289,95

MSP-15 ? .-....?.. $324.95

MSP-25 $389.95

MSP-50 $375

MSP-55 $CALL

PremLm^ 35 $464.95

Tiibulo224 5624,95


Join tlie thousands wlio sliop Lyco and Save!


Wo stock Interlacing lor Atari, Commodore, Apple and IBM.


Lyco Means Total Service.


Mark "Mac" Bowser,
Sales Manager

t would personally
like to thank all of our
past customers for
helping to make Lyco
Computer one of the
largest mall order
companies and a
leader In the industry.
Also, I would like to
extend my personal
invitation to all computer
enthusiasts who have
not experienced the
. services that we provide.
Please call our trained

a^viis Staff at our toil free number to inquire about our

diverse product line and weekly specials.

Fifsl and loremost our philosophy is to keep abreast
of the changing market so that we can provide you with
not only factory-fresh merchandise but also the newest
models offered by the manufacturers at tfie absolute best
possible prices, And we offer the widest selection of
computer hardware, software and accessories.

Feet free to call Lyco if you want to know more about
a particular item. I can't stress enough that our toll-free
numtier is not just tor orders. Many companies have a
toll-free number for ordering, but if you just want to ask a
question about a product, you have to make a toll call. Not
at Lyco. Our trained sales staff is knowledgeable about all
the products we stock and is happy to answer any questions
you may have. We will do our best to make sure that the
product you select will fit your application. We also have
Saturday hours ¡ª one more reason to call us tor all your
computer needs.

Once you've placed your order with Lyco, we don't
forget about you. Our friendly, professional customer
service representatives will find answers to your questions

about the status of an
order, warranties,
product availability, or
prices.

Lyco Computer
stocks a muitlmllllon
dollar Inventory of
factory-fresh
merchandise. Chances
are we have exactly
what you want right in
our warehouse. And that
means you'll get it fast.
In fact, orders are
normally shipped within
24 hours. Free shipping
on prepaid cash orders
over $50, and there is
no deposit required on
O.D. orders. Air freight or UPS Blue/Red Label shipping is
available, too. And all products carr/ the full manufacturers'
warranties.

I can't see why anyone would shop anywhere else. Selec-
tion from our huge in-stock inventory, best price, service that
can't be beat ¡ª we've got it all here at Lyco Computer,
TO ORDER, CALL TOLL-FREE; 1-800-233-8760
New PA Wats: 1-M5-233-B760
Outside Continental US Call: 1-717-494-1030

Hours: SAM to BPM, Mon. - Thurs.
9AM to 6PM. Friday ¡ª 10AM to 6PM, Saturday

For Customer Service, call 1-717-494-1670,

9AM to 5PM, Mon. - Fri.

Or write: Lyco Computer, Inc.

P.O. Box 5088, Jersey Shore, PA 17740

Rlftk'Frv? Policy: ? full manutadurars' yvarrartties * no sales lax outskj^ PA
¡ö pfiees slww 4% cs$h dJScount; add 4% for ciedil cards ? APO, FPO,
jnlemolional: add S5 plus 3% for pdonty ? 4-week dsarance on person^ checks
? vie checN (m cfedrl catd thsfl ? sorry, compatibility not guaranteed * return
aiithofization required * prtce.^availabiFity subject to change


New Item!


Computer Area Light Center

? Heavy-duty weigWedljasfl tor
exira stability

? BuHE-rn slorage for disks.
pcris. and paper

? Tw)- hinged d^Sklop &tm for
oplimal postlionir>g

Introductory
price: $29.95

(includes clelJv?ry}


W Disc

f Storage A

r

QVS-10 5v'j S3 99

QVS-75 Svi S169S

QVS-40 31* $11.95

W Great
f News J

r

Peak Penpherals RSZ32
Modem adapter tor ce^12B

? Adapts std DB25 Modem m
your CDmm<?do? oomputef

Only $19.95


Printer
Interfaces


Xetec Jr $3B.95

Xetec Supergraphics ... S5S.9S

PPI $45.85

CardcoGWttil MS.SS

Cardco Super G S45.B5


Special
Purchase


Oala S^are-Messenger Mddem
300 Baud Auto DiafAuM
Answoi Modem

Only $29.95


Great
Bargain


Cor^river M-t Mouse

? Wofks With Goes

9 Complcto vtvth Grap^uc Uijhty

SothSfflrff

Only $32.95
Mouse Pad

* provHJ>s$ dodn. dusMfOO sur-
laco tor yctir mous^

? Mo-msr backing lo pfoiect
- your dssJc surlace

9x11 .... $10.95


5-1/4


ssoo

OSDb- ......

Bonui:

SSDD ?.

DSDD ?

SKC;

t^DD

DSHD ?

GensncOSO
Veftwttm:

SSDO -

OSDD

3.5

MucXI:

SSOO

DSOD


Pan lost

Pan 10B1 ...?
Epson FXiee
Epson FXas
gpson LXSG .
Slar NX 10 ....
Slai SRtO ....
Stat SRI 5...
01(1 182-192.
Soihostw SP

PC Cotof

Ct28

1571

Amiga


(MottOfCord


Printer
Paper


SOFTWARE


COMMODORE M COMMODORE


ifl.?

?.9S

S7.99

^?,?. SI 6.95

J $6.99

, $8.95

$12.9S

$12,50

.,?. $f7,B9

$t2.e9

ste.ee

Itl.M

.?. JM.M

a S)3,95

0 S1S.95

ree

t* of 5 bOk*ft


sticks


tcovers


$9.95

,. $9.95

SI 4.95

S9,BS

S9.B5

SB,95

S9.95

Sl*.95

S9.9S

series ....... S9.95

$10,95

S9.95

..? $9.95

._?.,? S14.95


inter
aper


M S9.9S

5er S19.95

¡öy, 20?J .... S9,95


150 sheet wNte. 201b .... S9.95
1000 sh. Gr. bai 14' ... $29.95
1000 maiiinfl tabols S9.95


Surge
Suppressors


OVS Surge 6ou!let $24.95

QVS Surge 6-oullet with

EMlRFt $32.95

OVS SurBB e-oollol wtlh

ind)C3tar $29.95

QVSe-oul, Pow, Sirip. S14.9S


Drive
Maintenance


Nortronles 5Vt Drive

Cleaner , $9.95

Nartronlcs 5 'A Orlvo
Cleaner Kit $17.95


Switch
Boxes


Cent 25' AS , S49.95

Cent '36' AB $49.95

RS232 ABC $52.95

Cent ABC $54.95

RS23a ABCD W9.95

Cent ABCD $59.95

Color Ribbons
Available


Video
Tape


SKC T120 VHS
Video Tape:

each ....?? ?. ?,.,. $4,49

3 pock SIZ.76

10 pBCh $39.90


Cioseouts!


Factory Fresh

Special Pricing

Call for Availability

Quonmm Link $SAVE

Leading Edge SSAVE

.Computer Cover-up

'(dustcovers) $SAVE

Novatron modems ....... SSAVE

Anchor modems SSAVE

Cortion SSAVE

TonNba VCR's SSAVE

Toknilia Monitor* SSAVE

Pannsonic Itlorltora SSAVE

,Oennl?)n Diskettes SSAVE

Greiil savings on Epyx,
Cardco, Eastern House, High
Tech Expressions, Time-
works, Spfnaker?
Scartwrough, Contlhenia],
'?id muctk merest


Generic

Ribbons


Sjivq up to 50% on

bmnd prieesl Call tor your

make and modell


Echston ..._.!I!^^S

Lsadsf Board $22.95

Mach 5 $19.95

"^Mach - 128 S28.9S

I'lOfh Ptamo ?. @2.95

Triple Pa* .?., St1.85

Wkl. a. Leader Brd. ... $22.95
Fanv>us Courses #1 ... $11.95
.Famous C^jurees #2 .- S115S
Action So?:

Up Periscope $18.95

TTiunder Ctmpper $NEW

AcUvtalen!

^ Aliofls $16.95

;Champton. Ba^elball . $19.95

?Hacker $6.95

Hackef 2 $19.95

Labyrinth SI 9.95

Music Stiidio $19.96

Tass Times $16.95

Tilanic $11.95

Leather Qoddesses $22.95

StatkJnIaiJ S19.95

Lutking Horroi S1S.95

Top Fuel Eliminator ...,. $15,96
Bartoley Sottworiii:

Geos :. $35.95

Deskpak I $20.95

Fonlpak i $17.95

Geodex $23.95

GeoHe $29.95

Writers Workshop $29.95

Geo Oak: $29.95

BrodcrlHtnd;

Bank SL Writer $27.95

Carmen San Diego $19.95

Graphc Utj. I, ?, III $13.95

Karalefca 512.95

Rim Shop S^4S

Prim Shop Compan, .... $22.95

Prinl Stwp Paper S12.95

ipyx:

Create A Calanda/ $15.95

Destroyer $22.95

Fasttoad $19.95

Football $11,95

Movte Monster S11.9S

Sub BalUe $22.95

Winter Games $22.95

Califofjiia Games $22.95

Super Cyde $11.95

Graphics Scrapbook .... $11.95
Sir, Sports BasketbatI . $22.95
WM.'s Great Baseball . $1 1 .95

Summer Games It S22.95

Vorpol Lrtility Kit S11.95

Worid Games $22.95

Firebird:

Ckilossus Chasa IV $19.95

Elite $18.95

Gokien Path $22.95

Gulid ot Thieves $22.95

Pav*n $22.95

Talking Teacher $22.95

Tracker $22.95

Stargtkler $22.95

Sentry $22,95

Ml^olesgue:

Mteroteag. Basetial S22.95

Gerwral Manager S15.95

Slat Disk S13.95

SeTeamOslt $11,95

Mk:roleag. Wrestlir^ SUew

Mlcioprot*:

F-15 Slnke Eagle S19.95

Gunstiip ., $19.95

Kennecty Approach $13.95

Sifeffl Service $19.95


Soto FBghl S13.95

Top Gunner $13.95

Origin:

Auloduel $28.95

Ultima III $22.95

Ultima IV $33.95

Moot! us $22-95

Springboard:

Newsroom $29.95

Csrtil^ta Maker S29.95

ClipAn Voi #1 $17.95

Clip Art Vol, #2 $23.95

aip An Vol. #3 $17.95

GraptilcB Expander $21.95

SInlegIc Simulation!:

Gemstone Hi^ater ., $16,95

Gettysburg $33.95

Kamptgruppe $33,95

Phantasie 11 $22.95

Phantasie III $22.95

Hing ol Zelfin $22.95

Road War 2000 S22.95

Stiard ol Spring $22.95

Wizards Crown $22.95

Wnr in the S, Pacific ... $33.85

Wargamo Constr $18.95

Batltecruiser $33,95

Gemstone Warrior ,., $7.95

Battle ol Antetlem $ZS.95

Cokmsai Conquest $22.95

Computer Ambush S33.95

B.24 $19.95

SubtogIc:

FligM Simulator it $31.49

Jet Simulator $24.95

Might Wisskjn PlntMll ... $18.95

Scanorv l?i 1-6 $12-95

TTmewprki;

Parmer C64 $24.95

Partner 128 $39,95

Swift Gate 128 $29.95

Wofdvmter 128 $29.95

Unlaon WorM:

Aji Qallary 1 or 2 S14.9S

PrtrM Master $17,95


^^MSOt


Ac^si:

Loader Board S24,95

10th Frame $24,85

Tournamont #1 $14,95

ActlvlBlon:

Cliamp. Basketball $27,96

Championship GoU $24,95

GFL Football 527.95

Hacker S1B.9S

Hacker 2 $24.95

Music Studk) $29.95

Tass Times $24.95

Epyi:

Apshai Trikjgy $13,95

Rogue $22.95

Winter Games 522.95

World Games S22.95

Firebird:

Guild ol Til revas S26.95

Pawn $28.95

Slarglider .....,? K6.95

UlcTDproie:

Silent Sctvicn 524.95

Subtogic:

Fligm Smulotor II S32.95

Jet Simutatof S329S

;Sc?oeiyDisk Si?.9S


^mmBGA


Unison Wo*td: :3

Print Master 524^^

AH Gallery 1 o. ;' SiB-95


Accsea:

WW. CL Loader Board. $2f:a

lOm Frame S27.9S

Adhflikin:

PebMa Beach Got! $22.95

Champ BasobaU S22.95

Champ. Basketball $22.95

ZorkTrlklgy , $39.95

Leather Goddesses S22.96

Moonmlsl $22.95

Bnxttiljund:

Ancient Art o( War $25.95

Print Shop $32.95

Print Shop Compan S31.9S

GraphtoUb. tor II SI 9.95

KnrnlekJi $19.95

Toy Simp ,., $22,95

Benk SI. Writer 4 ,.,..., $44,95
Epyx:

Apshai Tnlogy $11.95

Create A Calendar $15.95

Doslroyor $22.95

Movie Monster $11,95

Rogue $16.95

SI, Sports Basketball ... $22,95
Sub Battle Simulator .? $22.95

Winter Game? 522,95

World Games $22.^

Firebird:

Slarglkier $25.95

Guikf ol Tlitoves K5.95

Ulerctoagua:

M?croleag- Base^H $2^95

General Manager $16.95

SUl Disk , $13.95

'a6TeamD<sk $11.95

Htcroproev:

Contlhct In Vietnam $22.95

Cnjsade in Europe $22.95

Decision in Desert $22.95

F-15 Strike Eagle $22,95

Silent Service S22.95

Gunship $27.95

Origin:

Umma I , $22.95

I III S22.95

I IV $33.95

Moeblus $33.95

Ogre $16.95

Streleglc Simulation!:

Road War 20OO $22,95

Karapignjppe $33,95

Shard ol Spnng $22,95

Battle ol Anletiem $33.95

Computer Baseball .,.,.,., $7,96

Gettysburg $33.96

Wiiards Crown $22.95

Chk:kamauga $33.95

Subloglc:

Jet Simuiatof $31.49

Scenery Japan $17.95

Scenery San Fran SI 7.95

Scenery #1-#6 $64.95

Flight Simulator $34.95

TVn???>rit!:

Swtftcalc $38.95

Wofdwrtter , $34.M

Untaon World:

ArtGaiiory2 $14.95

News Master S49.95

Print Master ( + ) S29.95

Foms 4 Bordera $17.95


pping on Prepaid casli orders over S50 in the Continental US.


a rise or fall effect, the interrupt
routine adds or subtracts one-
sixteenth of this value from FREQ
every one-sixtieth of a second. An
even number causes the FREQ to
rise; an odd one makes it fall.

WAVEFORM (0-3). Use 0 for a
triangle, 1 for a sawtooth, 2 for a
pulse, and 3 for a noise waveform.

PULSE WIDTH (0-255). This
determines the width of a pulse
waveform.

ATTACK, DECAY, SUSTAIN,
RELEASE (0-15). These four values
shape the sound's envelope,

A/D/S TIME (1-254). Time in
jiffies (a jiffy is one-sixtieth of a sec-
ond) that the ATTACK/DECAY/
SUSTAIN part of a sound lasts.

RELEASE TIME (1-254). Also
in jiffies. Although you can enter
values greater than 127, the release
time lasts a maximum of 127 jiffies
only. To calculate the actual release
time for values greater than 127,
subtract 128. A value of 127 or less
causes the sound to repeat over and
over. A value of 128 or more causes
the sound play only once,

SYNCHRO (0-1). Zero is off. A
value of 1 synchronizes your sound
with voice 3. Voice 3 must have a
frequency greater than 0 in order
for synchronization to take effect.

RING MOD (0-1). Zero is off.
A value of 1 turns on ring modula-
tion. This combines the frequency
of your sound with voice 3. You
must use a triangle waveform in
order for ring modulation to take
effect.

FILTER FREQ (0-255). This
value alters the high byte of the fil-
ter's cutoff frequency.

FILTERS (0-4). A value of 0
turns filters off. Use 1 for a low-
pass, 2 for a band -pass, 3 for a high-
pass, and 4 for a notch filter,

RESONANCE (0-15). Use 0 for
no resonance and 15 for maximum
resonance at the cutoff frequency
(FILTER FREQ). Resonance affects
the sound only if filters are used,

VOICE 3 FREQ (0-255). Same
as the FREQ parameter, above, but
for voice 3. Voice three is not heard.
Instead it is used in frequency mod-
uladon, synchronization, and ring
modulation.

VOICE 3 RISE/FALL (0-255).
Same as RISE/FALL above. As
with our main voice, whether voice


Sound And The 64

Randy Thompson, Assistant Editor

The SID (Sound Interface Device) chip is very versatile. It is the heart of all
sound produced on the 64. With the SID chip, you can shape sounds by
altering the frequency, waveform, and envelope for any of three separate
voices. The SID chip can even produce special sound effects using syn-
chronization, ring modulation, and frequency filtering. Although these
terms may seem intimidating at first, with a little explanation and experi-
mentation, you'll be turning these terms into sounds.

Frequency

Usually, when we talk about sounds, we refer to them by pitch ¡ª that is, B
flat, F sharp, middle C. On the SID chip, a numeric frequency value deter-
mines the pitch of a sound. The higher the frequency value, the higher the
pitch.

Technically, there are two, eight-bit frequency registers for each of the
SID chip's three voices. With two registers, there are 65,536 possible fre-
quency sett tings, providing a wide range in frequency resolution. Appen-
dix E in The Commodore 64 Programmer's Reference Guide lists the
frequency values necessary for generating any note within an eight-octave
range. (Note that the "Sound Manager" program allows you to change
only one of the frequency registers ¡ª the most signigicant one ¡ª giving you
256 possible settings.)

Waveform

Every sound has a waveform, which is the shape of a sound as it passes
through air. Although we cannot see a sound's waveform, we can hear it.
The SID chip can create four different waveforms: triangle, sawtooth,
pulse, and noise waveform.


BlK


Tr ianglfl


Sawtooth


Pulsv


Fiaure II Maveforns


Each waveform has a unique flavor. The triangle wave, with its even,
symmetrical shape, creates a mellow, flute-like tone. The triangle wave is
closest in shape to the most basic sound wave of all ¡ª the sine wave. The
sawtooth wave has a brazen quality, like a saxaphone. Its shape lends itself
to added harmonics, making it the loudest of all waveforms available on
the 64,

The last two waveforms are not often found in nature; they are of a
more digital electronic nature. Like the bits in a computer, the pulse wave
is either in an on (high) or off (low) state. Straight, rigid lines identify a
pulse waveform. The sound created by a pulse waveform depends much
on the yulse width. Depending on this width, a pulse waveform produces
sounds ranging from a bright, brassy tone to a nasal, reedy buzz.

The noise waveform generates a random wave shape, resembling the
output of a seismograph during an earthquake. The sound produced by a
noise waveform is determined mainly by its frequency. A low frequency
creates a low grumbling noise, while a high frequency produces an explo-
sion-type sound.


68 COMPUTE'S Gazette JanuatY 198S


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Envelope

A sound's envelope determines how
a sound's volume (amplitude) is af-
fected over time. On the SID chip,
the envelope is determined by four
parameters: attack, decay, sustain,
and release. Attack refers to the rate
at which a sound reaches its highest
volume. The decay is the time it
takes a note to decrease from the
maximum volume to the sustain
level. A sound stays at its sustain
level until it is turned off. (Specifi-
cally, this means turning off the SID
chip's gate signal for a particular
voice.) The release time determines
how long it takes for the sound to
drop from the sustain level to non-
existence (zero) after the note has
been turned off. The ear is very sen-
sitive to variations in the volume of
a sound, and the envelope is one of
the most important ways that we
distinguish different musical
instruments.


..?.. T?,

i A

Sustain

C-Z5

i

~^

"/

?? ..^S, ^ ,.

/

1

Attack N R>laasa
Dbc?u
Figure 2t Env>lopa


3 rises or falls depends on this value
being even or odd.

VOICE 3 WAVEFORM (0-3).
Use 0 for a triangle, 1 for a saw-
tooth, 2 for a pulse, and 3 for a
noise waveform,

VOICE 3 PULSE WIDTH
(0-255). This determines the width
of a pulse waveform.

VOICE 3 FREQUENCY MOD-
ULATION (0-4). The output of
voice 3 can be used to modulate
voice 1 to produce even more intri-
cate sound effects. Zero is off, and 4
selects the highest amount of
modulation.

When you've made all the
sounds that you need, press SHIFT-
S to save your sounds to tape or
disk. When prompted, enter the
filename of your choice. When
Sound Manager saves your sounds,
it saves the entire Sound Manager
program along with them. To use
saved sounds, simply load the

70 CXMPVTEfs Gazette January 1308


Special Effects

The SID chip offers several special
effects for sound creation. You can
synchronize two voices so that their
fundamental frequencies are actu-
ally in sync ¡ª the start of one fre-
quency cycle triggers the start of the
other ¡ª creating some interesting
harmonic effects. Ring modulation
mathematically combines the fre-
quencies of two voices by output-
ting their sum and differences and
suppressing the original frequen-
cies. Ring modulation is primarily
used for generating percussion or
gong-like tones.

Each of the SID chip's voices
can be modified by a programma-
ble/ilfer. As the name implies, a fil-
ter filters a sound's frequency,
allowing only certain frequencies to
"pass" through. The low-pass filter
lets low frequencies through; band
pass allows only midrange frequen-
cies; and high pass lets high fre-
quencies pass. A notch filter is a
special case: It's the combination of
the low- and high -pass filter. By
blocking the midrange frequencies,
a notch filter creates a hollow
sound. The figure below illustrates
a filter's effect on sound.

To determine just what a
"high" or "low" frequency is, use
the SID chip's cwfo^ register. Cutoff


...

?iBt.-

pass

-

^

s

>

r

J

r

c

>

CuVoFF

in
<n

m

-

1 1

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1

¡ö 43

-

/

J

,'

/\

1 >

K.,

<4-

pasS'

-

¡ös

a...J....

sj

[\

\

...

¡ö¡öT"T"'

^

S^

_

ClrfOFF CUTBFF

FREQUEHCV
Figur* 31 Fllt?r?

determines the frequency at which
the filters become active. Anything
lower than the cutoff frequency is
considered low, and anything high-
er is considered high.

Resonance can be described as a
filter's volume control. The higher
the resonance value, the louder the
frequencies close to the cutoff fre-
quency. Resonance can be used to
give filters a more drastic effect.

One special effect (not used
very often) is frequency modulation.
The SID chip allows you to read the
output of voice 3's waveform. By
taking this output and adding it to
the frequency of another voice, say
voice 1, you achieve what is called
frequency modulation. When used
properly, frequency modulation
produces impressive results.


sound file just as you would Sound
Manager itself. Once loaded, you
may enter SYS 49152 to edit the
sounds further, or you may enter
SYS 49155 to activate Sound Man-
ager without displaying the edit
screen (see below).

To exit the sound edit screen,
press SHIFT-Q. You'll be back in
direct mode. If the current sound is
still playing, enter POKE 2,16 to
turn it off.

Using Your Sounds

The following lines need to be in-
serted into your BASIC programs to
load and activate the sounds you
have created:

1 IF L-0 THEN L-l:LOAD "fiU-
?am(T",8,l:REM TAPE USER USE
LOAD "Hlename",!,!

2 SYS 49155:REM ACTIVATES SOUND
MANAGER WITHOUT SHOWING
EDITING SCREEN

3 POKE 2,X:REM X IS THE NUMBER (1
TO 16) OF THE SOUND THAT YOU
WISH TO USE


Filename should be the filename of
a sound file that you've previously
saved, or if you wish, the name of
the original Sound Manager
program.

Any time you want to use a
sound in your BASIC program, just
POKE the sound number (0-15) to
location 2. Note that the sounds
with RELEASE TIME set to 127 or
less keep repeating, while those
with a value of 128 or more sound
off just once. Type POKE 2,16 to
turn off any sound. (This statement
also allows you to use the SID chip
the traditional way, with POKEs
from BASIC). POKE 2,255 to get
your old sound back where you left
off, or POKE any value between 0
and 15 to choose one of your other
sound effects.

To deactivate Sound Manager,
press RUN/STOP-RESTORE.
See program listing on page 103. ?


D 64.


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I


Sprint II

A Compiler For The 64


Robert A. Stoerrle and David Penry


Here's a BASIC compiler that caii make your programs execute
up to 50 times faster. Written in jnachine language and ex-
tremely easy to use, "Sprint U" supports most Commodore 64
BASIC commands, statements, and functions. "Sprint" was first
published in the January 1986 issue of GAZETTE. This updated
version includes support for file commands such as OPEN,
CLOSE, PRINTS, and GET#. A disk drive is required.


What's the chief complaint when it
comes to Connmodore BASIC?
Speed, or more precisely, the lack of
it. Yet the language itself is not what
earns BASIC its reputation as pains-
takingly slow ¡ª it's the way that it's
implemented, BASIC is inteqjreteii.
Most faster languages are compiled.

Whether a program in a high-
level programming language is in-
terpreted or compiled, each
statement has to be translated into
the machine language of the com-
puter. With an interpreter, this has
to be done every time the statement
is executed. This slows down exe-
cution speed considerably. Howev-
er, a compiler translates the entire
program once ¡ª before execution,
So, when you run the program, it
executes much faster than a compa-
rable interpreted program.

"Sprint 11" is a BASIC compiler
that supports a subset of BASIC
statements available on the 64, in-
cluding LET, FOR, NEXT, IF, POKE,
PRINT, READ, DATA, and INPUT.
It supports integer numbers (but no
fractions), numeric and string vari-
ables, and one -dimensional numeric
arrays. Sprint II also supports a wide
range of functions, including LEFTS,
RIGHTS, M1D$, PEEK, STR$, and

72 COMPUTEVa Gazette January 19B8


VAL. Unlike the original version of
Sprint, Sprint II supports file opera-
tions, making it even more useful.

Typing In The Program

Sprint II is written entirely in ma-
chine language and must be typed
in with MLX. After loading MLX,
run it. When prompted for the start-
ing and ending addresses, enter
these values:

Starting Address: 3000
Ending Address: 97D7

Since Sprint II is a very large
program, you may want to type it in
more than one sitting. Be sure to
follow the instructions in the MLX
article to save your work between
sittings, and always load up your
previous work before typing further.

Once the program has been
typed in and saved, it can be loaded
with the following statement:
LOAD"SPRINT ir,S,l
To run it, type:
SYS 32768

Using Sprint II

The first step, of course, is to write
the BASIC program you wish to
compile. You can do this with the
normal BASIC built into your 64. If


you wish, you can test the program
on the interpreter first by running
it. This will not always work, as
Sprint II has a slightly different syn-
tax for certain keywords.

When you're ready to compile
the program, save it on disk (Sprint
II compiles a program from disk, not
from memory). Load Sprint II and
type SYS 32768. You'll be prompted
for the filename of your BASIC pro-
gram. When you enter it, Sprint will
proceed to compile your program.
As the program is compiled, each
line will be listed to the screen, fol-
lowed by any error messages for the
line. Note that you can stop the
compiler simply by pressing the
STOP key. If the compilation finish-
es with no errors, you can type RUN
to execute the compiled program.
However, if there are errors, you'll
have to load the original BASIC pro-
gram (the source program) and
make the necessary changes.

Sprint II compiles programs
from beginning to end ¡ª it does not
follow GOTOs or GOSUBs, nor
does it evaluate IF/THEN state-
ments. Because of this, you can't
have conditional DIMs (IF . . ,
THEN DIM . . .) or conditional
FORs, Once a program has been
compiled, there's no need for the
compiler to be in memory in order
to run the program; Sprint II pro-
grams are self-sufficient.

After the source program is
compiled, the object program (the
resulting code) will reside in memo-
ry as if it were an ordinary BASIC
program. You can run and save it,


GRAPHIC LABEL WIZARD

Ttili H the nnsi jtip in ih? nofuGon of graphic
libaiing titiliiies. Thi Giaphic LitiilWiiifif can uia Print
Shop, Printmastir, irtS Sifflware Solulions graphlcil

Tfil? projrim ichjavii tht ptrlaci biljnci si ptwar
ind lliilbltjtji. Toil cm prlit t gripM inif up lo I Ilnii
ol Itil on I iitnilird milling linti. Urtd you am prtni
IdMi I Ihnii In my cgmblnittgn dI ttflti idii your
piiniii tupporiji Prijii lull OFii iibtl-or ill inc iiPui
(rom your mti dUkt. Print Eiiilot Pi8? nupliyiiii It
dlik grjphlcs on a sIngM pigi. And ouraipluihvg hl-m
(lipliy tialura allowi ypu ti loid irtd praview tin scrian
up 10 lour dltlarinl jraphfej simullinecuilyl

TM Graphic labU Wiia,d workt with boih
CommodarB prpnUrt inif Epten^pmpiiipte prtrtliri
*rd .t mn intluit. 50 aitmns n.? gr.phi,, ?? .??
? Bil m .tinn! 11 ycu-ra going la ?? , (?phfc
libiling utlliiy, ,ou miy i, w,i| u? fh, basi-ordir
IfOuri lodiyl '

f OT W? cs*CrM lif) 64 MODE) AND lUy

Jf .7i"*' ^"'"^^ UNPROTECTED (EASILY
TRANSFERRED TO 1SS1 D/SKSjLY iuTs


Ul't iKi nr ymi can bt a hrlsht. Ulantad. crttllva
parion-and ttlll nol bt abli to draw a ilralgbt hna wHh
a rulor. Well, wi can help.

Wa'na crtalad an iiciiing niw iifjas ot dip id
HHki. ?lch ditk ii a libriiy of lOO oulilanding
graphlM. Eich graphic it uuti on Ihe dim In both Prim
Shop (Side A) ind Pjinimiiiar graphic fannaut

Dim VirHly Patk Bill, s Amaricini

"I'*' Chrittmii DlikS , ViflalyPicli

OliU ,VtriatyPi{)( Oliu Sport,

"'"<? Anlmilj DllkB HoUdiyi

fou eii, uia thasa luptrb Imagai In your ilgni
cardi. bannari. Invhatkini, tlyari, or whatavai alia you
tint In mind, Thait priph^i ara alto parftct lor uie
"llh Ida dynimic Gnphlci Libtl WUifd progrtmi So
ardei renin lodiy-jrsji ,n m,i nner lo aflordimaJ
FOR THE C6*CTM fW ? MODE) AND 1M1/
iSTInm DRIVES. UNPROTECTED (EASILY
TRANSFERRED TO 1S81 DISKS)
¡ªONLY %ua5 EACH,


SYSRES ENHANCED

Thit li tha progiim thtt wUI chingi Ihi
way you think aboul BASIC. SYSRES raildat ?,^^
In maraory. eut at tha way. In the u hi man
BASIC enhincamanl lyitare lor CommiHlpra
contpuiart. II addi a>ar !J miier eommindi
to BASIC. II Ills Incorporate! an exiandad
SUPER Cos-wedge, reducing e??n Iha mail ' = ,
camplei command Mquences In i tew slmpla
keyslrokes. It oven allows yau to (crolE
lorward end hackwird through your BASIC
prDgrimi.

SYSBES htl leng bain tha prtjrim ol "¡ö"
chofca among p rota i tie nili werklng In
BASIC. It l?li you citite powartui mjcroi. II
illowi you 10 edn let! lilai and iitimhler
lourca code wilhaut leaving BASIC. SrSBIS
, can llnd and ehanga any viilabia, phrase, ar '^"'¡ö'
keyword anywhare In yaur program, with over
TDD search varlitioiii ivaUsbfa. II allows you
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flltt wilhoui loading iham Inio mamory. You '"^
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but if you type LIST, you'll see
10 SYS 2061

This is another advantage of using a
compiler ¡ª people can't easily LIST
or modify your program. Editing
can only be done on the source
program.

Constants, Variables,
And Expressions

Sprint II works much the same as
regular Commodore BASIC, How-
ever, there are some differences
you should keep in mind when
you're writing a program.

Constants are data values used
in BASIC programs, such as ¡ª 1,
4353, and "HELLO". Sprint 11 sup-
ports two types of constants: inte-
ger and string. Integer numbers are
limited to -32768 to 32767. How-
ever, numbers greater than that are
allowed in POKE, PEEK, and SYS
statements. String constants are
characters enclosed in quotation
marks. The closing quotation mark
may be omitted if it's at the end of a
line.

Sprint II supports both numer-
ic and string variables. Variable


Sprint II Keywords


A.BS

AND

ASC

CHRS

DATA

DIM

END

FOR/TO/STEP

GET

GOSUB

GOTO

IF . . . THEN . . .


INPUT

LEFTS

LEN

LET

MID$

NEXT

OR

PEEK

POKE

POS

PRINT

REM


RESTORE

RETURN

RIGHTS

READ

RND

SGN

SPC

STR$

SYS

TAB

VAL


names may be of any length, but
must not contain any reserved ivords
(words that are significant to the
compiler, such as POKE and
THEN). Only the first 15 characters
are looked at, however. Integer
variables may be terminated by a
percent sign (%) if desired, but all
regular numeric variables are as-
sumed to be integers anyway, since
there are no floating point num-
bers. String variable names must be
terminated with a dollar sign ($).

Strings are limited to ten char-
acters, unless specified otherwise. If


you want to include more charac-
ters, DIMension the string, as if it
were an array, to the maximum
number of characters it will hold.
The maximum number of charac-
ters allowed in a string is 253.

In addition to integer variables,
Sprint II supports one-dimensional
integer arrays. Subscripts may
range from 0 to 126. Arrays that are
not DIMensioned are assumed to
consist of 11 elements, numbered
0-10. The format for assigning,
reading, and dimensioning integer
arrays is identical to that for inter-


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76 COMPUTEI's Gazstle January 1988


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preted BASIC, except that the sub-
script of a variable may not be
another subscripted variable or an
expression. It must be an integer
constant or an integer variable.

Numeric expressions in Sprint
11 may contain integer constants,
variables, arrays, functions, and op-
erators. The operators supported by
Sprint II are +, ¡ª , *, /, as well as
the logical operators AND and OR,
and the relational operators =, <,
>, <>, < = , and > = . Parentheses
are not permitted. Unlike interpreted
BASIC, expressions are evaluated
strictly left to right; there is no oper-
ator precedence. To get around this,
you must break up the expression
into several smaller expressions,
and then put the results of these
back together. For example, this
expression:

SUM - A -I- X'Y -i- B -(- 1*1,
becomes

Ql - X?Y:Q2 = I*J:
SUM -A-f-Ql+B-t-Q2

Strings can be compared using
the relational operators as in regular
BASIC. They can also be concatenat-
ed (one string appended to the oth-
er) using the plus sign. Note that the
result of a string expression must not
be longer than the number of char-
acters allocated for the string.

When an expression is as-
signed to a variable, the LET may
be omitted.

Statements

A complete list of the keywords
available in Sprint II appears in the
Sprint H Keywords table. Most key-
words function the same as in regu-
lar BASIC, except for the following:

? DATA. The DATA statement
has one small idiosyncrasy: Items
that include spaces must be en-
closed in quotation marks, or the
item will be read as if it doesn't con-
tain a space (YOU ARE becomes
YOUARE.)

? DIM. The DIM statement can
only be used to declare one-dimen-
sional numeric arrays. Multidimen-
sional arrays are not permitted, nor
are string arrays. A string is dimen-
sioned to the maximum number of
characters it will hold, like an array
of numbers representing each char-
acter of the string. Only integer
constants are allowed between the
parentheses of variables in a DIM
statement.


File Commands

?CLOSE file number ^^^^^

POKE 3870S,/?7e numbenStS 38710


?CMD file number, string
POKE 3870S,/i7e HUWjbcfiSYS 38722;FRINT string^

?GET# file Humber,variabie list
POKE 3870S,/(7e numberiSXS 38731:GET variable (is hSYS 38731

?INPUT* file number,variable
POKE 3870S,/i;c number-.GOSVB 60100wariabte-OP (for numeric

variables)
POKE 3B705,file number.GOSUB 6nmivariable~ OPS (for string
variables) ^^>^^^^'.

?LOAD filename,deviee,address

POKE 39703,0:OP5-/(7entfWf:GOSUB 600afl:POKE 3&706,device:
POKE 38707,flrfiress:SYS 38S13

OPEN file number,device,addres$,string
POKE 38705,/i(e numbcr.POKE 3S7QS,deviee
POKE 38707,flridress:OPS-5/r/H^:GOSUB 60000;SYS 38740

?PRINT# file number,variables
POKE 3870S,//;e numbenS'iS 38722!PRINT t-flrlfl6te:SYS 38740

?SAVE filename,device,address ''vSIx'

POKE 38706,d?Ji?:POKE ZWl\y7,a<tdrcss:OPi=fiienameiGQSVB 60000;SYS

0P$-/(7ertamKG0SUB 60000!pOKE 3S706,rf(w/cKPOKE 3?7D5,l!SYS 39813 ^-^


?STATUS
SYS 38806:STAT


¡öPEEK(38709)


Sprint II Error Messages

BAD FILE¡ª Sprint 11 only reads program files. This error results if the filename of
a gcquential file \s, entered. This error may also happen if program line has more
than 80 characters or a read error occurs.

DISK ERROR¡ª The disk error channel is checked prior to each pass. U there is an
error, it is displayed and compilation is aborted.

DEVICE NOT PRESENT¡ª The disk drive is not connected to the serial bus, nor is
it turned on.

NOT SUPPORTED¡ª A statement that is legal in Commodore BASIC but illegal in
Sprint H was used.

ILLEGAL FUNCTION USE¡ª A function was used where a statement should have
been used.

ILLEGAL STATEMENT USE¡ª A statement was used where a function should
have been used.

NON-EXiSTING LINE¡ª A GOTO or GOSUB attempts to branch to a program line
that does not exist.

SYNTAX ¡ª A misspelled keyword, extra parenthesis, and so on.

TOO MANY FOES~lt is unlikely that you'll ever encounter this error, as up to 19
FOR/NEXT loops can be nested.

NEXT WITHOUT FOR¡ª A NEXT statement attempts to end a loop which does not
have a corresponding FOR statement. vJi^iS

TYPE MISMATCH¡ª String data was used where numeric data was expected. 'vVv*?l

COMPILATION ABORTED¡ªEither the STOP key was pressed or an irrecoverable;;
error has occurred (file not found, and so on). ' '" '"

MISSING COMMA

MISSING PARENTHESIS

MISSING SEMICOLON

MiSSlNG EQUAL SIGN


78 COMPUTEi's GazeUe January 1988


The new Star Multi-Font.
How did Star get it all in there?


Friction and Ttactor
Feeds Built-in


High-Resoiution Graphics
(216x240 dpi)


Paper-Parking
Buiit-in


, Artie Ejqilorer.fsrff j^

4 i

jP^ -J

R^


trtclll^' Nx-ic?icc


2X


Four Fonts
Built-in


High Speed Built-in
(144 cps Draft; NLQ at 36 cps)


Commodore Interface
Built-in


It wasn't easy. But, we built an incredible
number of features into the Star NX-IOOOC
Mult! -Font "; So now you and your Commodore
can be as creative as you like.

The best feature in this new Star printer is
built into its name¡ª Multi-Font. It has four
built-in type fonts that give you twenty different
print style options. Just mix these fonts in with
Its high-resolution graphics to make great
looking reports, greeting cards, posters¡ª what-
ever you want.

And the list of built-in features goes on ¡ª


there's impressive speed in both draft and near
letter quality. And an automatic single sheet
feed. Plus, a paper-parking mechanism that lets
you use single sheets without removing tractor
paper. And the Multi-Font's easy-to-use push
button control pane! gives you command of
over thirty-five functions.

Whether it's for serious work or serious play,
the Star NX-IOOOC Multi-Font has so much
built-in, you'll get more out of your Commodore,
To find out where you can see the Multi-Font,
call 1-800-447-4700.

.IL


icro?ic?


Multi-Font piinloul produced by Flexidraw 5.5 graphics software by Inkwell Systems


The ImagePower? Printers


? FOR. This statement func-
tions the same as in Commodore
BASIC, but its syntax is somewhat
more particular. The TO value, and
the STEP value, if specified, must
be either integer constants or inte-
ger variables. Expressions are not
allowed. Also, every FOR state-
ment must have one, and only one,
matching NEXT statement.

? GET. In Sprint II, the GET
statement can be followed only by a
string variable, This shouldn't be a
problem, as numeric GETs are
prone to errors because of nonnu-
meric keystrokes, and the VAL
function can be used to change the
string to a number,

? IF, This statement functions a
bit abnormally when AND or OR is
used. Because expressions are eval-
uated without operator precedence,
the following statement will not
work:

IF A-B AND C-D THEN , . .

It would be evaluated as if it were

IF (A-B AND Q ~ D THEN . . .

To get around this, you can use the
following modification:

X = A-B:Y - C=-D:
IF X AND Y THEN . . .

The result of the comparison A=B,
which is ¡ª1 for true or zero for
false, is assigned to variable X. The
result of C = D is assigned to Y.
Now X and Y can be substituted for
those comparisons in the IF
statement.

. INPUT, Each INPUT state-
ment can assign input to just one
variable. In addition, all characters,
except leading and trailing spaces,
typed on the screen, are assigned to
the variable. This includes commas,
colons, and quotation marks.

Functions

Sprint II supports most Commo-
dore functions that do not require
floating point numbers. The argu-
ments of funcdons must be con-
stants or variables, not expressions.
Also, note that functions may not
be nested. For example, ABS{RND
(0)) is illegal. The following func-
tions work differently in Sprint II
than in regular BASIC:

? RND. The RND function al-
ways returns a number ranging
from -32768 to 32767, no matter
what its argument is. To scale the
number down to size, you can di-

80 COMPUTErs Gszsfte January 19B8


vide, using the equation:

Z =32767/ upper range:N-RND(0) AND

32767/Z

The AND is necessary to insure that
no negative numbers result. Sprint
II gets its random numbers from
voice 3 of the SID chip.

? MID$, This string function
has two forms in Commodore
BASIC: MID$(v$,x) and MID$
(v$,x,y). Only the latter form is sup-
ported by Sprint II.

? ASC, In Commodore BASIC,
using this function on a null (" ")
string results in an error. This does
not occur in Sprint II. Instead, a val-
ue of zero is returned.

File Operations

The first version of Sprint had no
provision for writing or reading files.
Sprint II adds a variety of useful file
operations, making the Sprint com-
piler even more powerful.

Sprint II does not directly add
new keywords to Sprint to handle
files. Instead, you must use the File
Commands table to find the equiv-
alent commands for each file opera-
tion. As an example, the statement
CLOSE 1 looks like POKE 38705,1
:SYS 38710 in Sprint II. Since
Sprint II allows REM statements,
it's a good idea to include one at the
end of each file operation to make
your programs more readable.
Here's an example: POKE 38705,1
:SYS 38710:REM CLOSE 1.

If you use these file operations
in a program, you must also append
the lines from Program 2 to the end
of your program. In addition, you
must add the line DIM OP$(253) to
the beginning of your program.

Error Messages

Sprint II has many error messages
that make it easier to debug pro-
grams. However, only certain types
of errors can be flagged during
compilation. Sprint 11 catches errors
such as data type mismatches,
NEXT without FOR, and so on. Er-
rors such as overflowing numbers
and running out of DATA items
cannot be flagged during compila-
tion because they occur during exe-
cution of the actual compiled
program. In these cases it will be
harder, but not impossible, to de-
bug programs.

Sometimes, an error earlier in
the program leads to another error


later on. For example, if there is an
error in a FOR statement, the com-
pUer will act as if that FOR does not
exist. Because of this, the corre-
sponding NEXT statement will
cause a NEXT WITHOUT FOR er-
ror message. You'll have to use
your judgment to weed out these
extraneous messages. Note that
you should twver attempt to exe-
cute a program with even a single
error in it.

See the Sprint II Error Mes-
sages table for more details,

The Speed Of Sprint II

I ran several test programs through
the compiler to determine the speed
of Sprint II, Results varied accord-
ing to the type of program. The
compiled test programs ran 15 to 50
times faster than Commodore
BASIC. A program to sort 100 num-
bers took over two minutes in Com-
modore BASIC, but the compiled
version executed in only five
seconds.

For demonstration purposes,
I've included a sample program.
Type in Program 3, "Doodler," and
run it, noting the speed with which
it executes. Now, save, compile,
and run it again. Notice the
difference?
See program listings on page 107. ?


Use the handy
reader service card
in the back of
this magazine
to receive addi-
tional information
from advertisers.


ScrollEdit

A Scrolling BASIC Editor


David R. Van Wagner


Programmers zvUl appreciate this powerful utility for the Com-
modore 64 which lets you scroll up and down through program
listings with the press of a function key ¡ª no more typing and
retyping LIST. "ScrollEdit" is compatible with "MetaBASJC"


Whether you're programming or de-
bugging, you spend a lot of rime list-
ing various parts of your program.
In BASIC, listing is done with the
LIST command. It's a versatile com-
mand¡ª it allows you to list the en-
tire program (LIST), list any range of
lines (LIST 10-100), list all lines up
to a given line number (LIST -200),
and list all lines starting with a given
line number (LIST 300-),

As flexible as the LIST com-
mand is, there's a better way.
"ScrollEdit" doesn't demand any
typing at all ¡ª one keypress lets you
scroll through the entire program.
Press another key and you can scroll
through the program in the other di-
recrion. Stop the scrolling whenever
you wish, fix a bug, and continue.

ScrollEdit was designed to be
compatible with "MetaBASIC"
(last printed in the February 1987
issue of GAZETTE, and currently in
the special issue. The Best of COM-
PUTE! and GAZETTE). The two util-
ities make a great debugging team.

Getting Started

For speed and versatility, "Scroll-
Edit" (Program 1} is written in ma-
chine language, so you'll need to
use "MLX," the machine language
entry program found elsewhere in
this issue, when you enter the pro-
gram. Run MLX. When you are


prompted for a starting and ending
address, respond with the follow-
ing values:


starting Address:
Ending Address;


0801
OCDO


Be sure to save a copy of the pro-
gram to disk or tape before exiting
MLX.

Program 2, "MetaSCToU," loads
and installs both MetaBASIC and
ScrollEdit. You must have a disk
drive if you wish to use this pro-
gram. Type it in and save a copy to
disk. Before running the program,
make sure that your copy of Meta-
BASIC or MetaBASIC Plus has the
filename METABASIC and that
SCToIlEdit has the filename SCROLL-
EDIT.

If you wish to use ScrollEdit in
conjunction with MetaBASIC, load
and run MetaScrolL Otherwise,
load and run ScrollEdit (it loads and
runs like a BASIC program).

One-Key Scrolling

To test ScrollEdit, load a BASIC pro-
gram. ScrollEdit has only one re-
quirement for use: There must be at
least one line listed on the screen for
it to work. To get this line on the
screen, you can type LIST ti, where it
is any line number in your program.
Alternatively, you can just type a
line number on the screen and place


the cursor over it (but be careful not
to press RETURN on this line). Now
press fl to scroll upward through
the program. To stop the scrolling,
release the key. Pressing (7 scrolls
the screen in the other direction.

All the usual screen editing
features of the 64 work normally
with ScrollEdit. If you edit any
lines, be sure to press RETURN on
those lines.

To make ediring even easier,
ScrollEdit adds new editing fea-
tures. Whenever you want to open
up space in the middle of a lisring,
position the cursor and press
CTRL-INST/DEL. This key combi-
nation inserts an empty line be-
tween any two lines listed on the
screen. Cursor movement com-
mands have also been added. Press
CTRL-Cursor Down to move the
cursor to the lower-left corner of
the screen. Press f3 to move to the
beginning of any line. Move the
cursor to the end of any line by
pressing f5.

ScrollEdit can be disabled by
pressing CTRL-RETURN. You'll
need to do this any time you want
to use the function-key definirions
of MetaBASIC. Press CTRL-RE-
TURN again to reenable ScrollEdit.
Because the program changes the
NMl vector, MetaBASlC's default
command cannot be used to set
screen colors. However, it may still
be used to set the default device
number for loads and saves.

ScrollEdit can be used with
"The Automaric Proofreader," but
you must be sure to load and run
ScrollEdit before the proofreader.

COMPurei's Gazelte January 198B 81


Technical Considerations

ScrollEdit changes the keyboard
decoding ($28F), IRQ ($314), NMI
($318), and BASIC entry ($302)
vectors. The new keyboard decod-
ing routine does most of the work
regarding moving the cursor and
scrolling the BASIC listings when
fl and f7 are pressed. The IRQ rou-
tine checks memory location $CB
(current key pressed). If a function
key value is there and ScrollEdit is
on, the value is changed to 64 (no
key pressed) so that MetaBASlC's


macro key definitions won't inter-
fere with the scrolling listing. The
new NMI routine keeps ScrollEdit
active when RUN/STOP-RESTORE
is pressed. The new routine pointed
to by the BASIC entry vector which
accepts entries from the keyboard
now tells ScrollEdit that it is in di-
rect mode so that it may respond to
function keys or the added control-
key sequences. It also ensures that
all of the other vectors are correct.
See program listings on page 114. 9


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B2 COMPUTSrs Gazaae January 1988


Condensed Font


Richard Penn


Add a condensed font to your Commodore MPS-801, 803, or
1525 printer with this utility that prints up to 120 characters
per line in either normal or reversed mode. Versions are in-
cluded for the 128, 64, Plus/ 4, and 16.


If you use your printer often, sooner
or later you'l! want to print some-
thing in condensed type. Maybe
you'll need to print a spreadsheet
that's 120 columns wide, or you'll
want to squeeze more information
on a page, or maybe you'll just want
to add a different look to your corre-
spondence. "Condensed Font," the
program accompanying this ardcle,
allows a Commodore MPS-801
(1525 and MPS- 803 as well) or com-
patible printer to print condensed
letters in both norma! and reversed
modes and is easy to use.

To get started with Condensed
Font, first type in Program 1. This
porrion of Condensed Font is the
same for all computers ¡ª 128, 64,
Plus/4, and 16. Then type in the
section that is customized for your
particular machine. Commodore 64
users should continue typing with
Program 2, 128 users with Program
3, and Plus/4 and 16 owners with
Program 4. When you've typed in
both listings, save a copy of the pro-
gram to disk or tape. Condensed
Font is written in machine language
(ML) in the form of a BASIC loader,
so just type RUN to install the ML
routine, and then type NEW to re-
move the loader from memory.

How To Use It

Condensed Font prints condensed
versions of the characters from


ASCII 32 to 95 decimal, which are
as follows;

!"#$%&'( )*-H,-./01234S6789:;
< = >7@ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVWXYZ[?]T'-

The graphics characters above ASCII
95 are printed in norma! mode, and
the control codes below ASCII 32 are
handled in the usual way.

To enable and disable Con-
densed Font you must use SYS
commands. Here are the values for
each computer.

Enable Disatile

64 SYS 50000 SYS 50120

129 SYS 5100 SYS 5220

P1U8/4, 16 SYS 16128 SYS 16248

Condensed Font uses the same
control codes as your printer for re-
versed mode printing. CHR$(18)
turns on reverse mode and CHR$
(146) turns it off. Here's a short
demonstration program for the 64
that will print the condensed char-
acter set in both normal and re-
versed modes. (Commodore 128,
Plus/4, or 16 users should change
the values of the SYS commands in
lines 10 and 30 to those for your
machine.)

10 SYS50000:OPEN1,4:FORX -32
T095:PRINT#1,CHRS(X);:NEXT:
REM NORMAL PRINT

20 PR1NT#1:PRINT#1,CHR$(18);:
F0RX"32TO9S:PRINT#l,
CHRJ {X>;:NEXT;REM REVERSE

30 PRINT#l!CLOSEl;SYSS0120


Please note that Condensed
Font must always be disabled
before printing to the screen, tape,
or disk, or the results will be
unpredictable.

Let's print a program listing in
condensed font. With the BASIC
program you want to list in memo-
ry, type the following on the 64
(again, supply your own values if
you're using a 128, Plus/4, or 16):

SYS50000:OPEN1,4:CMD1:LIST
followed by
PRINT#l:CLOSEl ;S YSSOl 20

Program Notes

Program 1 ¡ª the part of Condensed
Font that is common to all ma-
chines¡ª loads the condensed char-
acter set into memory. Although
the character set is not stored in the
same memory location in each
computer, the set itself is the same.
The program determines which
machine you're using and decides
where to store the character
information.

The second half of Condensed
Font ¡ª Program 2, 3, or 4 depend-
ing on which computer you're
using ¡ª is a BASIC loader. It installs
an ML wedge that patches into the
CHROUT vector. Each time a char-
acter is output, control is diverted to
the ML wedge, which looks at the
character and prints either its con-
densed representation, or, if it's
outside Condensed Font's range, its
normal one.
See program listings on page 110. m

COMPUTErs Gazette January 19B8 S3


SpeedScnpt Justified


Larry D. Smith


Add a professional look to your SpeedScript documents with
this utility that adds right-margin justification. It works with
the Commodore 64 version of SpeedScript 3.0 or higher or
SpeedScript 128. A disk drive is required.


One of the least common, yet most
desired features found in a word
processor is right justification.
Right-justified text lines up evenly
along the right margin. Most maga-
zines (including this one) and news-
papers use justified text because it
looks neater, is easier to read, and is
more pleasing to the eye.

Like most word processors,
however, SpeedScript does not offer
a right-justified print option.
"SpeedScript Justified" remedies
this situation. The program reads
SpeedScript files that have been
printed to disk and outputs a right-
justified copy to the printer.

Typing It In

SpeedScript Justified is written part-
ly in BASIC and partly in machine
language. The machine language is
stored as DATA statements and is
POKEd into memory by the BASIC
program. Entering SpeedScript Justi-
fied requires accurate typing, so be
sure to use the "Automatic Proof-
reader," found elsewhere in this is-
sue. After entering the program, be
sure to save a copy to disk.

Activating It

Load and run SpeedScript, and then
type in or load a text file. Speed-
Script Justified allows you to specify
which sections of your text are right
justified. By default, SpeedScript

84 COMFVTEr$ Gaieno January 1988


Justified prints files ¡öwit}wut right
justification. Instead, you must acti-
vate right justification from within
the file.

Activating right justification is
just like activating bold or under-
line mode ¡ª you use a special for-
mat key. The format key for right
justification, however, must be de-
fined by you. To do so, go to the top
of the file, press CTRL-3; type the
digit 1, an equal sign (=), then the
digit 1 again; and then press RE-
TURN. You have just defined for-
mat key 1 to be equal to CHR$(1),
which is the control character that
tells SpeedScript Justified to print
right-justified text.

In order to turn off justified
mode, you must define a format
key with an ASCII value of 2. Move
the cursor just below the previous
format key definition; press CTRL-
3; type the digit 2, an equal sign,
then digit 2 again; and then press
RETURN. You must define both of
these format keys in every file with
which you want to use SpeedScript
Justified,

Let's suppose that you want all
of your text to be printed right justi-
fied. Move the cursor to the begin-
ning of the first line of text, press
CTRL-3, and then L (This format
code must appear after the format
key definition.) This places the jus-
tification code in your text.


SpeedScript Justified does not
try to justify short lines that begin
on the left margin. But if you have a
short line that begins at the center
of a line (the date or your name in a
letter, for example), it will be justi-
fied. To prevent this from happen-
ing, you may want to turn off
justification in certain sections of
your document. If you wish to have
certain sections of your text file un-
justified, move the cursor to the be-
ginning of the first line of text to be
unjustified and press CTRL-3 fol-
lowed by the digit 2. This inserts
the justification off code. If you do
this, however, you must insert for-
mat key 1 later in your document to
reactivate right justification.

Creating A Right-Justified File

Now that you have defined and in-
serted format keys to toggle right
justification on and off, it's time to
create a disk file that can be printed
by SpeedScript Justified.

To convert your document into
a file that SpeedScript Justitied can
read, print your text to disk by
pressing SHIFT- CTRL-P, and then
pressing D for disk. When prompt-
ed, enter the filename of your
choice. It's a good idea to use a file-
name that's different from that of
your SpeedScript file.

Before exiting SpeedScript,
make note of your margin settings:
You'll need to know them in order
to print a right-justified document.
If you did not set them yourself, re-
member that SpeedScript uses de-
fault settings of 5 for the left
margin, and 75 for the right margin.


Files printed by SpeedScript Justi-
fied can have only one margin set-
ting for the entire document.

Printing A File

To print the disk file, load and run
SpeedScript Justified. Be sure that
the disk containing your file is in
the drive identified as device 8.
After a brief delay, the program
prompts you for a filename. Enter
the filename used when you print-
ed your text to disk. Next, you are
asked to enter the left and right
margins. Enter them on the same
line with a separating comma. For
example, to input a left margin of 5
and a right margin of 75, enter the
following: 5, 75,

Once the filename and margins
settings are entered, SpcedScriptjus-
tified sends your document to the
printer in justified format. You may
abort the printing by holding down
the RUN/STOP key until the print-
er stops. To print another copy, sim-
ply rerun the program.

To right justify lines, Speed-
Script Jusfified strategically inserts
spaces within the text, making all
lines equal in length. The maximum


number of spaces that SpeedScript
Justified inserts is 16. If a line ever
requires more than 16 spaces, that
line will not be properly justified. If
this ever happens, try changing the
16 in line 1040 to a higher num-
ber¡ª say, 24. Also, SpeedScript Jus-
tified does not work with double-
width characters. Such extra-wide
characters only confuse the program.
See program listing on page 107. W


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MASTEnCARO/VISA/CHOICE/C O D


The Native Tongue


Jim Butterfield, Associate Editor

Longtime Commodore users will need no
introduction to Jim Butterfield. For those
of you new to the community, fim has for
years been one of the most respected au-
thorities on Commodore software, hard-
ware, and programming. From the first
issue of GAZETTE in 1983, I've written a
column called "Machine Language for Be-
ginners." With this issue, I turn the col-
umn over to fim. I knou> of no author more
qualified to write on the subject.

¡ª Richard Mansfield

Welcome to the world of machine
language. The material in this col-
umn will cover a broad range.
Some of it will be at beginner level,
some advanced. Sometimes the col-
umn may concentrate on a specific
machine, such as the Commodore
64, but most of the time it vdll deal
with all of the Commodore eight-
bit machines. The materia! will not
be sequential in nature, but rather,
a range of topics will be covered,

Machine Language

Let's talk about the term machine
language, or ML. What does it
mean? It means just what it implies:
the language of the machine itself.
Often, the term machine code is
used to mean the same thing.
Whatever term you use, you're
working with the inner fabric of the
computer. With ML, you get to see
(and use) secrets that BASIC pro-
grammers won't know. In some
ways, you feel like a mechanic, tin-
kering with the machine's innards.
ML is good for machines, but
it's not optimum for humans. The
computer uses bits, each of which is
either "on" (1) or "off" (0), and
reading bits can be tedious, I might
correctly state that the command to
move data from the processor's ac-
cumulator register into address
53281 is 10001101 00100001
11010000, which is literally true,
but almost unreadable to us humans.
We can make the same statement

88 COMPUTErs Gazette January 1988


more human-readable by express-
ing the bits in hexadecimal, in
which case the command is shown
as 8D 21 DO. Each hexadecimal dig-
it¡ª a single number or letter ¡ª
stands for four binary bits, Hexa-
decimal's more compact form
might save us writer's cramp, but
few would find it easily readable.

Assembly Language

In our search for readability, we
might take the command 8D 21 DO
and ¡ª knowing that hex code 80
corresponds to the command "store
accumulator" ¡ª represent it as STA
$D021, STA, as you may have
guessed, is the standard abbrevia-
tion for STore Accumulator, Often,
such abbreviations are referred to
as mnemonics ¡ª a means to help us
remember ML.

The dollar sign ($) prior to the
D021 means that what follows is a
hexadecimal number. Notice that
the last two bytes in 8D 21 DO have
flipped over, giving us the address
D021. By using a conversion table
or calculator, we can translate $0021
into the decimal number 53281.
Now, we may rewrite our com-
mand as STA 53281.

Let's go one step further. Sup-
pose that we wish to refer to ad-
dress 53281 as BACKCOLOR
(address 53281 on the 64 controls
the background color of the screen);
1 could now write STA BACK-
COLOR to represent the instruc-
tion. A term such as BACKCOLOR
is often called a label or symbol.

By using mnemonics, decimal
numbers, and labels, we've reached
a point where the instruction is al-
most as human-readable as "store
the accumulator into address
53281." And, believe it or not,
we've also left ML behind. What we
now have is called assembly lan-
guage¡ª technically not ML, but the
next closest thing. You will find,
however, that most ML programs
are written in assembly language.


and then converted to machine
code through the use of an assem-
bler. Because of this, ML ¡ª the actu-
al bits and bytes understood by the
machine ¡ª is often referred to as as-
sembly langugage.

Why Machine Language?

If all these helpful translations
make it easier for us humans, why
bother with ML at all? There are a
few good reasons. First of all, ML is
what the machine itself uses. There
are times that we need to strip ev-
erything down to the bits and see
exactly what that machine is doing.
When you get into testing and de-
bugging, you often need to work at
that level of detail.

The more human-oriented lan-
guages are, the more they tend to
detach you from the machine. It's
harder to estimate things such as
memory usage without cutting
through the intervening levels pro-
duced by interpreters and compil-
ers. I believe that you write better
programs ¡ª even in high-level lan-
guages such as BASIC ¡ª when you
know the instructions that actually
make the computer work.

Machine Language,
Commodore Style

On some computers, you're almost
denied access to ML: You don't
know where the program will go
into memory, you don't know if it
will be fragmented into many parts,
and you don't have easy access to
the final code. Such machines are
terrifying for the beginner. You
must accept so much on faith, trust-
ing that some sort of code will find
its way into the machine to do the
desired job.

That's what I like about the
eight-bit Commodore machines:
You have direct access to the ma-
chine code, you know where your
code is, and you generally know
how things work. You can get in
touch with the machine. ?


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Unstructured Programming


Larry Cotton

[Ed Note: Structured or unstruc-
tured programming? Which ap-
proach is best? Prompted by a
letter from a reader, we decided to
ask two of our crack columnists to
present arguments for each ap-
proach. In this column, Larry
Cotton speaks out for unstruc-
tured programming. Immediately
following, Todd Heimarck argues
for structured programming in his
"Horizons" column.]

Structure in programming suggests,
but is not limited to, indention of
program lines for easy readability,
logical organization, well-docu-
mented code, and the breaking
down of a program into small mod-
ules or subroutines. We've talked
about programming style before ¡ª
especially in regard to a program's
elegance. And since I think struc-
ture usually restricts that elegance,
as well as other characteristics of a
good program, I favor the more


flexible advantages offered by un-
structured programming.

Structure And BASIC

BASIC isn't exactly the structured
programmer's language of choice ¡ª
far from it. In fact, It's difficult to of-
fer meaningful examples of struc-
tured programming in BASIC.
Nevertheless, here's how a simple
nested FOR-NEXT loop looks in a
structured BASIC program:

10 FOR r - 1 TO s

20 : FOR J - 1 TO 3

30 : PRINT I, J

40 ; NEXT J

50 NEXT I

There are various important el-
ements of a structured program.
One of them is line indention,
which is usually used to clarify or-
ganization and flow. BASIC, how-
ever, doesn't require any indention.
In fact. Commodore BASIC makes
it quite difficult. In Commodore
BASIC, you must type a colon after
the line number to keep the com-
I puter from stripping off leading


10 PRINT CHR$a47); REM CLEAR SCREEN

20 POKE S3Z80, 0: POKE S32B1, 0: REM BLACK BORDER AND BACKGROUND

30 R - S4272r REM ADD TO SCREEN FOR COLOR MEMORY UJCATION

40 M - 2023: REM MAX. SCREEN LOCATION

50 A - 1; REM USED FOR RND STATEMENTS AND IN INCREMENTING

60 C - 40: REM NO. OF SCREEN COLUMNS

70 W - 10: REM MAX. BLOCK WIDTH AND LENGTH

80 S - 160: REM SPACE

90 CL - IS: REM HIGHEST COLOR CODE

100 NL - 1000: REM NO. OF SCREEN LOCATIONS

110 SL - 102*: REM STARTING SCREEN LOCATION

120 FOR X - A TO 10: REM NO. OF BLOCKS TO FAINT


spaces when a line is entered.

Now let's look at the same
nested FOR-NEXT loop in unstruc-
tured form:

10 FOR I-l TO 5:FOR J-1 TO 3:PRINT
I, J:NEXT J:NEXT I

Does separating and indenting
each command really make this
code more readable? It seems to me
that this line illustrates the pro-
gram's flow just as well as the struc-
tured version. It's easy to tell that
the ] loop is nested within the I loop,
simply because it is surroutided by
the FOR I and NEXT 1 instructions.

The Structured Mind

Another element required by struc-
turists is organization. Now I don't
want you to disdain organization.
Indeed, when you write longer pro-
grams, organization becomes a
must. However, don't let organiza-
tion inhibit originality and creativ-
ity in your BASIC programs,

Some structural programmers
organize their programs to the hilt.
Each activity is reduced to the sim-


130
140
150
160

170
IBO
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260


N - INT (W ' RND (A? + A: REM RANDOM BLOCK WIDTH FROM 1 TO 10

Q - INT (W ? RND (A? + A: REM RANDOM BLOCK LENGTH FROM 1 TO 10

CO - INT {CL * RND (A)) + A: REM RANDOM BLOCK COLOR FROM 1 TO 15

V - INT (NL ? RND {A? + SL: REM RANDOM LOCATION UPPER LEFT-HAND CORNER

CK - V -!- (C ? Q>: REM LOCATION OF LOWER RIGHT-HAND CORNER OF BLOCK

IF CK > M THEN GOfO 160; REM CHECK TO BE SURE IT DOESN'T GO OFF SCREEN

FOR Y - 1 TO Q

FOR Z - 1 TO N

POKE V -H A, S
POKE V -H A -H R, CO
V = V -1- A
NHXTZ

V - V -I- C - N
NEXT Y


270 NEXT X


B8 COMPUTErs Gazeffe January 1968


plest subroutine, which resides
neatly in just one or two lines. On
the other hand, free spirits rip right
into their programs ¡ª first things
first and let the rest of the program
incur the consequences.

A hallmark of a truly unstruc-
tured program is a plethora of
GOTO statements, which causes
structurists to recoil in horror. If
you're not careful, however, GOTO's
can weave a tangled web in which
even the programmer can get lost.
Therefore, particularly on this
issue, I have to side with the struc-
turists: It's always preferable to use
GOSUD and RETURN instead of
GOTO.

Comments

Another basic feature of structured
programs is that they are usually
heavily commented. The only way
to accomplish this in BASIC is with
the REM statement.

Let's compare an indented,
commented program with its super-
compact, unstructured counterpart.
Our example program, "Mondrian,"
is written for the Commodore 64,
and is listed at the bottom of the pre-
vious page. Don't bother to type the
structured version in ¡ª it's simply for
study.

Now here's a super-crunched,
unstructured version of the same
program. If you have a 64 or 128,
you may want to enter and run this
version. It's fun to watch.

10PRINTCHR$(147):POKE53280,0:POKE

53281,0:R - 54272:M = 2023:A - 1:C

-40:W -10:5-160
20 CL-1S:NL-1000;SL-1024:FORX-

ATO 10:N - INT(WRND(A)) + A:Q -

INT(VV'RND(A?+A
30 CO-INT(CL'RND{A))-l-A:V-INT

{NL*RND(A)} + SL:CK-V-KC*Q>

:IFCK>MTHEN30
40 FORY~lTOQ;FORZ=-lTON:

POKE V + A,S:POK E V -(- A + R,CO: V -

V + A;NEXT:V-V + C-N:NEXT

:NEXT

The above example clearly il-
lustrates how much structured pro-
grams can be compressed. Since
structured programs are longer,
they are characterized by a vora-
cious appetite for memory; they
also use a lot of disk space. As you
can see, the unstructured program
is only four lines long and, if saved
to disk, uses only one block of valu-
able disk space. The structured ver-
sion uses five blocks. Also, if you
enter and run both programs, you'll


appreciate how much faster the un-
structured version executes.

Other Restrictions

Indention, breaking down the pro-
gram into small modules, and com-
ments are just some of the
structural attributes which restrict
creative programming. There are
several other things structural pro-
gramming restricts:

1 . Speed of the programming pro-
cess: Obviously a four-line pro-
gram is much quicker to enter
and test than its structured
counterpart. (OK, I admit that
debugging might prove a bit
more difficult.)

2. Elegance: Hard to quantify this
one, but structured programs
aren't known for their elegance
and unique style.

3. Creativity: I can't help but be-
lieve that over-concentration on
a program's structure hobbles
creativity. A programmer
should be able to program as
fast as he or she can type ¡ª a
stream of ideas flowing unre-
strained by worries of subrou-
tines, indention, remarks,
modules, and whether fellow
programmers can understand or
modify his or her work.

Good programming probably
lies between the two extremes pre-
sented here. Does the program
work well? Is it fast where it needs
to be fast? Does the program look
good? Does the user enjoy using it?

When you need speed, you'll
probably have to crunch programs,
and use other possibly unstructured
tricks as well. When you're in a situ-
ation where you must be able to re-
member or show what each line
does, sprinkle your program with
REMs. I'm sure that structurists and
nonstructurists alike agree that
good programs must be well orga-
nized. Above all, don't let a pro-
gram's structure cause you to
compromise on its operation.

Next month, we'll get back to
BASIC with one of its most enter-
taining commands ¡ª RND. <?


THE

son


64

&

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structured Programming


Todd Heimarck
Assistant Editor

Larry Cotton's "BASIC for Begin-
ners" column, on the preceding
pages, makes a good case against
structured programming. However,
he does concede some points ¡ª es-
pecially when he says good pro-
grams are well organized. This
suggests that imposing some sort of
structure on a program is valuable,
A letter from Steve Litwok,
head of the department of com-
puter science at a high school in
Jordan Valley, Israel, triggered this
debate. Mr. Litwok objected to an
answer in the April 1987 "Gazette
Feedback" column which present-
ed some arguments against struc-
tured programming ¡ª at least for
type-in programs that appear in a
magazine such as COMPUTEI's Ga-
zette. For one thing, heavily com-
mented and indented listings take
up valuable magazine space. A sec-
ond problem is that, on Commo-
dore machines, programs that
contain many REMs generally run
more slowly than their compact
multistatement counterparts. A
third consideration is that most of
the program submissions we re-
ceive are unstructured. It's how
most people write Commodore
BASIC programs.

A Brief History

BASIC, especially the implementa-
tions you find on microcomputers
such as the 64, is widely regarded
as an unstructured language. It first
appeared at Dartmouth College in
the early 1960s, where it was intro-
duced as an English-like, interac-
tive programming language well-
suited for teaching beginners. The
fact that it's interactive is important.
With BASIC, you can type a few
lines, run the program, make some
changes, test it out again, and so on.
Some people develop a program-
ming style of tinkering and tweak-
ing until the program runs correctly.

90 COMPUTEfs Gazen? January 1988


Around 1970, computer science
experts started discussing the new
idea of structured programming.
After some debate, the consensus
emerged, at least within the field of
computer sdence, that structure is a
good practice to encourage, Pascal
was one of the first widely popular
languages to adopt an aggressive
prostructured approach.

Keeping a historical perspec-
tive, you must remember that at the
time that the academic community
equated unstructured with bad pro-
gramming style, probably 99 percent
of the world's programmers
learned how to program in a college
setting. If you learned how to write
software, you learned structure. Ev-
erybody agreed that it was the way
to program.

In the late 1970s and early
1980s, something happened. Low-
cost microcomputers from Commo-
dore, Apple, Radio Shack, and
other companies made home com-
puting affordable. Most personal
computers came with BASIC ¡ª the
language invented before struc-
tured programming. Most com-
puter owners learned BASIC from
books, magazines, or friends¡ª out-
side of an academic environment.
Suddenly there were millions of
people happily writing unstruc-
tured programs. Computer scien-
tists were aghast.

A Small Plate Of Spaghetti

What is structured programming?
How do you write a structured pro-
gram? Before getting into what it is,
let's look at what it is not.

10 A = 1: GOSUB 512: GOSUB 99:

GOTO 30
20 IF BS="QUIT" THEN 40
30 ON Z GOTO 10, 80, 630
40 FORQ-lTO500:POKE

SCREEN + Q,H(Q)
SO IF Q>LIMIT GOTO 70
60 NEXT:GOTO 90
70 GOTO 400

The first thing you notice in
this program fragment is a lot of
GOTOs, a sure sign of disorganized


programming. Line 10 jumps
around line 20 to reach 30 and line
20 (in between 10 and 30) jumps
around 30 to 40. What is the pur-
pose of line 20? It might be that it's
a remnant of a previous experi-
ment, now just taking up space. Or
maybe some other line, later in the
program, does a GOTO 20. But if
that's true, you could easily clean it
up a little and avoid GOTOs hop-
scotching over other GOTOs.

You almost never need uncon-
ditional jumps (naked GOTOs) in a
program. Conditional branches
such as IF-GOTO or ON-GOTO are
fine. Temporary branches (GOSUBs)
are also acceptable. A program that
is chock-full of unconditional
GOTOs is often called spaghetti
code, because tracing through it is
like trying to separate strands of in-
terwoven pasta.

Line 50 is especially bad. It's an
IF-GOTO conditional branch,
which would be fine except that
where it goes is a line that does an-
other GOTO. Why would you ever
send a GOTO to another GOTO?
The program goes off on a time- and
memory-wasting spaghetti hunt for
a line that does something. What's
doubly bad about line 50 is that it
jumps out of a FOR-NEXT loop,
which will eventually lead to an
OUT OF MEMORY error because of
garbage building up on the stack.

If you were a teacher and one
of your students turned in a pro-
gram that looked like this, what
kind of grade would you assign? It's
definitely not an A-f- project.

Defining Structure

Let's propose two general rules of
structured programming, both of
which relate to coding style. The
first rule is that when you program,
you should be organized and sepa-
rate the program into bite-sized sec-
tions. The second rule is that you
should write programs that are easy
for other people to read.

The first is the most important


rule. It's sometimes called modular
programming. As you write a pro-
gram, you split it up into modules or
subroutines. Instead of running
straight through from line 10 to line
5000, divide it up. Replace the mam-
moth 500-hne program with five
100-line routines, each of which in
turn has about five 20-line routines.

As mentioned previously, you
can usually write programs to avoid
unconditional GOTOs. In lan-
guages like C or Pascal you can cre-
ate huge programs that never once
use a GOTO. BASIC 7.0 for the 128
is another example. With the IF-
THEN-ELSE option, IF-THEN-
BEGIN blocks, and the powerful
DO-LOOP construcdon (which can
handle WHILE and UNTIL at either
end of the loop and EXIT anywhere
in the middle), you should never
need GOTO in 128 mode. In BASIC
2.0 for the 64, you sometimes can't
avoid GOTOs. But you can at least
use them sparingly.

If being organized means im-
posing a logical structure, then
making a listing easy to read means
imposing a physical structure. The
key idea is to do a few things to
help the reader follow the logic of
the program.

One good practice is to use
meaningful variable names. If a
variable represents a number of
shoes, call it SHOES or NS. Total
dollars could be BUCKS or TD. Un-
fortunately, Commodore BASIC
limits you to two significant charac-
ters in a variable name (SEN would
be considered the same variable as
SET).

It doesn't hurt to include a few
REMarks here and there, to explain
what you're doing and why. You
don't have to put a REM on every
line, although some people do that.
And you can get carried away:
POKE 53281,2: REM PUT A 2
INTO 53281, for example. Such a
remark doesn't explain anything;
it's obvious that POKE is putting a
number into memory. Better to say
REM CHANGE BACKGROUND
TO RED, or don't include any com-
ment at all (most 64 programmers
know that 53281 is the background
register).

You can also insert a blank line
(or a line of asterisks) between
modules to indicate the breaks be-
tween major sections.

Indenting a FOR-NEXT loop is


a courtesy to the reader. It's done so
people reading through the pro-
gram can see how far the loop ex-
tends. This isn't an inviolable rule.
In a short loop containing one or
two commands, the beginning and
end are obvious. There's no need to
indent a tiny loop.

Why do so many Commodore
programmers write unstructured,
uncommented BASIC programs
with multistatement lines? Think
back to the early Commodores such
as the VIC-20 and the PET. Run-
ning out of memory was always a
problem, and Commodore pro-
grammers developed a highly-
crunched memory-saving style
because they had to. When VIC and
PET owners bought 64s and 128s,
their crunched style carried over to
the new computers. Unstructured
programming became a Commo-
dore tradition.

Structured Creativity

The proponents of unstructured
style say, "If the program works, it
works. The rules of structure are a
fetter on my creativity. Besides, if
no one else ever sees the program,
it doesn't matter if the lisring looks
pretty."

Let's consider these argu-
ments. You can't dispute the first
one. If a program works, it works.
But how do you know it works?
Someone who writes programs that
look sloppy might create a program
that seems to run correctly, but actu-
ally contains subtle bugs you don't
notice right away. Untangling the
spaghetti is the only way to know
for sure.

What about creativity? There
are plenty of creative writers who
manage to follow the low-level
rules of spelling and grammar and
still fit their sentences into para-
graph structures, paragraphs into
scenes, and scenes into chapters.
You can be a wildly creative writer
or programmer, but still impose
some order and structure on the fin-
ished work. If you study large pro-
grams, you'll usually see that
they've been split into sections (sub-
routines or modules), each of which
handles a certain function. The pro-
grammer planned ahead and fig-
ured out what had to be done.

To paraphrase Jim Butterfield,
even a simple line like FOR X=l
TO 50: READ A(X) involves some


planning. You've decided that the
loop should repeat 50 times. You
plan to close up the loop eventually
vrith a NEXT. The READ implies
that there will be DATA statements
elsewhere in the program. The nu-
meric array will have to be DIMen-
sioned. If you can do that much
thinking ahead for a couple of state-
ments, surely you can take a few
moments to organize the program's
structure,

If others, including teachers or
programmers, will see your pro-
gram, they'll be able to read it more
easily if you write in a structured
style. Also, it's embarassing to have
someone look at a sloppily-written
program you wrote. What about
programs you write for your own
use that no one else will see? The
time may come when you need to
change something. A spaghetti pro-
gram you wrote six months before
is nearly impossible to follow.

There's nothing sinister or an-
ticreative about structured pro-
gramming. All you need to do is
organize your thoughts a bit before
you start a program and then do a
few things to organize the way the
urogram looks, ?


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Three Pack


Sob Lafferty

This short utility adds three use-
ful commands to the 64: Place,
Erase, and Beep. With one SYS,
you can position the cursor, erase
a group of screen lines, or produce
an attention-getting beep.

Commodore 64 BASIC is not
known for its wide variety of com-
mands. In fact, BASIC 2,0 doesn't
even include a statement for posi-
tioning the cursor. Because of this,
machine language routines that add
to BASIC have become very popu-
lar. Here's a program that combines
three such routines into one small
package: "Three Pack."

Through the use of the SYS
statement. Three Pack gives BASIC
programmers the ability to posirion
the cursor, erase one or more screen
lines, and emit a beep sound. And as
its name implies. Three Pack is com-
pact, convenient, and easy to use.

Typing It In

Three Pack is a BASIC program that
POKEs three machine language
routines into memory. Type it in
and save a copy to tape or disk. To
insure accurate entry, use the
"Automatic Proofreader" program
found elsewhere in this issue. Three
Pack must be loaded and run before
you can use any of its commands.
Alternatively, you can merge it
with your own programs.

Using The Commands

To use Three Pack, set up these
three variables in the beginning of
your program:

PL- 531 21:ER- 531 46;BP- 53192

These variables contain the ad-
dresses for the three routines
PLace, ERase, and BeeP,

The most practical of these
routines is probably Place. This
routine uses the following syntax:
SYS PL,y,x where y is the desired


vertical posiddn (0-24) and x is the
horizontal position (0-39) of the
cursor. For example, the statement
SYS PL,12,17:PRINT "HELLO"
prints a common greeting in the
middle of the screen. If you specify
values outside the screen area ¡ª
say, an x-coordinate of 40 ¡ª the
computer responds with ILLEGAL
QUANTITY ERROR.

The Erase command comes in
handy when you want to erase cer-
tain secdons of the screen. Its syn-
tax is SYS ER,/,rt. Here, ( is the
screen line (0-24), and n is the
number of lines to erase. The com-
mand SYS ER,0,25 erases the entire
screen, while SYS ER,10,2 erases
lines 10 and 11 only.

The last conunand- ¡ª Beep ¡ª is
often found in other versions of
BASIC. To use this command, sim-
ply enter SYS BP. As the name im-
plies, this statement emits a beep.
See program lisHng on page 115. 9


COMPUTEI's Gazette is look-
ing for utilities, games,
applications, educational pro-
grams, and tutorial articles. If
you've created a program that
you think other readers might
enjoy or find useful, send it,
on tape or disk, to:

Submissions Reviewer
COMPUTE! Publications
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC 27403

Please enclose an SASE if you

wish to have the materials

returned.

Articles are reviewed within

four weeks of submission.


92 COMPUTEI's Gazette January 1988


Train for the Fastest Growing Job Skill in America


Only NRI teaches you to service all
as you build your own fully IBM;
compatible microcomputer


With computers firaily estabEshed in
offices-and more and more new
applications being developed for every
facet of business¡ª the demand for
trained computer service technicians
surges forward. The Department of
Labor estimates that computer
service jobs will actually double in the
next ten years-a faster growth rate
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Total systems training

No computer stands alone . . .
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if you want to learn to service and
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As part of your training, you'll
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It's confidence-building, real-world
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No experience necessary¡ª
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Even if you've never had any previous
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Send for 100-page
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Robotitos: The Real Robot Revolution


'nnn


Fred Cyignazio
Associate Editor

Many of you who are waiting for
the day when C3P0 or R2D2
comes walking up to you and says,
"Hi, Master! Welcome to the Age of
Personal Robotics."

But don't hold your breath
waiting ¡ª humanoid robots like
those found in science-fiction films
and Isaac Asimov's novels are so
complex that they are unlikely to
make the leap from fantasy to fact
in our lifetime. We can't build a ro-
bot eye or a robot hand which ap-
proximates its human counterpart,
so how can we expect to integrate
all these "subsystems" into an in-
telligent, independent, mobile ma-
chine? The task is so formidable
that many robotics experts predict
that we may never be able to build
an android robot capable of imitat-
ing a human being.

But all of you robot fans out
there, don't lose heart. Real robots
are still coming. Even now they are
quietly sneaking up on you.

Captain Cook's Islanders

The problem is that we're looking
in all the wrong places. After six de-
cades of imaginative speculation by
scientists, artists, and writers, we
have become convinced that the
first robots will be steel-and-plastic
caricatures of creatures ¡ª people or
other living beings like cats, dogs,
spiders, or aliens. We already have
plenty of robot toys and pets ¡ª dog-
sters, catsters, Armatron, Robie Jr.,
Teddy Ruxpin, Transformers, and
so on ¡ª vifhich are semirobotic. Peo-
ple assume that these robots will
eventually grow more sophisticated
and evolve into real robots.

Meanwhile, the real robots are
literally crawling out of the wood-
work, but we are like the islanders
Captain Cook met in the Pacific
Ocean on his voyage around the
I world. There was nothing in the

94 CQMPUWs QazettB January 198B


islanders' culture that prepared
them for a man-made object the
size of Cook's ship, so to the island-
ers the ship was invisible. Real ro-
bots are the same to modem man ¡ª
for the moment they're invisible.
We don't see them coming.

Into The Belly Of A Robot

The reason we don't see the robots
is because they're hiding ¡ª inside
commonplace objects that are so fa-
miliar they are invisible. Take one
of the more spectacular robots¡ª the
robot train that whooshes airlines
passengers around the Atlanta air-
port. The train has many robotic at-
tributes: It is computer-controlled,
independent and preprogrammed.
It has no human operator aboard. It
has arrays of sensors which feed
back information from the real
world. Instead of arms and legs, it
has wheels and doors. And, unlike
a pure, nonrobotic computer, its ac-
tions have an immediate, physical
effect on the real world¡ª it moves
people and their luggage around
the airport.

Oh, and I almost forgot, it talks
to you.

I've been the train's guest on
numerous occasions (after getting
swept by a sea of people into its
brightly colored "belly" like a
modem-day Jonah). And I've yet to
hear anyone on board recognize the
train for what it really is: a robot.

But that's probably just as well,
since it might worry people if they
knew they were placing their lives,
even temporarily, into the hands of
a robot.

The point is that we don't rec-
ognize the robot even when we
crawl inside it because its robotic
parts (computers, sensors, anthro-
poid features) are all hidden or non-
existent. And what we do see¡ª a
train ¡ª is such a familiar part of the
urban landscape that, beyond face
value, we ignore it.


Robot Fragments

If we saw bits of human beings
scattered around a room, we might
think we were reading a Stephen
King novel or witnessing a particu-
larly grisly murder. But bits of ro-
bots are surfacing around us all the
time, and I've yet to hear anyone
take nodce.

For example, take the little
high-tech key chains that are be-
coming popular. They come in a va-
riety of forms, looking like golf
balls, Rubik's cubes, or simple black
key cases. Until you talk to them.
Then they beep, whistle, sing, or
talk back to you. The theory is that
if you put them down and lose
them, all you have to do is call,
whistle, or clap your hands, and
they cry out in tiny voices: "We are
here! We are here!"

Properly speaking, these are
not robots at all ¡ª they are frag-
ments of robots ¡ª masquerading as
commonplace objects, perhaps
novel and cute, but otherwise too
trivial to be worth nodcing. Except
that the trickle of these litde robot-
itos (to use the Spanish diminuitive)
may soon become a flood. Exam-
ples are all around us. Our cars
have been evolving into robots for
years. So have our common appli-
ances¡ª our refrigerators, micro-
wave ovens, sewing machines,
telephones, and watches. Manufac-
turers are already experimenting
with intelligent, voice-controlled
vacuum cleaners, VCRs, TVs, and
compact disc players.

Robots, therefore, are appear-
ing¡ª as objects and fragments rather
than as fully formed aeatures. How
they'll evolve next is anybody's
guess. But the next dme you open a
singing greehng card or your watch
cries out the time, remember, you are
looking at a robotito, something
which one day might become a robot
as impressive as C3P0 or R2D2.


?@g ??UiaOTfOOl]


WordCount


Shawn K, Smith

This useful writer's tool counts
the words in any text file created
by geoWrite (any version up to
and including 2.0). "WordCount"
is both quick and easy to use.

Often we are required to write es-
says or contest entries that are lim-
ited to a certain number of words.
Anyone who has taken the time to
actually count the number of words
in a piece of writing knows how
frustrating it can be.

With many word processors,
counting words is made easier by
the predictable output produced by
printers ¡ª a consistent number of
characters per inch with the same
number of lines per page. With
GEOS's multiple fonts and variable
point sizes, words are more graphi-
cally pleasing, but they're harder to
count. That's where "WordCount"
comes in; it counts the number of
words in text files created by geo-
Write, version 1.2, 13, or 2.0.

Getting Started

Enter the BASIC program "Word-
Count Generator" using "The Auto-
matic Proofreader," found
elsewhere in this issue. After you've
entered the program, save a copy to
a disk using the fUename WORD-
COUNT GEN. Because this pro-
gram creates the actual WordCount
program file when run, you must
not save the program as WORD-
COUNT, If you do, the generator
program will erase itself when run.

To create the WordCount pro-
gram file, load WORDCOUNT GEN
from disk. Before running WORD-
COUNT GEN, insert a GEOS work
disk {preferably one containing geo-
Write files). With the work disk in
the drive, type RUN and press RE-
TURN. Within a few minutes, Word-
Count will be written to disk.

Because WordCount is written
to run under GEOS, it's very easy to


use: Simply double- click the Word-
Count icon from the GEOS deskTop.
When this is done, a dialog box ap-
pears, displaying the names of all
geoWrite files on the current drive.
Using the dialog box, you may
Open a file for word counting, read
files from another Drive, or Cancel
the WordCount program by click-
ing on the appropriate selector icon.

To count the number of words
in a file, highlight the name of the
desired geoWrite file and click the
Open icon. After a brief delay,
WordCount displays the number of
words contained in the document.
According to WordCount, a word is
a group of characters that begins
with a letter and ends with a space,
a RETURN, or a page break. To re-
turn to the original WordCount dia-
log box, click OK.

You may use the Drive selector
icon to access files on other disks. If
you have a two-drive system, click-
ing on Drive lists the files found on
the other disk drive. In a one-drive
system, you are asked to insert a
new disk.

To exit the WordCount pro-
gram, select Cancel.

geoWrite File Structure

Files created by geoWrite are stored
as Variable Length Indexed Records
(VLIR), Briefly explained, each page
of a geoWrite file is stored as a sepa-
rate record on disk. Each of these
records is grouped together by a
link-list file, stored in standard se-
quential format.

Within the the geoWrite text is
information concerning font size,
font style, tabs, graphics, rulers,
and other geoWrite specific infor-
mation. To insure an accurate count,
WordCount takes special care to
count text only, ignoring any spe-
cial format code.
See program listing on page 106. <B


All programs

listed in this

magazine are

available on the

GAZETTE Disk.

Details

elsewhere

in this issue.


STAND AND SHELF

ORGANIZE WORK AREA - GAIN SPACE

- INCREASE PRODUaiVITYl


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INCLUDING SHIPPING CHARGES.

J a K ENTERPRISESfG
PH. BOX ZBS6 ? WARMINSTER, PA IBSH


COMPUTEI's Gazette January 1988 95


General Purpose
Control Interface

Schnedler Systems has now made
avaUable the Duel 6522 VIA (Versatile
Interface Adapter) Board (Model No.
64IF22) for the Commodore 64 and 128
that work in all modes, including
CP/M. Each board supports two 6522
VIAs properly interfaced to the com-
puter via the cartridge expansion port.

Each board provides four eight-bit
ports for a total of 32 I/O lines and
eight control or handshake lines. Four
boards can be daisy-chained from one
computer to give 16 ports. The board
also features IRQ capability.

The package includes a program
disk and a users' manual. Suggested re-
tail price is $169 for the first board and
$149 for each additional board
purchased,

Schnedler Systems, P.O. Box 5964,
Asheville, NC 28813
Circle Reader Service Number 23D.


Earn Your Test Pilot Wings

Electronic Arts recently released Chuck
Yeager's Advanced Flight Traitter for the
Commodore 64. The program had pre-
viously been available for IBM, Tandy,
and compatibles.

General Yeager codesigned the
program, which incorporates his flight
training and aeronautical expertise. The
program uses a super-fast frame rate
that lets the user experience mach-
speed flight. The simulation features
three levels of onscreen instruction
from General Yeager.

The first level teaches basic flying
skills such as takeoffs and landings. Ad-
vanced maneuvers, such as aileron rolls
and hammerhead stalls, are taught in
the second level. By the third level, the
user is shown acrobatic stunts and is
ready to use the Formation Flying fea-
ture, following Yeager's lead through
obstacle courses and over 3-D terrain. A
flight recorder allows the user to create
and store his or her own stunt flying
patterns.

A test pilot option offers a selection
of 14 aircraft to evaluate, using actual
test-pilot evaluation charts. The aircraft
include a Sopwith Camel F-1, the Spad
XIII, a r-51 Mustang, and the Bell X-1,
which is the same plane with which

96 COMPUTE! s Gazette January 198S


^


The Dual 6522 VIA Board plugs directly into the expansion port.


Yeager broke the sound barrier. A
choice of three experimental aircraft is
also available.

An airplane-racing option allows
the user to choose a plane and fly it
through one of six race courses. The
computer controls the other competitors.

Suggested retail price for the Com-
modore 64 version is $34.95.

Eleclro>iic Arts. 1820 Gateway Dr.,
San Mateo. CA 94404
Circle Reader Service Number 231.


Interactive Espionage

Infocom has released its first interactive
fiction title in the spy genre. Border Zone
offers the player three hazardous mis-
sions to complete in three different
chapters. Each chapter is a complete
story in itself, with its own conclusion,
but each of the three stories reveals
only a part of the entire tale. Each chap-
ter, woven around an assassination
plot, puts the player in the role of a dif-
ferent major character. All three charac-
ters' lives become intertwined as each


carries out his assignment.

In chapter 1, the character is an
American businessman, traveling by
train from the Eastern Bloc country of
Frobnia to neutral Litzenburg. An in-
jured American spy asks if he will de-
liver a top-secret document over the
border. After that, the destiny of that
character is uncertain.

With the second chapter, the play-
er assumes the role of Topaz, the Amer-
ican spy. Topaz escaped the KGB by
jumping from a speeding train. But he is
still in hostile Frobnia, wounded and
cold. Topaz must survive and find his
way to safety over the border, while
guard dogs track him.

In the third chapter, the character
is a Soviet agent, who must complete a
crucial task before an assassination. But
Topaz is following his every move.

In addition to instincts, the player
can rely on a Frobnia tourist guide and
phrasebook complete with pictures, a
National Railway match book, a survey-
or's map of the border, and a business
card from Ostnitz, Litzenburg.


COMPUTE! Books'

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one or two books, the cost is $4 each.)

Check the books or groups of books you want and
mail this coupon with your payment to:

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Offer good while quantities last. All sales final.
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P COMPUTEI's Beginner's Guide to Commodore
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n Commodore Peripherals: A User's Guide 2386566

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The game takes place in realtime,
an innovation for Infocom. In previous
Infocom stories, time progressed at the
user's command. In Border Zone, time is
controlled by a real clock that continues
ticking regardless of the player's ac-
tions, forcing the player to read quickly.

Border Zone was designed by Marc
Blank, designer of Zork, Deadline, and
Enchanter.

The Commodore 64 version retails
for $34.95.

Infocom, 125 CambridgePark Dr.,
Cambridge, MA 02UO
Circle Reader Service Number 232.

Master Ninja Now /Mailable
For 64

Paragon Software has announced that a
Commodore 64 version of Master Ninja:
Shadow Warrior Of Death is now avail-
able.

The player assumes the role of a
ninja warrior sent on a quest to recover a
magic sword stolen by an evil warlord.
The player must guide his ninja through
more than 25 chambers of the warlord's
castle while battling evil ninja warriors.
Samurai guards, mystic ninja priests,
black magic curses, and deadly tigers.
The player uses his ninja's martial-arts
skills and historic ninja. weapons to kill
his opponents, recapture the magic
sword, and assassinate the warlord.

Twenty martial-arts skills can be
called upon including blocks, kicks,
chops, punches, and rolls. Weapons in-
clude knives, blinding powder, throw-
ing stars, blow-dart guns, and a bow
and arrow.

Suggested retail price is S34.95.

Paragon Software Corporation, 600
Rugh St., Greenburg, PA 15601
Circle Reader Service Number 233.

Bikers, Sweepstakes, And Battles
In Space From Brederbund

Brfflderbund Software has recently re-
leased Superbike Challenge and Magne-
tron for the Commodore 64.

Superbike Challenge allows players
to race on 12 of the world's most chal-
lenging Grand Prix courses, including
Austria's Saizburgring, and Silverstone
in Great Britain. Side- by-side screens
allow two players to each have a view
of the race course as they race against
each other. One player can race against
bikers controlled by the computer. On-
screen indicators siiow speed, RPM, lap
times, race position, and the course lay-
out. Players can choose either keyboard
or joystick controls, and select one of
three skill levels: Novice, Intermediate,
or Pro. A save feature allows games to
be saved between races.

Broderbund is sponsoring a sweep-
stakes to promote Superbike Challenge.
Grand Prize is a 65Dcc Suzuki motorcy-

98 COMPUTE! s GazeUB January 1988


cle. Two second-prize winners will re-
ceive a library of Broderbund software,
while third-prize winners will be re-
warded with Hi-Tech Broderbund
sweatshirts. Entry blanks will be en-
closed in each Superbike Challenge
package, or may be obtained through
Brederbund. No purchase is required.
The Commodore 64 version of Super-
bike Challenge has a suggested retail
price of $19.95.

Magnetron is an arcade-style space-
battle game for the Commodore 64.
Players pilot a photon fighter and battle
Magnetron Generators, which are pow-
erful, unpredictable magnetic-force
weapons. Meanwhile, the player must
destroy 50 alien war bases surrounding
earth. Magnetron also includes a Game
Generator that allows the user to design
his or her own enemy forces.

The game retails for $29.95.

Brederbund Software, 17 Paul Dr.,
San Rafael. CA 94903-2101
Circle Reader Service Number 234.

Track Satellites And Surveys

Strategic Marketing Resources has re-
leased SATCOMM-64, a program that
tracks communication satellites, along
with another prograih that analyzes
survey results.

With a Commodore 64, amateur
radio operators can communicate in
RTTY, ASCil, and CW modes, in addi-
tion to communicating via transpon-
ders and BBS-like systems that are on
board various amateur radio-communi-
cations satellites. SATCOMM-Si allows
users to know when each satellite is ac-
cessible and where to aim their antennas.

The program has a master menu
with 12 options, and can store infor-
mation for up to 15 different satellites.
It confirms reference orbits and will
print out access times for any satellite.

Other features include a changeable
satellite menu and a choice of screen
plus printed report, or screen alone.

For nonamateur radio operators,
the program may be used to track the
current group of easily visible satellites.

The program is compatible with a
1541 disk drive and Commodore 1525
or compatible printer. Suggested retail
price is $15.95,

Survey Master helps users establish
survey parameters and analyze the re-
sults. Users can try different sample
sizes to determine the effect on the con-
fidence level of the final data. Once the
sample size has been selected and the
survey conducted, the program accepts
the data and generates screen and
printed reports.

The program automatically cor-
rects for large and small samples. Its re-
ports recap all of the analysis criteria in
addition to providing detailed results.
Built-in T-Tables allow proper correc-


tion to be applied to the results ob-
tained with relatively small samples.

Survey Master is designed for the
Commodore 64 with single or dual 1541
disk drives and a 1525 or compatible
printer. The program retails for $29.95.

Strategic Marketing Resources, P.O.
Box 2183, EUisville, MO 63011
Circle Reader Service Number 235,

Four New Releases From
Electronic Arts

Electronic Arts recent releases include a
battle simulation, a fantasy adventure,
a strategy game, and a trivia/strategy
game.

Halls of Montezuma is a battle histo-
ry' of the United States Marine Corp,
tracing its histor)' from the Mexican War
to Vietnam. The battle simulation was
designed by Strategic Studies Group.

The player assumes the role of
Corporate Commander, who must lead
military forces into as many as eight dif-
ferent preprogrammed historic battle
scenarios, or scenarios that the user
designs,

Two players may battle against
one another, or one player may take on
the computer. An observe mode is in-
cluded to use for historical analysis and
for testing original scenarios.

The object of the game is to hold
back enemy forces and destroy their
battalions before they can attack back.
The player who scores the most num-
ber of points by the end of the game is
declared the winner.

The game utilizes the Battlefront
Game System which was used with
Battlefront and Battles In Normandy.
SSG's WarCame Construction Set, War-
plan, or the icon editor. Warpaint, are
needed for editing existing scenarios or
designing new ones.

Suggested retail price is $39.95. '

Another recent release, Legacy of
the Ancients, transports players to the
world of Tarmalon, where they embark
on a quest to retrieve the lost Wizard's
Compendium, a leather scroll with evil
powers.

The search begins at the Museum of
the Ancients and leads through towns,
forests, castles, and dungeons, where a
variety of dangerous creatures reside.
Towns offer the player opportunities to
purchase armor, obtain magic spells, rob
banks, and gamble his hoard away.
Each kind of terrain displays unique flo-
ra and fauna with whom the player may
interact, fighl, or make deals.

Players have the ability to manage
their character's attributes ¡ª such as in-
telligence, dexterity, and charisma.
These can be improved by competing in
five action games within the adventure.

The fantasy adventure game was
designed by Quest Software, Suggested
retail price is $29,95,


A computerized edition of the clas-
sic board game Scrabble is now avail-
able for the Commodore 64 from
Electronic Arts. Computer Scrabble, de-
signed by Leisure Genius of London^ a
division of Virgin Games, remains
faithful to the original board game.
Players build words using letters that
have numerical values. The player with
the highest letter total wins the game.

The program includes a playing
vocabulary of more than 12,000 words.
A built-in wordspeller doublechecks
every move. Players can choose from
four difficulty levels and can either play
against the computer, or against two to
three other players.

Suggested retail price is $32.95.

Quizam, a space trivia game by [n-
terstel, has also been released by Elec-
tronic Arts. The game takes place in
space, where as Commander of the U.S.
Space Shuttle Flight 310-S, players are
instructed to dispose of eight non-func-
tional satellites. Each satellite is
equipped with an automatic defense
system, which hampers their removal.
Onboard computers request infor-
mation, from approaching space ships,
in the form of trivia questions. Players
must answer the questions correctly to
capture all eight satellites and win the
game.

The game supports up to eight
players with eight different game boards


V4.0


ULTRABYTE

DISK

NIBBLER


POWERFUL NEW GCR NIBBLER
FQR COMMODORE 64 and 128 (in 64 motJe )

? Automatically copies most disks In 2 minutes or less
including variable density and rapid locked protection

? 105 new parameters lo make unprotected copies ol
recent disks. Send stamped envelope for list

? Copies up lo 40 tracks using 1 or 2 1541 or 1571
drives. Copies bolti sides on 1571

? Copies llseit ( lor Itiis reason, no refunds given )


SPECIAL - BUY A NIBBLER V4,0 AND GET
YOUR CHOICE OF A FREE SM.SS PROGRAM

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2. Ultramaii -- mall list and latiels

Handy-Capper - race tiandicapper ....

3. McMurphy's Mansion ?- text adventure
Soluv^are -- solutions lo 10 adventures

( Above may be ordered separately lor $14.95 plus S4.00
shipping. Foreign orders add $2.00 }

Mastercard. Visa, Check or M.O.. Calil. add eS'c ($?.60) sales tax.
Foreign orders,' COD add S2.00, Payment must be in U.S. funds

UPDATES- Return original Ultrabyle disk wilHi $15.00 plus $4.00
shipping. Foreign add S2.00. No tree disk with update

To order, write or call 24 hr. order line. For Into, write.

ULTRABYTE (818) 796-0576
P.O. Box 789 LaCanada, CA 91011 USA


OEALERS & DISTRIBUTORS WANTED


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? 32 separate tiuflered digital output lines

? 32 separate digital mput lines.


BH100


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User Manual, instructions,
sample programs & diagrams
of lypical hookups S129


Complete I/O Course

Includes BHtOO, Beginner's
Ivlodule Course Manual and
User Manual $159


Beginner's I/O Interface
Course Manual 315

Uearn all about Interfacing!


8 Channel A/D Plug-in
Conversion Module $45

Fasi 8 bit 0'5V A.'D converter


Security System Module


With siren,
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Beginner's Module $25

With H LEDs, 8 sv^itches and 1
relay Requires the BHIOO


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C64 Repair iraoi^t, . 42.95 Amiga Repair
CI 28 Repair ir^ii?.ii . 64.95
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1571 Repair 79.95


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Amiga Drive

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PARTS AND LABOR IWCLUDED

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COMMODORE PARTS

c-64 Power Supply 34.95

1 28 Power Supply 59.95

C-64 Over Voltage Sensor ! 9.95

Other Parts CALL

(Pliit 13.00 Shlpplng/Handdngj

All part J for Commodore equipment usually In stock

For Parts Call (312) B79-23S0

Dealer Discounts Available


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ISO HOUSTON STREET
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CLIP AND SAVE


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and eight levels of difficulty, with the
highest level asking the most difficult
questions. Playere begin the game on a
rotating globe and advance toward each
satellite with each correct answer. How
fast each answer is given also deter-
mines how far the player advances.

Players choose questions from two
sources; Fun Facts or School Days.
These sources contain categories such
as popular culture, television, movies,
history, art, geography, and literature.
Over 2000 questions are contained on
the two-disk program.

Also included is the Quizzer, a
question-making program that allows
users to create their own categories and
questions.

The game is available for the Com-
modore 64 at a suggested retail price of
$29.95.

Electronic Arts, 7820 Gateway Dr.,
Salt Mateo, CA 94404
Circle Reader Service Number 236.


Memory Cartridge For 64/128

Scinort Micro has introduced a 32K car-
tridge that will work with the Commo-
dore 64, and with the 128 in 64 mode.
The software can set either BASIC or
machine language programs to auto-
load, autoload and run, manually load,
or manually load and run. It can also
link or delete programs.

The cartridge uses a 8192-byte
62 64 LP- 15 low standby power static
RAM chip and preserves data for over a
year with standard AA Carbon-Zinc
batteries, which are included. A write-
protect switch guards against accidental
write access.

With an expansion port expander,
users can switch between several car-
tridges or read from one while a pro-
gram occupies the entire 64 memory.
The cartridge is transparent and does
not occupy any of the computer's
memory.

Suggested retail price is $59.95.

Scinort Micro, P.O. Box 17546,
Austin. TX 78760
Circle Reader Service Number 237.


Just Add Notes

Electronic Arts has released btstaiit Mu-
sic, a computer-aided music composi-
tion program for the Commodore 64.
The program uses red, green, and blue
color bars to show the pitch and dura-
tion of notes, instead of regular music
notation. Designed for musicians and
nonmusicians alike, the program uses
artificial intelligence technology to re-
construct the rules of music theory, al-
lowing users to play and compose
original music without ever hitting a
wrong note.

Users can play the lead instrument
in a three-piece band, selecting from

100 COMPUTErs Gazelta January 198B


Color bars denote the pilch and duration
of notes.

over a dozen instruments included on
the disk. New instrument sounds can
also be created with the built-in synthe-
sizer feature. The program also sup-
ports MIDI-out. MIDI users can also
take advantage of the MIDI sync fea-
ture, which adds drum-machine sound
to the composition.

The program contains a library of
over 40 preprogrammed songs in cate-
gories including classical, jazz, blues,
pop, and reggae, and rock sounds such
as Motown, 50s, 60s, new wave, heavy
metal, and psychedelic.

Suggested retail price is $29.95.

Electronic Arts, 1820 Gateway Dr.,
San Mateo. CA 94404
Circle Reader Service Number 238.

Toy Shop Price Reduced

Broderbund has announced another re-
duction in the price for the Commodore
version of The Toy Shop, The program
now carries a suggested retail price of
$29.95. It previously sold for $39.95.

The Toy Shop is a program for mak-
ing 20 different working mechanical
models. The user can customize the de-
signs before printing them out and
mounting them on adhesive cardstock.
The parts can then be cut out and as-
sembled. Models range from an antique
truck to a carousel and a jet plane.

Brederbund Software, 17 Paul Dr.,
San Rafael, CA 94903-2101
Circle Reader Service Number 239.


Basketball Takes To The Streets

Epyx has released Street Sports Basket-
batl, the second in its Street Sports soft-
ware series. The initial offering was
Street Sports Baseball. Unlike other
sports software programs, the Street
Sports line attempts to recreate neigh-
borhood pickup games.

In Street Sports Basketball, players
start by selecting whether they want to
play in a schoolyard, an alley, a subur-
ban backyard, or an inner-city parking
lot. Each court has its own particular
advantages and disadvantages.

Players can either compete against
the computer or against another player.
The computer can be set at skill levels


of easy, intermediate, or tough. After
selecting a name for the team, each
player must choose sides. There are ten
neighborhood players to choose from,
and each is profiled with a description
of his or her strengths and ^veaknesses.

Offensive and defensive movement
on the court is joystick controlled. Pass-
ing and shooting are also controlled by
the joystick.

The game is available for the Com-
modore 64 for a suggested retail price of
$39.95.

Epyx, P.O. Box 8020, Redwood City^
CA 94063
Circle Reader Service Number 240.


Fantasy And Flight
From Activision

Activision has released a fantasy role-
playing game and an arcade-style air
race game for the Commodore 64.

Book One: Secret of the Inner Sanc-
tum is the first Commodore release
from the Might and Magic series, origi-
nally released for the Apple II. Players
must guide a party of six adventurers
through the three-dimensional Land of
Varn, The party must cross oceans,
climb mountains, and search through
castles and dungeons in order to find
the mysterious Inner Sanctum. Any one
of 50 areas with 13,000 locations may
contain the winning clue, assuring that
no two games are alike. A combat sys-
tem contains hundreds of special events
and encounters including over 200
good and bad monsters, 94 magic
spells, and over 250 magic items to find.

Suggested retail for the Commo-
dore version is $39.95.

CeeBee Air Rally recreates the era
of barnstorming in the form of an air
race game. Included are more than 250
levels of difficulty on a progression of
16 different air race courses. Each
course features three-dimensional
scrolling graphics. The level of difficul-
ty increases as players progress from
course to course. Bonus courses include
two slaloms and two balloon breakers.

During the race, players must fly
over, under, and around the competi-
tion. Cutting it too close may force the
player to bail out. The pilot may suc-
cessfully parachute, land, and be res-
cued by a beautiful farmer's daughter,
or he may end up in a pig sty.

After a course has been completed,
the pilot will be honored on the awards
platform, have his picture taken for the
local paper, and receive a kiss from an
adoring fan.

The Commodore 64 version sells
for a suggested retail price of S29.95.

Activision, P.O. Box 7286, Mountain
View, CA 940S9
Circle Reader Service Number 241. 9


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00

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00

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4B

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4A

05

09

22

C4D018D AE 02 A9 06 80 AF

C2 4E

19Blt00

00

00

00

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00

00

00

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8D

4A

C5 AD

45

05

29

76

04D8:AD 05 C5 F0 14 85 03

AD AO

19B9J00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EB

C238:0F

AE

BF

C6 F0

0A

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F0

3B

O4E0tAE 02 18 69 14 BD AE

02 03

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CA

F0

0C 09

80

D0

0A

D2

C4E8:90 03 EE AF 02 C5 03

00 SC

C248:09

10

D0

06 09

20

D0

02

3D

C4F0:EE 60 20 20 20 20 20

90 6F

C250:09

40

9D

45 C5

AD

C0

C6

9D

C4F8i9D 90 90 90 00 00 02

00 4A

C258:8D

43

C5

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8D

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C5

4D

0500:00 00 0A 00 00 00 00

00 CC

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0508100 50 78 A0 03 F0 IB

40 3B

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10

F7

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07

C5

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80 4B

C270:26

A5

02

C9 FF

B0

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C9

IC

C51BiA8 00 Fa 20 48 70 04

04 50

COMPUTE'S Gazette January 1988 103


C520!04 04 04 05 05 05 05 05 CA
C528S05 06 06 06 06 06 06 06 33
CS30:07 07 07 87 4E 00 00 14 E0
C53a:00 FB 00 00 00 00 00 00 C2
CS40S00 00 D6 00 00 11 99 99 B7
C54Bi00 0A F0 9F 44 49 S3 4B A7
C550!20 4F 52 20 54 41 50 45 99
C558i20 SB 44 2F 54 5D 3F 20 FC
C560J00 0D 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 El
C56a:4D 45 3F 20 00 31 0D 4D 02
C570!4F 20 43 4F 44 45 0D 42 9C
C57B:4B 55 50 0D 00 00 05 93 77
C5B0112 ID ID 20 53 4F 55 4E D2
C5SB:44 20 4D 41 4E 41 47 45 47
C590:52 20 92 20 20 20 20 20 83
C59B>20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 24
C5A0120 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2C
C5Aai0D 00 H ID ID 53 4F 55 08
C5B0t4E 44 20 23 00 ID ID 46 08
C5BSi52 45 SI 0D ID ID 52 49 05
C5C0tS3 45 2F 46 41 4C 4C 0D 72
CSCSilD ID 57 41 56 45 46 4F CC
C5D0J52 4D 0D ID ID 50 55 4C 6D
C5DBi53 45 20 57 49 44 54 48 2S
C5E010D ID ID 41 54 54 41 43 AB
C5E8e4B 0D ID ID 44 45 43 41 Dl
C5F0I59 0D ID ID S3 55 53 54 CC
C5Fa:41 49 4E 0D ID ID 52 45 59
C600:4C 45 41 53 45 0D ID ID 18
C60ai41 2F 44 2F 53 20 54 49 SA
C61014D 45 0D ID ID 52 45 4C 12
C618i4S 41 53 4S 20 54 49 4D 89
C620I45 0D ID ID 53 59 4E 43 E8
0628:48 52 4F 0D ID ;d 52 49 74
C630I4E 47 20 4D 4F 44 0D ID 52
C636ilD 46 49 4C 54 45 52 20 50
C640t46 52 45 51 0D ID ID 46 A0
06481 49 4C 54 45 52 53 00 ID 83
C650!lD 52 45 53 4F 4E 41 4E 63
C656:43 45 0D ID ID 56 33 20 IS
C660:46 52 45 SI 0D ID ID 52 CC
C668:49 53 45 2F 46 41 4C 4C 27
C670:0D ID ID 56 33 20 57 41 DE
C678:56 45 46 4F 52 4D 0D ID 3F
C680J1D 56 33 20 50 2E 57 49 CD
C68a;44 54 48 0D ID ID 46 52 63
C690I45 51 2E 4D 4F 44 0D 00 S5
C698I0F FF FE 03 FF 0F 0F 0F 27
C6A0:0F FE FE 01 01 FF 04 0F 84
C6A8:FP FF 03 FF 04 00 5D 17 B8
C6B0:00 00 00 00 0F 0B 02 0D F3
C6B8:00 01 00 00 00 54 50 00 7B
C6C0t00 00 5D 17 00 00 00 00 6B
C6C8:0F 0B 02 0D 00 01 00 00 BS
C6D0t00 S4 50 00 00 00 1 A 00 D I
C6D8J01 00 00 00 0F 0F FE 01 9A
ceE0:00 00 00 00 00 17 00 02 CC
C6E8i80 03 15 00 03 00 01 03 37
C6F0:0B 09 0B S0 00 00 00 00 AF
ceF8:00 00 00 00 00 00 0B DC 79
C700:00 00 00 00 0F 0S 03 80 BA
C708!00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 97
C710:00 00 21 00 00 00 00 00 C3
C7iai0F 01 02 02 01 01 00 00 DB
C720I00 17 IB 00 00 00 14 01 Al
C728I01 00 01 00 0F 01 0E 07 F7
C730I00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BF
C738!00 00 10 80 03 00 00 00 E9
C740t0F 0F IB 01 00 00 OA 01 A3
C748:0F 11 00 00 00 00 48 03 37
C750:01 00 00 00 0F 09 64 80 46
C7Sa!00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E7
C760:O0 00 2A B6 02 80 00 00 B2
C768i0F 0C 3A ao 00 00 00 00 Dl
C77OI00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 04
C778I03 00 01 04 OD 0A 05 80 05
C78OS00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10
0788:00 00 IS 00 02 40 02 04 34
C790I0A 0A 04 80 00 00 00 00 30
C793:00 00 00 00 00 00 2F 03 89
C7A0:00 00 00 00 0F 0D Al 80 AO
C7A8t00 01 00 00 00 2F 20 00 7 5
C7B0S00 00 2A 01 01 00 00 00 9D
C7BBi0F 0C 29 DD 00 00 00 00 DS
C7C0:00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 58

KM COMPUTErs Ga^effe January 1988


46

IB


C7C8:01 00 00

C7DOI00 00 00

C7D8:00 00

C7E0S0F 09

C7E8:00 00 00

C7F0!02 80 00

C7F8100 00 00

CQ00I00 00 00


00 0F 0C

00 00 00

07 03 00
80 00
00 00

00 0F 0B

00 00 00

00 00 00


00
00


12 80 26

00 00 60

00 00 B9

00 00 AS

3C 6D 5E

28 80 17

00 00 88

00 00 91


BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTE! 's GAZETTE Programs,"
elsewhere in this issue.


Cats 'N' Dogs

See instructions in article on page
50 before typing in.

Program 1 : Cats 'N' Do^¡ª
BASIC Program

HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU

TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
KR 20 IFA=1THEN'60
JG 30 PRIMT"lCLRH3 SPACES J COP

YRIGHT 1988 COMPUTE! PUB

. , I NC . "
ftA 40 PRINTTAD(10)"ALL RIGHTS

[SPACEiRESERVED"
PQ 50 A=1:L0AD"CATS 'N' DOGS . M

ft" fl 1

GJ 60 DIMA(7.7),S1(18),S2(18}:
POKES3281, 14:POKES3230,6
;V=5324a!S=54272
GR 70 PI S= "PLAYER 1" : P25="PLAY
ER 2"!POKEV+28,255!POKEV
+29,0jPOKEV+23,0
XE 80 POKEV+37,1iPOKEV+38, 10:P
OKEV+27 , 0 s FORN=OT07 ; X=50
+29*N
FQ 90 POKE83S-N,XiPOKE843-N,X-

1 9 : POKE V+-3 9+N , 0 ! NEXT
CG 100 POKEV,70:POKEV+1,6O!POK
EV+2 , 250 ! POKEV+3 , 60 J POK
EV+4, 165 ! POKEV+5, 2 20
JR 110 POKE2042,24a:POKEV+21,7

1GOSUB760
HE 120 FORN=54272TO54300?POKEN
,0iNEXT:FORH=2TO18:READ
SltN) iNEXT
HE 130 FORN=2T018jREADS2(N)!NE

XT
GE 140 FORN=lT07sPOKEV+N*2,N*3
4 I NEXT t POKEV+3 7 , 1 ! POKEV
+38, 10jSYS163e5
HH 150 H=0iVE-0iFORN=S3000TO53

098iPOKEN, 248 [NEXT
PG 160 FORN=0TO6!FORI=0TO6!A(N

,I)?0tNEXTiNEXT
SP 170 M=0:PL=0rA-3:X=136tY-50
1 POKE2040, 253 : POKE5324a
,X:POKES3249,Y
CD 180 POKEV+16,0!POKEV+21,255

:POKES+24, 13
HD 190 TY=liDl=7;FORN=0TO6iIFA
{0,N)"0ORA(0,N)=3THENTY
=.0iDl=Dl-l
GP 200 NEXTlIFTY?lTHEN9S0
XK 210 IFD1<='3ORDC<>1THEN230
FF 220 DC=0:POKE53000+R1+R2*7,
24e:A(R2,Rl)=0:POKE5305
0+Rl+R2*7,248
SB 230 J=56320+PL*JY!CO=l-COtA
D=5S6ae+PL*240! FORN=0TO
7 t POKEAD+N , CO t NEXT


GP 240 GETY5;IFY$="[F1)"THENP0
KEV+21,0:GOSUB76OsGOTOl
50
AR 250 FORN="2T01BiPOKES+N,S2(N
) !NEXTiIFK5="l"AWDPl.= lT
HEN610
FB 260 POKES+8,X+PL*14:JV=PEEK
{ J ) I FR=JVAMD16 t IPFR=0TH
EN 3 00
XE 270 JV=lS-{JVAND15)!lFJV-8T
HENX=X+34 :A=A+1 j POKES + 1
1,17: IFX>23aTHENX=34 ! A=
0
CM 280 IFJV=4THENX=X-34:P0KES+
11, 17;A=A-1:1FX<34THENX
=?2 38:A=6
XM 290 POKE53248,X!GOTO190
KG 300 a=0iIFAtB,A)?3THENGOSUB

720IGOTO400
KE 310 IFA(B,A)<>0THEN190
Gil 320 CO=0:AD=55688+PL*240tFO
RN=0TO7 : POKEAD+N , CO i NEX
T
RX 330 Y=Y+18:POKE53249,YtPOKE

S+11,19

KC 340 B=B+1:IFA{B,A)<>0ANDA(B

, A) <> 3THENB=B-1 1 GOTO380

GK 350 F0RW=1T014:P0KES+8,26S-

y-PL*25 : Y=Y+2 t P0KE53249

,Y iNEXT

KC 360 IFA(B,A} = 3THENA{B,A)''0J

GOSUB720:GOTO400
KP 370 IFB<6THEN340
OR 380 POKE53000+A+B*7,2S2+PL*

2:A(B,A)=1-PL*2
PG 390 POKES+11,0:POKE53050+A+

B*7,252+PL*2
KF 400 POKEV+21,254:M-M+liIFM<

7THEN420
EK 410 SYS16586:IFPEEK(853)=3T

HEN480
FK 420 PL=1-PL:POKE2040,253+PL

*2iX=136:Y=50
EH 430 A-3!POKE53248,XiPOKE532

49,YiPOKEV+21, 25 5
QA 440 IFDCO1THEN190
ilM 450 POKE53000+R1 + R2*7,248:A
( R2, Rl }=0 : POKES3050+R1+
R2*7,248
QA 460 Rl=INTtRND{l}*7}!R2=INT
(RND(1)*7):IFA(R2, Rl ) <>
0THEN460
KF 470 POKE53O00+R1+R2*7,250:A
(R2,R1)=3:POKE53050+R1+
R2*7,250:GOTO19O
QR 480 FORN=2T018:POKES+N,Sl(N
) ! NEXT! POKES+4, 23: POKES
+11,35
RB 490 IFPEEK(8S2)=252THENY=80
:Cl=Cl + l:LI=10sN'=CliN$="
STR5(C1)+"
HD 500 IFPEEK(a52)=2S4THENY=20
0 jC2"C2+l !LI?"16iN$"STR$
(C2)+"
EA 510 CL=35:GOSUB600iPRINTN$:
POKE2040 , PEEK{ BS 2 ) j POKE
V,35:POKEV+16, 1
OQ 520 POKEV+1,Y!POKEV+29,1jPO

KEV+23, 1 : POKEV+21 , 255
JF 530 POKE53281,2:GOSUBS70:FO
RN=5 3000TO5304a : POKEK, P
EEK(852):NEXT
QE 540 GOSUB570iPOKEV+29,255:G
OSUB570:POK?V+2 3,255iGO
SUB570
JE 550 P0KEV+29,PEEK(V+29)AND1
:GOSUB570 ! POKEV+23 , PEEK
(V+23)ANDl!GOSUB570
SX 560 GOSUB590!POKES+4,0!POKE
V+23 , 0 ; POKEV+29, 0 ! POKES
3281,14:GOTO1S0
PX 570 FORW-lT025:CO=l-COiFORN


=0TO7 ! POKEAD+N , CO t NEXT :
NEXT; RETURN
CH 580 FORW=ITO300!NEXT:RETURN
HA 590 FORW=1TO1000:NEXT:RETUR

N
DS 600 POKE214, LI: PRINT* P0KE21

1,C Li RETURN
PK 610 POKES55,0:SYS].6793:R=PE

EK ( 8S 5 ) : R=R-INT ( R/ 7 ) * 7
CJ 620 IFPEEK(853)<>3THENRA=IN
T(RND(0)*4)+Cl*2!lFRA=l
rHEKR=IHT t RND (0 ) *7 )
KK 630 IFDC"1AND(C1-C2>2)AND(R
=R1)THENR=INT(RND(0)*7)
JC 640 IFR=3ANDA(0, 3)<>0THENR=
INT ( RND { 0 ) * 7 ) I IFR?>3THEN
640
HD 650 IFR-3THEN710
FC 660 IFR>3THENAA=R-3: JV=8
FA 670 IFR<3THENAA=3-R: JV=4
MR 680 FORN=lTOAAs IFJV=8THEKX=
X+3 4:A=A+1:IFX>238THENX
=34;A=0
RJ 690 IFJV=4THENX=X-34:A=A-l!

IFX<34THENX=23aiA=6
AJ 700 POKES+8,X+PL*14:POKES+1
1,17:POKES3248,X!FORWA=
iT025lNEXT:NEXT
AR 710 GOTO300

AR 720 POKES+13,255:POKES+12,0
;POKES+11,33:FORWA=1900
0TO 2 000 STEP -2 5 00
AJ 730 POKES+8,WA/300;FORN=1TO

10:POKEV+39,N
RB 740 POKEV+l,V-N:POKEV,X-NsN
EXTiPOKES+8,WA/156:NEXT
XP 750 POKES+ll,0:POKEV+39,0tR

ETURN
PQ 760 PRINT" ICLR) "TAB ( 11 ) "

[2 DOVfNj lYEL] iRVSj CATS
'N' DOGS (4 DOWN}"
FP 770 PRINT" I RVS J I RIGHT h ELK]
PRESS I 2 SPACES] 1 ioFF]
tWHTH2 SPACES I TO PLAY
[SPACE} COMPUTER"
XA 780 PRINT" 12 DOWN} (RIGHT)
[RVS} [BLKjPRESS
(2 SPACESJa [OFFltWHT}
52 SPACES 3 TO PLAY A FRI
END"!Cl=0:C2-0iDC=0!JY=
0
KH 790 GOSUB580;POKE2040,254+C
:POKE2041,252+C:GETK$;I
FKS=""THENC=1-C:GOTO790
ME 800 IFK$<>"1"ANDK5<?"2"THEN

790
KD 810 IFK5="1"THENPRINT"

[2 DOWN } t RIGHT} [RED] PLU
G JOYSTICK INTO PORT 2"
: P25= "COMPUTER" : GOTO870
SM 820 PRINT" I 2 DOWN) { RVS i

(RIGHT) [ELK [HOW MANY JO
YSTICKS7 (PRESS 1 OH 2 }
KJ 830 GETJ?iIFJ$=s""THEN830
QR 840 IFJSo "1"ANDJ5<:>"2"THEN

830
HD 850 IFJ5="1"THENPRINT"

[2 DOWN) (RIGHT) (red) PLU
G JOYSTICK INTO PORT 2"
:GOTO870
AD 860 JY=1
BQ 870 PRINT" (2 DOWN) {RIGHT}

(RVS}B63 DOG CATCHER ON
7 (Y/N)
PE 880 GOSUB580:POKE2042, 250+C
!GETYSiIFY5=""THENC=l-C
:GOTO880
EM 890 IFY$<>"Y"ANDY5<:>"N"THEN

880
KS 900 IFYS>""Y"THENDC=1
XG 910 POKEV+21,0!GOSUB590:PRI
NT" [CLRj " ;AC=55327 t AS-1
05S


GP 920

POKEAC, 2

jPOKEAS, 160;

FOR

3FD8;95

6A

00

14

58

00

00

F0

Bl

Ns

1T08!P0KEAC+N,7

; POKEA

3FE0:00

00

50

00

00

54

00

00

BA

S+N,160j

NEXT

3FE8t55

00

00

56

00

00

56

80

A4

KB 930

AC

=AC+40

:AS

=AS+40

: IFAS <

3FF0t00

55

90

00

45

50

00

45

85

2017THEN920

3FF8;52

00

41

52

00

95

58

00

B4

OA 940

PRINT

"(HOME) "TAB(32)

"

4000 sFC

A9

00

8D

50

03

8D

51

3D

(BLK) ( RVS} CATS

'N

'

4008:03

78

A9

7F

BD

0D

DC

A9

59

[ DOWN i 1 6

LEFT) DOGS" t

LI-

4010:01

BD

lA

D0

A9

07

8D

4C

95

8t

;l=

32:

GOSUB600

4018:03

AD

3C

03

8D

12

D0

A9

3D

XR 950

PRINT

" ( RVS }

"P1S:LI=14!G

4020; IB

8D

11

D0

A9

38

8D

14

IE

OSUB600!

PRINT"

[RVSi'

P2$

4028:03

A9

40

60

15

03

A9

07

84

: RETURN

4030:85

FB

A9

CF

85

FC

58

60

D5

EE 960

DATA0

. 0,

0, 194.

255

.0.

0,0

4038:AD

19

D0

8D

19

D0

C9

06

6E

0

a

3, 0

f,

0, 0

a

126

4040 ;D0

03

4C

CI

40

CE

4C

03

68

EB 970

t " r -^ f

DATA0

.0.

1^1
0,0

,0,

0,0

.0.

8,0

4048:10

05

A9

06

8D

4C

03

EE

3A

,0

0 e;i '3

,0,

0,8

1 oa

4050:50

03

AD

50

03

C9

7C

D0

7D

, Z2

i, J

, i-^

tj

4058:17

A9

00

BD

50

03

AD

51

E2

CA 980

LI

=5i

GOSUB600t

PRINT'

TIE

4060:03

D0

09

A9

01

8D

51

03

16

GAME

"rGOSUB720iTY?e

sGO

4068;4C

70

40

A9

00

9D

51

03

A9

SE 990

SUB60k?
PRINT"lYEL) [RVS]

4070 :AE
4078:BD

4C
44

03
03

A9
80

07
4F

80
03

4D
0E

03
4D

62
12

[8

SPACES!"

:GOTO150

4080:03

AC

4D

03

AD

4F

03

99

Dl

4038:01

D0

4E

4D

03

AC

4D

03

C4

Program 2: Cats

'N'

Dogs-



4090 ;B1

FB

18

6D

51

03

99

F8

85

Machine Language

Routfnc

4098:07
40A0;D4

AD
CE

IB
4D

D4
03

29
AD

79

4D

9D
03

01
D0

FF
92

3E00:00

28

00

00

28

00

00

96

5E

40A9:D5

A5

FB

18

69

07

85

FB

EC

3E08:00

00

96

00

02

00

80

02

6A

4080JC9

38

00

04

A9

07

85

FB

EE

3E10:55

80

09

55

60

08

00

20

11

40B8;BD

3C

03

80

12

D0

8A

F0

3A

3E18:25

35

58

A5

55

5A

A0

00

37

40C0:06

68

A8

68

AA

68

40

4C

BO

3E20:0A

25

55

58

25

55

58

20

6A

40C8:31

EA

A9

0E

8D

52

03

A0

0F

3E28:00

08

25

55

58

25

69

58

23

40D0;00

BC

56

03

A9

00

8D

55

2D

3E30:20

AA

08

25

AA

58

25

AA

66

4008:03

BE

05

42

E0

00

F0

31

69

3E38:58

20

AA

09

25

AA

58

DE

32

40E0:BD

EA

CE

C9

F8

F0

26

BD

D6

3E40:00

2P

00

00

28

00

00

96

9E

40E8:54

03

BE

06

42

BD

EA

CE

3A

3E48!00

00

96

00

02

00

80

02

AA

40F0:CD

54

03

F0

08

A9

00,

9D

51

3ES0:55

80

09

55

60

08

00

20

51

40F8!55

03

4C

0D

41

EE

55

03

B2

3E58:25

55

58

A5

55

SA

A0

00

77

4100:20

F9

41

AD

55

03

C9

03

61

3E60:0A

25

55

58

25

55

58

20

AA

4108; D0

03

4C

98

41

C8

4C

D9

66

iE&8:m

08

25

55

59

25

69

58

63

4110:40

C8

CE

53

03

D0

BD

A0

5B

3E70:20

AA

08

25

AA

58

25

AA

A6

4118:00

A2

00

8E

55

03

B9

3A

90

3E78:58

20

AA

08

25

AA

58

DE

62

4120;CF

C9

F8

F0

23

8D

54

03

26

3Ee0:00

01

54

00

15

54

00

0A

CB

4128:B9

3B

CF

CD

54

03

F0

08

C5

3E8S:A8

00

03

E8

00

0F

E9

00

56

4130;A9

00

8D

55

03

4C

48

41

A9

3E90:02

F0

00

03

F0

00

01

50

54

4138!EE

55

03

20

F9

41

AD

55

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G9

03

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98

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55

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54

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06

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54

55

01

14

55

01

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99

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90

06

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00

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00

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01

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00

01

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03

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67

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67

61

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55

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57

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4218:74

6E

68

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6F

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76

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77

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4230:00

53

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63

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52

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85

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00

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54

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05

54

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4238:62

6A

72

00

51

59

61

69

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3F98:15

50

00

00

50

00

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29

4240:71

79

00

50

58

60

68

70

66

3FA0:00

00

50

00

00

54

00

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4248:78

80

00

57

5F

67

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77

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00

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00

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66

6E

76

7E

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11

3FQ0I00

55

80

00

45

50

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45

45

4258:65

6D

75

7D

00

FF

00

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71

3FB9:50

00

41

50

00

85

5A

00

57

3FC0:00

50

00

01

54

00

01

58

60

3 PCS: 00

05

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5F

3FD0!6A

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00

95

6A

00

F8

COUPUTBrs Qazeiw January 1988 105


BEFORE TYPtNC . . .

Before typing fn programs, pkase
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTERS GAZETTE Programs,"
elsewhere in this issue.


GEOS Column

WordCount

Generator

Article ort page 95.

HE )0 REM COPYRIGHT 1908 COMPU

TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
KR 20 PRINTC[iR5(147)"

13 SPACES} COPYRIGHT I9B8
COMPUTE I PUB., INC."
RD 30 PRINTTA!3(1.0)"ALL RIGHTS

tSPACEjRESKRVED"
EP 40 OPENT ,8, IS!DF¡ì="WORDC0UN

T" :GFS="W0RDC0UNT":R5=CH

RS(18)
KG 50 PRINT: PRINT! PRINT iPRINTR

5dfS

FR 60 FORP=]T016:P?=PS+CHR5{16
0) :NEXT!Z5=CHR5(0) !GF5=L
EFT$(GKS+PS,16)
SD 70 FORD=lT07!READYiDIS=DIS+
CHR5 ( Y ) J NEXT : DATA 0,6,87
,7,1,1,0
SC 80 PRINT: PRINT"WRITING "DF$
'"S HEADER BLOCK" ;GOSUBl
60:GOSUB200
XB 90 FRINTtl,"B-P"r 8,-TB-2!GET
t8, ITS, ISS:IT=ASC(ITS+Z$
)!IS=ASC(IS?+Z5)
KP 100 PRINTtl, "B-P";8fTB-3:PR
INT#8,Z5;:PRINT#1,"U2:"
;8r0;TD;SDiCLOSE8
RX 110 PRINT: PRINT"WRITING "DF
5"'S APPLICATION FILE":
GOSUB160:GOSUB200
KS 120 PRINT#8,CHR$(IT)CHR5(IS
> ;DIS; ;PRINT#1, "02:"; 8;
0 ; TD ; SD
PD 130 PRINTIl, ¡ö?Ul!";8;0; IT;IS
iPRINTtl, "B-P"r8;StPRIN
T#a,CHRS(0>CHR$(255);
CM 140 PRINT#1."U25";8:0;IT;IS
EE 150 PRINT! PRINT: PRINTR5DF$"
CREATEDl": CLOSES :CLOSE
1:END
XE 160 PRINT* 1,"S0!"+GFS:OPEN8
,a,8,+GF5+",U,W" SG0SUB2
80
KQ 170 READY!ON-(Y=-l)-2*(Y=~2
)GOTO180,190jPRINT#8,CH
RS(Y); !GOTO170
DA 180 FORZ=]T0171:PRINTI8,ZS!
iNEXT: REM ONLY FOR HEA
DER BLOCK I
SH 190 CLOSESiRETURN
FE 200 TD=).a:SD=l:OPEN8,8,8, "#

AD 2]0 PRINT#l.,"Ul!"r8;fljTD;SD

:GOSUBZ80
JK 220 PRINT#1, "a-P";8r0iGETI8

,NTS,NS5
BR 230 FORDE=0TO7:TB=DE*32+S;P

RINTIl,"B-P";8rTB
XJ 240 DN?="" :FORD=1T016:GET#8

, A5 J DNS = DN5+A5 :NEXT! PRI

NT" . " r
KX 250 IFDN$="GFSTHENPRINTjRETU

RN


EC 260 NEXT:TD=ASC(NT5+Z5) :SD=

ASC{NSS+Z$ ) :IFTDTHEN210

MX 270 PRINT :PRINTR5 "FILE NOT

[ S PACE j FOUND!" :CL0SE8:C

LOSE It END

FG 280 INPUT! 1, EN, ED$,ET5,ES5!

IFEN=0THENRETURN
AP 290 PRINTRS;EN,ED5,ET5;ES?:

CL0SE8:CL0SE1:END
KJ 300 REW HEADER BLOCK INFO
JH 310 DATA 3,21,191,25 5,2 55,2
5 5,128,0,1, 156,226, 1,13
2,38,1,156,226,7
FE 320 DATA 132,130,29,156,231
,17, 128,0,39,156,0,45, 1
32,0,121,156,0,193
AF 330 DATA 144,0,129,156,1,22
5, 128, 2,145,136,1,225,1
52,2, 241, 136,5,249
QS 340 DATA 136,7,249,156,3,24
1,128,0,1,255,255,255,1
31,6,0,0,4,112
RQ 350 DATA 7,0,4,103.101,111,

67,111,117,110,1]6,-1
FG 360 REM APPLICATION DATA
EA 370 DATA 234,169,230,133,24
,169,0, 133,25, 160,90,56
,32,78,193,169,0,133
CM 380 DATA 251,169,16,133,252
,169,0,133,112, 133,113,
141,249, 5, 169,0,133, 118
PA 390 DATA 169,16,133,119,32,
161, 194, 138,240,8,160, 5
,32,142,6,76,40,4
MR 400 DATA 165,12,133,253,165
,13,133,254,169,7,133,1
6,169,48,133, 22, 169,6
AS 410 DATA 133,23,169,249,133
,12, 169, 5,133, 13, 169,16
,133,2,169,6,133,3
JQ 420 DATA 32,86,194,165,2,20
1,2,208,3,76,44,194,201
, 5,240,40, 173, 141
QC 430 DATA 132,201,1,203,5,16
0,2,76,136,6, 160, 3, 185,
142,132,240,15,152
KP 440 DATA 24,105,8,20 5,137,1
32,240,6,32,176,194,76,
40,4,136,16,233,76
SQ 450 DATA 40,4,173,249,5,208
,5,160,3,76,136,6,169, 2
49,133,2,169,5
EM 460 DATA 133,3,32,116,194,1
38,240,3,76,134,6,173,1
9,132,133,4,173,20
RQ 470 DATA 132,133,5,169,0,13
3,10,169,16,133,11,32,2
28,193,138,240,3,76
XB 480 DATA 134,6,160,90,177,1
0,201,49,208,6,162,23,1
60,63, 208,15, 201,50
EC 490 DATA 208,6,162,26,160,6
2,208,5,160,1,76,136,6,
142,110,7,140,111
EG 500 DATA 7,32,164,5,138,240
,3,76,134,6,173,150,132
,205,111,7,144,5
PD 510 DATA 240,3,76,100,5,173
,110, 7, 24, 101,122, 133,1
22,169,0,101,123,133
QA 520 DATA 123,160,0,32,93,5,
177,122,240,76,32,203,5
, 144, 1) ,32,223,5
AR 530 DATA 176,239,201,12,208
,235,240,44,230,112,208
,2,230,113,32,93,5,177
AM 540 DATA 122,240,47,32,203,
5,144,244,201,12, 240,22
,32,223, 5,176, 235,201
KG 550 DATA 13,240,202,201,32,
240, 198,201, 128, 144,223
,160,6,76, 136, 6, 32,122


KC 560 DATA 194,138,240,145,76

,134,6,230,122,208,2,23

0,123,96, 32,60,6, 169
JJ 570 DATA 0,133,253,169,16,1

33,254,169,125,133,2,16

9,5,133,3,32,86,194
BQ 580 DATA 76,0,4,129,11,40,3

2,149, 5, 11,96, 32,249,5,

11,40,48,156
AC 590 DATA 5,12,96,48,253,1,1

7,72,0,24,70,105,108,10

1,58,0,24,87
FQ 600 DATA 111,114,100,115,58

,0, 169,0,133,6,169,80,1

33,7,169,0,133,16
CA 610 DATA 133,122,169,16,133

, 17, 133, 123, 32, 140, 194,

138, 240,12,201, 11,208,5
CJ 620 DATA 160,4,76,136,6,76,

134,6,96,201,65,144,14,

201, 123,176, 10, 201
DE 630 DATA 97,176,4,201,91,17

6,2,24,96,56,96,162,2,2

21,10,6,240,5
PD 640 DATA 202,16,248,24,96,1

65,122,24,125,13,6,133,

122,144,2,230,123,56
QQ 650 DATA 96,64,64,64,64,64,

64,64,64,64,64,64,64,64

,64,64,64,64
EP 660 DATA 17,23,16,26,3,4,12

9,11, 130,10,39,6, 12, 130

,20,253, 16,4
KB 670 DATA 4,5,17,24,2,17,72,

6,17,48,0, 79, 110, 32, 100

,105,115,107

KD 680 DATA 56,0,87,114,105,11
6,101,32,73,109,97,103,
101,0, 160,4, 169,32
OF 690 DATA 145,118,136,16,251
,160,4,132,116,169,0,13
3,114,133, 115,162, 16,24
BD 700 DATA 38,112,38,113,38,1
14,38,115,56,165,114,23
3,10, 168,165,115,233,0
GD 710 DATA 144,4,132,114,133,
115,202,208,229,38,112,
38,113,165,114,24,105,4
8
QG 720 DATA 164,116,145,118,13
6,165,112,5,113,208,198
, 160, 5, 145, 118,96, 160,0
FH 730 DATA 32,142,6,76,0,4,15
2, 10, 168, 185, 175,6, 133,
120,185,176,6, 133
HG 740 DATA 121,169,166,133,2,
169,6, 133, 3,76,86, 194,1
29, 12,10,30,120,1
KH 750 DATA 17,72,0,189,6,209,
6,235,6,9,7,32,7,63,7,8
3,7.24
AH 760 DATA 69,114,114,111,114
,32,114,101,97,100,105,
110, 103,32,102,105,108,
101
CG 770 DATA 0,24,103,101,111,8
7,114,105,116,101,32,49
,46, 120,32,111, 114, 32
SC 780 DATA 50,46,120,32,111,1
10, 108, 121,0, 24, 73,110,
115,101,114,116, 32,110
XM 790 DATA 101,119,32,100,105
,115,107,32,105,110,116
. Ill , 32, 100, 114, 105 , 118
,101
PM 800 DATA 32,65,0,24,78,111,
32,102,105,108, 101, 32, 1
19,97, 115,32,115,101
SP 810 DATA 108,101,99,116,101
,100,33,0,24,60,65,71,6
9,32,84,79,32,76
SC 820 DATA 65,82,71,69,32,70,


106 COMPUTErs Gazette January 1988


79, 82, 32, 69, 86, 65, 7&, 85

,65,84, 73,79
GE 830 DATA 78,33,0,24,69,114,

114, 111,114, 32,114,101,

97,100,105,110,103, 32
SE 840 DATA 100,105,115,107,0,

24,73,108,108,101,103,9

7,108,32,99,104,97,114
CD 850 DATA 97,99,116,101,114,

32, 105,110,32,102, 105, 1

08,101,0,0,0,-2

SpeedScript
Justified

Article on page 84.


HE 10


FM 20


KM

30

AQ

40

SR

50

RE

60

PP

70

CG

80

FK

90

HK

100

JJ

110

DJ

120

DG

130

CS

140

AQ

150

H5

160

AM

170

EG

180

KR

190

KH

200

BH

210

XP

220

KX

230

EH

240

EQ

250

REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU

TEl PUBLICATIOHS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PRINT"lCLRj IBLUJ
13 SPACESjCOPYRIGHT 1988
COMPUTE 1 PUB., INC."

PRINTTAB(10) "AliL RIGHTS

i S PACE } RESERVED [ DOWN } "

GOSUB120! REM LOAD ML PR

OGRAM

POKE49242,16: REM MAX IN

SERTIONS

INPUT " FILENAME" ;N5! INPUT

"LM, RM";LM,RM

OPEN15,8, 15:0PEN2,8,2,N5

+ " , S , R" : INPUT* 1 5 , El 5 , E2 S

,E35,E4S

IFE1?="00"THEN100

PRINT: PRINTEl$;E2 5;E35rE

4?:CLOSE15:END
0PEK3 , 4,7: P0KE781 , LM: PO
KE782,HM-l!SYS49152:PRI
NT#3:CLOSE2:CLOSE3
CL0SE15!END

FORJ=49152TO49S70:READA
!X=X+A:POKEJ,A:NEXT
IFX<>61941THENPRINT"ERR
OR IN DATA STATEMENTS . "
sSTOP
RETURN

DATA 142,163,193,140,16
4,193, 169,0,141,165,193
,32,19,193

DATA 32,225,255,208,6,3
2,225,255, 240, 251,96,17
3,168,193

DATA 205,163,193,176,6,
32,56,192,76,11,192,173
,165,193

DATA 208,6,32,56,192,76
,11,192,32, 79,192,76,11
,192,32

DATA 204,255,162,3,32,2
01,255, 162,0, 189,176, 19
3,32, 210

DATA 255,232,236,168,19
3 , 144 , 244, 96, 56 , 173 , 164

193 237
data' 167, 193, 141, 169, 19
3,201,16,144,4,32,56,19
2,96,201

DATA 0,208,4,32,56,192,
96,169,0,141,170,193,17
4,163,193

DATA 189,176,193,201,32
,208,4,232,76,113,192,1
89,176,193

DATA 201,32,208,15,172,
170,193,138,153,176,194
,169, 1,153

DATA 0,195,238,170,193,
232,236,168,193,144,228
,172,169


KG 260

DATA 193,174,171,193,23

8080:85

06

A9

7D

85

FA

85

07

FC

6,170,193,144, 2,162,0,2

8088:A9

00

85

2E

8D

FF

7D

85

DE

54,0,195

8090:17

85

18

85

IF

A9

00

85

FE

RD 270

DATA 232,236,170,193,14

8098:33

A9

C0

85

39

A9

02

20

25

4,2,162,0,136,208,242,1

80A0:BC

98

20

15

88

20

0D

8C

CA

42,171,193

80A8:E0

00

D0

03

4C

30

82

A5

32

XC 260

DATA 169,255,172,170,19

80B0:17

18

69

04

85

17

90

02

SC

3, 153, 176,194, 32,204, 25

80B8:E6

18

A0

00

A5

10

91

36

10

5, 162, 3

80C0:C8

AS

U

91

38

A5

38

18

AB

KD 290

DATA 32,201,255,162,0,1

90C9:69

02

85

38

90

02

E6

39

C6

60,0,152, 221,176,194,20

80D0:20

4D

8C

A5

33

C9

3A

F0

47

S, 54, 169

80D8:04

C9

80

90

04

A2

00

86

98

DS 300

DATA 0,141,166,193,200,

80E0:1F

C9

86

D0

02

E6

IF

C9

75

185, 176, 193, 136, 201,8, 2

80E8:83

D0

5C

20

4D

9C

A5

44

99

08,3,238

DATA 166,193,142,162,19

80F0:D0

0C

E6

44

AS

F7

8D

E3

8A

AE 310

B0F8:0B

AS

F8

8D

E7

0B

A0

00

8D

3,189,0,195,170,169,32,

32,210,255

DATA 17 3,166,193,240,10

8100!A5
8108:42

F7

A5

91
33

42
C9

C8
22

AS
D0

F8
06

91
20

SA
19

SH 320

8110:4D
8118:12

8C
A5

4C
33

09
C9

31
2C

AS
D0

34

08

D0
A9

D2
EE

,169,8,32, 210,255, 169,9
5,32,210

8120:00

20

E3

9B

4C

0F

81

C9

CB

812a:3A

F0

04

AS

33

D0

F2

A9

GH

PB 330

DATA 255,202,208,233,17

8130:00

20

E3

3B

A9

00

20

E3

El

4,162,193,232,76,12,193

8138: SB

A5

F7

85

42

A5

F8

85

El

, 185,176

8140:43

20

03

8C

4C

D3

30

C9

92

EB 340

DATA 193,32,210,255,200

8148:22

D0

06

20

CE

81

4C

D3

3C

, 204, 168, 193, 144, 184, 96

8150:80

C9

8F

D0

03

4C

AS

80

lA

,32,204

8158:20

C3

8C

90

4D

20

47

8D

FD

GB 350

DATA 255,162,2,32,198,2

8160:A5

IF

D0

02

B0

47

20

F4

10

55, 169,0, 141,167, 193,14

8168:81

A5

ID

19

69

04

B5

0F

30

1,168,193

8170:A5

06

38

E5

0F

85

06

B0

78

KA 360

DATA 169,32,141,176,193

8178:02

C6

07

A0

00

AS

ID

05

EE

,32,207,255,170,32,183,

8180:1E

91

06

C8

AS

0C

91

06

CA

255,41,64

3188;C8

AS

F9

38

E5

0C

85

F9

80

GP 370

DATA 240,3,104,104,96,1

8190(91

06

C8

A5

FA

E9

00

85

56

38,201,1,208,6,141,165,

81 98: FA

91

06

A2

00

C8

BD

Dl

D8

193,76,40

B1A0I98

91

06

E8

E4

ID

90

F5

56

MC 380

DATA 193,201,2,208,8,16

81A8:B0

03

20

4D

8C

AS

33

F0

E?

9,0,141, 165,193, 76,40, 1

81B0:03

4C

D3

80

4C

A5

80

AS

6A

93,201,13

81B8:06

38

E9

04

85

06

B0

02

Fl

KK 390

DATA 208,62,238,167,193

B1C0:C6

07

A0

02

AS

F7

91

06

53

,172,167,193,140,168,19

81C8iC9

AS

F8

91

06

60

20

B7

7B

3,153,176

81D0!81

A2

00

20

4D

8C

F0

0A

C7

QC 400

DATA 193,238,168,193,17

81D3:C9

22

F0

06

20

E3

88

E8

56

4, 163,193, 189,176, 193,2

81E0:D0

Fl

84

0F

A0

00

A9

30

D2

01,32,176

91E8:91

06

C8

8A

91

06

A4

0F

F4

HM 410

DATA 23,201,27,208,6,20

81F0:20

4D

8C

60

AS

IE

D0

05

3B

6,167,193,76,123, 193,20

81Fe:A9

02

95

0C

60

A9

0A

85

06

1.8. 208

8200 :0C

AS

IF

F0

ID

20

74

91

4B

PR 420

DATA 3,206,167,193,206,

8208:20

D0

8C

B0

05

A9

07

4C

17

167.193,76,136,193,201,

146,208

DATA 3,206,167,193,232,

9210:70
8218:2C

8A
F0

20
F2

DD
20

8C

77

AS
91

33

AS

C9
13

FC
30

PM 430

8220:85
8228:F0

0C
03

E6
06

0C
0C

A5
60

IE
E6

C9
0C

20
60

Bl
FE

236, 168, 193,144,213,96,
172,168

e230:E6

3A

20

CC

FF

A9

01

20

D0

a238:C3

FF

A5

06

39

E5

17

85

41

ED 440

DATA 193,153,176,193,23

6240 .? 17

85

2C

85

19

A5

07

E5

63

8,168,193,201,32,240,14

82481 18

85

18

85

2D

85

lA

A5

6F

0,140,167

8250:F7

8D

3D

08

A5

F8

8D

3E

47

FB 450

DATA 193,76,40,193,7

8259:08

A9

04

20

8C

88

20

IS

2A

9260:88

20

0D

8C

E0

00

D0

03

C7

C r%Mi ¡ö

It II

8268: 4C

00

83

20

AC

8A

A0

00

D6

jprii

e2 70:A5

10

91

2C

C8

A5

11

91

Dl

¡ö

8278; 2C

CB

A5

F7

91

2C

ca

AS

6E

See instructions in article on page

8280 :F8

91

2C

AS

2C

18

69

04

DE

72 before twins in.

8288 :B5

2C

90

02

E6

2D

20

7C

36

^r o

8290:83

20

4D

8C

AS

33

C9

3A

99

Program 1: sprint ir

8298 :F0
82A0 : DD

15
54

C9
3B

80
F0

90

13

3A
E8

A2
E0

00
IF

4F
47

3000 :A2

7f B5 00 9D 00 7F CA 9F

e2A8:90

F6

A9

07

4C

70

8A

20

B2

3003:10

F8 A9 40 85 12 A9 00 50

82B0:4D

8C

AS

33

D0

DE

F0

A9

F4

8010:85

27 A9 10 95 31 A9 FE )7

82B8:E0

12

90

05

A9

09

4C

70

3F

8018:85

42 A9 FF 85 43 A9 00 2E

82C0:8A

20

4D

BC

BA

0A

AA

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01

8020:85

44 20 3C 88 20 CF FF 26

e2C3iBZ

48

A9

Bl

48

BD

DD

82

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a028iC9

0D F0 06 9D 81 96 E8 DC

82D0:48

BD

DC

82

48

A5

33

60

CC

8030:00

F3 E0 00 D0 01 60 86 84

82D8:A2

07

D0

EB

49

85

7E

86

7D

8038:0A

A9 0D 20 D2 FF A9 00 36

82E0:F9

86

C2

83

SE

85

C2

83

27

8040:20

BD FF A9 0F A2 08 A0 0F

B2E8:AE

85

CF

83

CD

84

8F

84

FC

8048:0F

20 BA FF 20 C0 FF A9 DO

82F0:07

83

00

84

49

85

C9

83

75

0050:00

35 3A A9 01 95 F7 A9 4C

e2F8:C2

87

E0

85

F7

87

4E

85

B5

8058:08

85 F9 A9 EE 85 2A A9 04

8300:20

7C

93

A9

60

20

E3

8B

18

8060:92

85 2B A0 00 Bl 2A 20 B6

8308:A5

FB

48

A5

F7

48

AS

lA

C9

8068 :E3

9B E6 2A D0 02 E6 2B 45

B310!CS

18

D0

06

AS

19

C5

17

AE

8070 ;A5

2B C9 97 D0 04 AS 2A CD

8318:B0

33

A0

00

Bl

19

85

F7

4D

8078:C9

D5 90 E9 A9 FF 85 F9 D6

8320:CB

Bl

19

85

FB

CB

Bl

19

DA

COMPUTEI's GazBfte January 1986 107


8328:85

13

CB

Bl

19

85

14

20

12

eSD0:0F

20

C3

8C

80

05

A9

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A4

8878:

FF

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E4

0E

90

F5

A9

0D

FO

8330:93

83

A0

02

81

2A

20

E3

70

8508:4C

70

8A

A9

07

4C

70

8A

E6

8880:

20

02

FF

A9

11

20

8C

88

93

8338:88

CB

Bl

2A

20

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SB

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50

85E0:60

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33

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2E

C9

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8888:

4C

52

83

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AA

30

A5

88

8S

8340:19

IS

69

04

as

19

90

02

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85E8:37

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26

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8890:

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88

85

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AO

95

8348:Ee

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83

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35F0:39

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89

8898:

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31

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8600:20

SA

91

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20

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83

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72

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108 COMPUTE/ s Gazette January 1988


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91F8:42
9200:C9
9208 1 50
9210:A2
9218:88
9220:20
9228:90
9230120
9238:70
9240:20
9248:A9
92S0:E6
9258:20
9260:22
9268:00
9270:20
9278:20

92 80:07
9208:30
9290: DO
9298:B1
92A0!lD
92A8iF0
92B0:O4
92B8:23
92C0JFC
92C8:20
92D0:QB
9208:E1
92E0:0e
92E8:0C
92F0:00
92F8:00
9300 :D4
9308:85
9310198


09 4C E3

8B A9 09

05 23 20

E3 08 A5
80 20 E3

88 A9 7E

0B 20 SD

8B A9 85

18 65 29

85 28 20

A5 29 00

88 A9 0A

20 E3 8B

A9 02 85

68 91 20

AS 32 85

04 85 FC
91 A9 02
20 68 91
91 20 8F
20 FF 91
85 72 AS
02 85 23
80 0C 20
20 4D 91
0E 20 18
FF 91 A 5
85 33 60
20 E3 8B
A9 20 2C
2C A9 SD
20 A4 8C
70 8A A9
A4 8C B0
8A 4C 40
35 29 20
SD C9 AG

05 A9 07

90 4C C9
F0 07 A2

06 85 FE
C9 Bl 90
38 E9 B0
40 ec A9
65 FC 20
AS FE
F) 91
20 E3
08 22
0A 38 0A
22 00 22

91 AS ID

20 E3 as

A9 AO 20
E3 88 4C
06 20 A7
C3 8C 80
8A 20 4 7
FO 05 A9
AD 20 E3
13 DO 02
4D 8C G9
85 34 A2
C9 22 FO
4D 8C E0
40 8C AS
85 23 AO
DO 21 G8
18 C8 Bl
22 85 14
FO 18 Bl
F4 A9 30
65 22 85
D0 CB 60
AS 29 DO
E3 88 BD
BD E0 92

92 4C E3
06 BC OB
2B 0C 3)
9E 32 30
A9 FF 8D
A9 80 8D
02 A9 00
91 02 E6


0A
20

an

0A


8B A9

4C E3
A9 8E

28 20

8B A9

16 6 5

9] A9

20 E3

4C E3

A6 8E

OA A9

4C E3

A9 0A

28 20

A9 8E

41 20

20 FF

85 28

20 A9

8C A9

4C 44

32 85

A9 0C

68 91

20 68

91 20

41 85

20 5A

A9 OB

A9 A9

4C E3

B0 14

28 2C
05 A9
8C A9
FF 91
90 09
4C 70
B4 80

00 86
A4 32
0E C9
65 FE

01 as

40 BC
AA 20
E3 88
4C 8F
10 0A
4C OA
20 59
20 E3
AS 13
E3 0B
BD 92
8F 4G
05 A9
80 AS
10 4C
BB 20
E6 14
22 F0
00 AS
09 9D
00 EF

06 as

00 Bl
Bl 22
22 85
A0 FF
13 09

29 0F
22 90
20 SA
0C BD
DF 92
20 E 3
08 A8
0C 10
0C 08
36 31
0E 04
12 D4
05 03

02 D0


2D 20 ED
SB A9 E6
A9 A 5 88
E3 88 93

00 20 4F
29 20 74

01 20 C 5

88 A9 70
0B A9 CD
20 5A 4D
E6 20 2B
8E A9 47
4C E3 16
00 ac 12
20 18 40
8F 8C 11
91 4C 06
20 80 83
8E 20 7C
08 as 39
91 A5 0F
41 60 69
05 FC 51
20 A9 82
91 20 4B
8F 8C 12

32 AS 2A
91 A9 A9
4C E3 AS
2C A9 68
SB A9 22
A9 12 42
A9 29 30
13 4C B2

00 85 6D
AS 33 77
C9 BJ 75
8A C9 FD
48 E9 46
3F 38 B0

89 00 4C
D4 B0 40

85 FE 70
29 A9 95
20 FF D3
SA 91 CA
BD F2 4F

91 60 36
2E OA C0
A5 33 70

92 20 7A
8B A9 16
20 E3 61
AS 14 30
C9 80 00
77 91 C3
0B 4C 24
IE C9 B9
70 8A OA

03 0G 5F
D0 87 C8

04 A9 95

33 F0 96

01 98 D4

86 10 89
22 AS ID
22 C9 CO
C5 ID 69
13 C3 6E
C0 C4 6C

01 90 EA
18 69 DA
CC E6 Al
91 A6 F6
DE 92 A7
4C E3 0A
BB BD 05
03 C0 2B
OC 16 8C
08 0A lA
00 00 7D
8D 0F 4F
A9 00 IC
AO 00 21

02 E6 D4


COMPU TBI's GazBtiB J anua ry 1 988 1 09


9318:03 A5 33 C9 7E 00 04 A5 0C
9320S02 C9 00 90 E9 20 E2 0B 64
9329:40 FF FF A9 00 38 F5 02 DE
93 30:95 02 A9 00 F5 03 95 03 CI
9338:60 A2 00 ZC ft2 02 B5 03 36
934011.0 03 20 3F 08 60 A2 00 2F
9348: 2C A2 02 Al 02 9S 02 A9 9C
9350:00 95 03 60 A2 00 2C A2 S3
935B:02 A9 00 95 03 A5 D3 95 30
9360:02 60 A2 00 2C A2 02 AD 92
9368: IB D4 95 02 AD IB D4 95 3E
9370:03 60 A2 00 2C A2 02 B5 2B
9378:03 D0 05 B5 02 D0 01 60 07
93a0tB5 03 30 09 A9 00 95 03 55
9388:A9 01 95 02 60 A9 FF 95 D6
9390:02 95 03 60 86 06 84 07 E0
9398: 6D B2 OB A0 00 C0 00 F0 32
93A0:0a Bl 06 99 00 7E Ca D0 EE
93Aa:F4 84 08 60 86 06 94 07 CE
93B0J8D CA 08 A0 00 C0 00 F0 50
93B9;08 Bl 06 99 00 7F C8 D0 0B
93C0:F4 84 09 60 86 06 84 07 07
93C8!A0 0^ C4 03 F0 08 39 00 74
93D0:7E 91 06 C8 DO F4 98 60 D4
93Da:A2 00 A4 08 E4 09 F0 0A 9D
93E0tBD 00 7F 99 00 7E Sa C8 05
93E8:D0 F2 84 08 60 A9 00 85 75
93F0:03 65 05 A5 08 B5 02 A5 FS
93F8:09 85 04 A2 FF E8 E4 08 26
9400 !F0 13 E4 09 F0 0F BD 00 D2
9408: 7E DD 00 7F F0 EF 85 02 34
94J0:BD 00 7f 85 04 60 A2 00 47
9418i2C A2 02 A9 00 95 03 A5 DC
94Z0;09 F0 03 AD 00 7E: 95 02 EB
9429:60 A5 04 18 65 02 85 02 2D
9430: AS 05 65 03 85 03 60 A5 E8
9438:02 38 E5 04 85 02 AS 03 EF
9440 :E5 05 85 03 60 A9 00 85 AD
9448:0A 85 013 A2 OF 06 0A 26 2E
9450:08 06 02 26 03 90 OD A5 3D
9458:0A IB 65 04 9S 0A AS 0B 24
9460:65 05 85 0B CA 10 E6 A5 E8
9468: 0A 85 02 A5 0B 85 03 60 67
94 70 !A2 00 86 0A 96 0B A0 00 FD
9479:A5 03 10 04 C8 20 3F 08 C4
94a0:AZ 02 AS OS 10 04 88 20 42
9489: 3F 08 A2 0F 06 02 26 03 20
9490:26 0A 26 0B A5 0B C5 05 AE
9498: D0 04 A5 0A C5 04 90 12 Fl
94A0:A5 0A E5 04 85 OA A5 0U C6
94A8:e5 05 8S 0B E6 02 D0 02 4A
94B0:E6 03 CA 10 D7 C0 00 F0 IB
94BB:05 A2 00 20 3F 09 60 AS 8F
94C0:02 25 04 85 02 A5 03 25 DE
94caj05 85 03 60 A5 02 05 04 7F
94D0:aS 02 AS 03 05 05 BS 03 6C
94DB:60 A5 03 30 U A5 05 30 SB
94E0:0B AS 03 C5 05 U0 04 A5 CE
94E8:02 CS 04 60 38 60 A5 05 9E
94F0:30 EF A9 01 IB 60 A9 FF 09
94F8:85 02 BS 03 60 A9 00 85 75
9500:02 8S 03 60 20 01 09 20 ZB
9508: ED 09 FO EA D0 EF 20 01 C0
9510:09 20 ED 09 FO E7 90 E5 44
95)8:B0 DC 20 01 09 20 ED 09 94
9520:B0 DB 90 D2 20 01 09 20 11
9529:ED 09 FO 01 D0 C9 20 01 B2
9530:09 20 ED 09 90 C7 B0 BE F9
9538:20 01 09 20 ED 09 F0 B6 03
9540:90 B4 B0 b9 A5 05 85 17 F5
9548: 4C 3D 09 AS 17 30 03 4C 30
9550! 4F 0A 4C 45 OA A2 00 2C BA
95S8:A2 02 A5 09 B5 0F E0 02 B6
9S60:D0 04 A5 09 85 OF A0 00 E3
9568:98 95 02 95 03 65 0G 85 AA
95701 OE C4 0F F0 3E B3 00 7E IC
9578 iC9 2D D0 04 E6 0E 00 30 6F
9S80:C9 30 90 2F C9 3A B0 2B 65
9598!E9 2F 85 0D B5 03 85 0C C6
9590 :B5 02 0A 26 OC 0A 26 0C 9B
9598:75 02 95 02 AS 0C 75 03 ID
95A0S9S 03 )6 02 36 03 B5 02 65
95A8:65 0D 95 02 90 02 F6 03 lA
95B0;C8 D0 BE AS 0E F0 03 20 01
95BB:3F 08 60 01 00 0A 00 64 2E


95C0:00 EB
95Ca!A6 08
95D0!09 60
9508:47 0B
95E0:A0 00
95E8!7E A5
9SF0:00 7E
95F8:AZ 08
9600:00 DO
9608 :CF 0A
9610:CF 0A
9618:0A 85
9620:00 FO
9628:04 A5
9630:30 99
9638:CA 10
9640:32 28
964S:D3 DD
9650 :F6 4C
96S9:02 A5
9660:00 F0
9668 :CA 10
9670:96 A9
967B:F0 05
9680 :A5 B8
9688:FF A9
9690:20 CF
9698:00 7E
96A0:0D 4G
96A8:12 A2
96B0:00 7E
96B8:C8 Bl
96C0:48 C8
96C8:10 AO
9600:85 10
96D9:0B A2
96E0:00 7E
96E8:60 AS
96F0:15 60
96F8:02 4C
9700:A9 08
970B:86 14
9710:AA 90
9719:37 0C
9720: 4C C0
9728:14 AA
9730:0P 08
973B:AD 31
9740 :FF 20
9748 :C9 FF
9750 :4C C6
97 58:97 AD
9760:33 97
9768: 4C C0
9770:97 20
9779tC3 48
9780:C3 A5
9788:20 A4
9790:C4 69
9798:90 35
97A0:3Z 97
97A8:BC 97
97b0:2C 20
97B8:4C C6
97C0tAa 97
97Ca:90 FF
97D0:C0 4C


03 10

A9 20
A9 7E
38 E9

84 0C
03 10
A 2 00
A9 00
OA D0
90 13

85 02
03 E6
OA AS
0C F0
00 7E
BF B4
IE 14
52 SB
B3 OB
02 38
08 A9
F4 60
00 85
90 00
F0 0A
20 20
FF C9
EB D0
02 FF
00 Bl
C8 E8
10 D0
Bl 10
00 84
A9 00

00 E4
20 02
02 BS
AS 02
C0 08
20 IC
38 E5

01 ce

4C A8

08 C6

90 01

OF 00

97 4C

00 97

20 D0

FF 4C

31 97

20 BA

FF 20

BA FF

AS C4

2C 85

2E 20

85 C3

97 60

A2 01

AD 31

05 FF

97 AD

4C BD

69 69

90 FF


27 20 E6
90 00 7E
2C A9 7P
76 9D 50
A9 20 9D
0A A9 20
20 3F 08
85 00 A5
05 A5 02
AS 02 39
AS 03 PD
00 00 OF
00 C9 00
0A A5 00
ca E6 0C
00 60 46
OA A2 06
90 06 CA
BD 52 OB
ES 03 AA
20 20 D2
AS 02 4C
08 20 E4
7E E6 08
A9 3F 20
02 FF A2
00 FO 06
F3 86 08
6C 02 00
10 F0 07
00 F5 86

0E ca Bl
85 11 68
12 60 A9
85 11 4C
08 F0 09
FF E8 DO
14 AS 03
4C A8 OB
20 IC OC
OC 4C C0
02 18 65
AS 02 60
08 20 37
14 8A 18
C8 A5 02
00 20 00
C3 FF
AE 31


4G
97


97 AE 31


20
97


CC FF
AE 32
FF 20 BC
00 97 AD
20 BC 97
46 A5 2B
C4 A9 C3
D8 FF 69
60 20 B7
20 D0 97
AG 33 97
97 A6 2B
86 2D 84
34 97 A2
FF A9 00
4C 59 A6
00 00 00


0A 19
E6 51
80 C9
OB A5
00 96
80 FC
C8 E6
03 SB
DD 3F
FD 86
00 7E
E0 C6
D0 85

09 5B

CA aa

3C 59
AS 22

10 14
85 06
E0 68
FF BC
SF 00
FF 36
60 11
02 CA
00 02
9D 34
A9 03
A4 0)
90 92

08 98
10 CC
9S 42
00 03
DD E0
BD 56
F3 18
85 OB
A5 50
4C A8

09 66
14 34
20 7B
0C 3 5
6S 73
60 6F
97 94
E7 E0
4C CO
97 DE
D0 93
AC 78
97 50
32 62
A 5 93
85 51
A6 03
85 5C
FF IC
AO F5
20 B4
A4 37
2E 08
05 AB
20 52
A9 92
00 95


Program 2: Sprint II File Routines

BX 60000 IFLEmOPS)=0THEN60O20
QK 60010 VX=LEN(0PS) :F0RW=1T0

VX:CG5=MID5(OPS,W,l !

iPOKE36e63+VV,ASC(CC$

) :NEXTW
HS 60020 POKE38708,LES(OP5)!RE

TURN
KP 60100 CC5="":0P?="" JSYS3873

1
GC 60110 GETCC5:IFCCS':>CHR$(13

) THENOP $=0PS+CC5 : GOTO

60110
HC 60120 SYS38740:O95=OP$
HD 60130 IF09S=""THENRETURH


FX 60140 IFLEFT?(095,1 )=" "THE
N0P=LEN(095)-l!O9S=RI
GHT$(095,OP) ;GOTO6013
0

SK 601S0 0P=VAL(09$)i RETURN

Program 3: Doodler

AC 100 POKE532a0,0:POKE53281,2

SPRINT" ICLR) 13 DOWN)

[WHT5"TAB(15)"64 DOODLE

R"
KB 110 PRINT" 1 2 DOWK}lBLK}"TAB

18) "PLUG JOYSTICK INTO

I SPACE} PORT 2"
EP 120 PRINT"lD0UNj"TAB(9)"USE

IT TO DRAW PICTURES"
CR 130 PRINT"lDOWtJr'TAB(10)"TR

IGGER CLEARS SCREEN": PR

INT" 14 OOWNj UfHTi"TAB(l

4)"PRES3 ANY KEY"
ER 140 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN140
EG 150 PRINT" lCLR]":FORI=0TO7;

READP ( I ) : NEXT 1 DAT Al , 2 , 4

,8, 15,32,64,128
EH 160 FORI=0TO10;READDX(I),DY

(I) :NEXT
HR 370 DATA0,0, 0,-1,0, 1,0,0,-1

,0,-1,-1,-1,1,0,0,1,0,1

,-1,1,1
GF 180 POKES3272,PEEK(53272)OR

8:POKE5 3265,PEEK{53265)

OR32
PH 190 GOSUB300:FORI='1024TO202

3:POKEI,2:NEXT
CA 200 X=160:Y=100
JS 210 GOSUB2a0!j=PEEK{56320):

K=JAND16:IFK=0THENGOSUB

300
CB 220 J=JAND15:J=1S-J:X=X+0X(

J) :Y=Y+OY(J)
SS 230 IFX>319THENX=0
AX 240 1FX<0THENX='319
CA 250 IFY>199THENY=0
QE 260 IFY<0THENY=199
BQ 20 GOTO210
ME 280 R0%=Y/8:CH%=X/B:LI-YAND

7 : BI=XAND7 : Bl =7-81: 81=R

O%*320:B2=CH1*B
DD 290 BY=8192+Bl+B2+LI:POKEBY

, PEEK ( BY )ORP(BI): RETURN
GF 300 FORI=8192T016383:POKEI,

0:NEXTi RETURN


BEFORE TYPING . . .
Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTEl's CAZEnE Programs,"
elsewhere in this issue.


Condensed Font

Article on page 83.

Program 1: Condensed Font ¡ª
Main Program


HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU

TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
RQ 20 C=49152:IFPEEK(6S530)=5T

HENBANK15:C=4854:REM 64/

128
GE 30 IFPEEK(65 530)=164THENPOK

E56,62:POKE5 5,0:CLR!C=15

872: REM PL.US4/16


110 COMPUTBs Gazatte January 1988


DK 40 PRINT"lCLRJi3 SPACES J COP
YRIGHT 1988 COMPUTE I PUB
. , I NC . "
PA 50 PRINTTAB(10)"ALL RIGHTS

?SPACE)RESERVED"
DH 60 F0RI=CT0C+191:READAiPOKE
I,A:X=X+A:NE)tTiREM CHARS
HF 70 IFX<>35784THENPRINT"CHEC
K DATA LINES 80-190.": ST
OP
BP 80 DATA128, 128,128, 128, 223,
128,135,128,135,255,148,
255,165,235,178,241,136,
199
BK 90 DATA246,201,214, 132, 130,
129,156,162,193,193,162,
156,148,136,148,136, 156,
136
KM 100 DATA192,176,12a, 136, 136
,136, 224,224,128, 224,15
6,131,190,197,190,194,2
55,192
BD 110 DATA226, 209, 206, 162,201
,182,158,144, 25 5,199,19
7,185,188,202,177,225,1
53,135
FP 120 DATA182, 201, 182, 198,169
,158,128, 146, 128,192,17

8. 128. 135. 148. 162. 148.1
48,148

AH 130 DATA162,148,i36,130,209
,142,190,201,166,254,13
7, 254,25 5,201,182, 190,1
93,162

RR 140 DATA2S3, 193, 190, 255,201
,193,255,137,129,255,19

3. 241.255. 135. 255. 193.2
55,193

BD 150 DATA193, 255, 129,255, 136
,247,255,192,192,255,13
4,255, 255, 129, 254, 190, 1
93,190

EP 160 DATA255, 137, 134, 158,161.
,254, 255,137,246, 166,20
1, 178,129,255,129,255,1
92,253

DC 170 DATA191,192,191,25S,176
,255, 247,136,247,143,24
8,143,241,201,199,255,1
93, 193

QX 180 DATA 254, 201,194, 193, 193
, 255, 134,255,134,136,15
6, 170

Program 2: Condensed Font¡ª
Customizer For 64

00 200 FORI=5S000TO50158iREADA

!P0KEI,A:X=X+A!NEXTtRQ1
64
XR 210 IFX<5-20549THENPRINT"CHE

CK DATA LINES 2 20-370."

sSTOP
HS 220 DATA 169,91,141,38,3,15

9,195,141,39,3
UK 230 DATA 96,133,2,201,18,20

8, 5, 169,1,141
KM 240 DATA 93,193,201,13,240,

105,201,141,340,101
KE 250 DATA 201,146,240,97,201

,32, 144,79,201,96
BJ 260 DATA 176,75,138,72,152,

72,8,165,2,56
MJ 270 DATA 233,32,141,92,193,

162,3, 169,0,24
AH 280 DATA 109,92,193,202,208

,250,168,169,8,32
FF 290 DATA 202,241,162,3,185,

0,192,72,173,93
QM 300 DATA 193,201,1,240,55,1

04,32, 202,241,200
HP 310 DATA 202,208,237,173,93


,193,

SG 320 DATA

,169,
MC 330 DATA

,169,
KQ 340 DATA

69,24
\m 350 DATA

3,165
EB 360 DATA

,141,
DX 370 DATA

128,7


201,1,240,5

169,128,76,187,195

255,32,202,241

40,104, 158,104,170

15,75, 202,241

169, 202, 141, 38,3, 1

1,141,39, 3

96, 159,0, 141,93, J.9

,2,76,197

195, 104, 56, 233, 128

94, 193,169, 127

237,94,193,24,105,

6, 166, 195


Program 3: Condensed Font ¡ª
Customizer For 128

ME 200 PORI=5100TO52565READA:P

OKEI,A:X=X+A!NEXT:REM 1

28
EH 210 IFX<il9596THENPRIHT"CHE

CK DATA LINES 220-370."

:STOP
QM 220 DATA 169,247,141,38,3,1

59,19,141 ,39, 3
CX 230 DATA 96,133,250,201,18,

208.5,169, 1,141
PF 240 DATA 234,19,201,13,240,

105,201,141,240,101
KE 250 DATA 201,146,240,97,201

,32, 144,79,201,95
GA 260 DATA 176,75,138,72,152,

72,8, 165,250, 56
HA 270 DATA 233,32,141,233,19,

162, 3, 169,0,24
MQ 280 DATA 109,233,19,202,208

, 250,168, 159,8,32
QD 290 DATA 121,239,162,3,185,

0,19,72,173,234
HM 300 DATA 19,201,1,240,56,10

4,32,121, 239,200
KC 310 DATA 202,208,23 7,173,23

4,19, 201, 1,240,5
EE 320 DATA 169,128,76,87,20,1

69,255, 32, 121, 239
PH 330 DATA 40,104,158,104,170

,169,15,76,121,239
AS 340 DATA 169,121,141,39,3,1

69,239,141,39,3
FH 350 DATA 96,159,0,141,234,1

9,165,250,75,97
DK 360 DATA 20,104,56,233,128,

141,235, 19,169, 127
DB 370 DATA 237,235,19,24,105,

128,75,66,20

Program 4: Condensed Font¡ª
Customizer For Plus/4 and 16

DB 200 FORI=16128T016285:HEADA

:POKEI,A!X=X+A!NEXTiREM
PLUS 4/16
SS 210 IFX<>19620THENPRINT"CHE

CK DATA LINES 220-370."

sSTOP
R.A 220 DATA 169,11,141,36,3,16

9,63,141,37,3
EQ 230 DATA 96,133,161,201,18,

208, 5, 169, 1, 141
EG 240 DATA 254,62,201,13,240,

105,201, 141,240,101
KE 250 DATA 201,146,240,97,201

,32,144,79,201,96
JG 250 DATA 176,75,138,72,152,

72,8,165,161,56
MA 270 DATA 233,32,141,253,62,

162,3,169,0,24
KR 280 DATA 109,253,52,202,208

,250,168,169,8,32
BJ 293 DATA 75,236,162,3,185,0

,62,72,173,254
BC 300 DATA 62,201,1,240,56,10


4,32,
GC 310 DATA

4,52,
KG 320 DATA

169,2
BS 330 DATA

,169,
MM 340 DATA

9, 236
KD 350 DATA

2,165
RS 360 DATA

141, 2
AE 370 DATA

128,7


75, 236,200

202,208,237,173,25

201, 1, 240,5

169,128,76,107,63,

55.32,75,236

40, 104, 158, 104, 170

15, 76, 75, 236

169,75,141,36,3,16

,141,37,3

96, 169,0, 141,254,6

, 161, 76, 117

63, 104, 55, 233, 128,

55,62, 169,127

237, 255,52, 24, 105,

6,86,63


Needlework
Graphics Editor

See instructions in article 071 page
52 before typing in,


0801

j0n

0H

OA

00

9E

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D8 48
FD 71
F4 AB
85 7F
85 71
91 4D
62 A3
00 AE
85 08
60 6D
F8 B5
FE B9
A9 OB
13 CD
20 40
20 42
00 D4
13 EE
20 EA
57 31
50 45
49 49
20 7F
4 9 FE
41 83
5D IF
20 FC
20 7B

12 35
20 59
20 93
20 9B
20 A3
20 AB
56 El
20 13
20 C3
20 CB
20 D3
12 BD
20 56
20 EB


112 COMPUTSI's GazattB January 1988


11D1:20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

F3

1479:20

20

20

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1481:52

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1239:20

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1241:20

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1249:20

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1251: 20

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1259:20

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1539:20

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60

4G

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1551:11

11

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1561 :AF

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8B

Program 2

; Basic Tilp Panornn

12C1:FF

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00

20

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Demo

12D1;FF

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38

1579:20

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61

1581 :CC

CC

CC

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CC

AB

HE

10 REM

COPYRIGHT

1938

COMPU

12E1:20

3D

20

57

48

49

54

45

34

isa9tcc

CC

CC

CC

CC

CC

CC

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B3

TEl

PUBLICATIONS

, INC. -

12E9100

20

3D

20

52

45

44

00

EF

1591:B4

0D

00

99

13

12

11

11

07

ALL

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12Flt20

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1599:11

11

11

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11

11

ID

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20 PRINT" ICLR) 13

SPACES}COP

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1988 COMPUTEl PUB

1301:45

00

20

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45

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45

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., INC.

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30 PRIKTTAB(10)"ALL

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1311:55

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SLEEP3

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40 BLOAD" TILE PAINT":

GOTO60

1321:4F

52

41

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45

00

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15C9:1D

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47

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=0TO7:

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1.329:30

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1331:20

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1339:20

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12

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60 SYS6656

:REM ***

INSTALL

1341:47

52

41

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20

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1SE9:45

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1351:00

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1359:54

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1369:20

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120 C=C+1:IFC>3THENC

=1

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20

20

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140 GOSUB50:TPAINTC,

J+1

,1+1

1399:20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

BF

See insinictions,

in

arti

dc

on vase

,0

13A1:20
13A9:31

20
20

92
3D

0D
20

05
53

20
48

20
49

C6
46

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54 before

ti/ping

in.

r

(-3

JK
DP

150 CHARCh
160 PA=PA+1

,V,STR?(PA>,
: NEXT: NEXT

0

13B1:54

20

44

4F

57

4E

20

20

DB

DM

170 GETKEYA?

13B9:20

20

20

20

20

C6

32

20

9E

Program 1

: Tile Paint

AG

180 SYS6S72

:REM

***

REMOVE

13C1;3D

20

S3

48

49

46

54

20

A9

o

THE

WEDGF

13C9:55

50

00

20

20

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AA

55

AA

55

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55

AA

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190 COLORO,

12:

C0L0R4

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13D1:3D

20

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54

20

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PHIC0, J

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13D9:S2

49

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20

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1970 :FE

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13E9:53

48

49

46

54

20

4C

45

5A

19a0:FF

55

FF

55

FF

55

FF

55

08

Program 3

: Hi-Res Tile Patterns

13F1:46

54

00

20

20

C6

35

20

9A

1988:55

EE

55

BB

55

EE

35

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54

rTfimn

13F9:3D

20

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20

88

1990:55

55

55

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55

55

55

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18

L^L

I iiiLjr

1401:55
1409:20

50
20

20
20

20
C6

20
36

20
20

20
3D

20
20

CF
86

1998:55
19A0:75

55
55

AA
5D

AA
55

55
57

55
55

AA
05

AA
55

CA
F4

HE

10 REM COPYRIGHT
TP 1 dttht tr'n^TTf

1988

:oMPU

*7*^ _

1411:43
1419:57

4F
4E

4C
0D

4F
20

52
20

20
C6

44
37

4F
20

38
CE

19Ae:55
19B0:55

57
55

55
55

50
55

55
AA

75
AA

55
AA

D5
AA

DC

E2

I Ct * trvJoLi i\^e\L ¡À\jmi3 r a i^^ *

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

1421 I 3D
1429:44

20
20

43
53

4F
55

4D
4D

4D
4D

41
41

4E
52

DO
AF

19B8:FF
19C0:FF

F7
DD

EB
AA

DO
77

B6
FF

OD
OD

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AA

F7
77

41
7B

RI)

20 PRINT"lCLR}i3 SPACES j COP
YRIGHT 1988 COMPUTE 1 PUB

T Mr" '*

1431:59

20

20

C6

39

20

3D

20

5B

1 9ca : DD

DD

AA

77

77

77

AA

DD

FA

* t I ac *

1439:45

58

49

54

0D

00

20

20

85

19O0:DD

DD

DO

AA

77

77

77

FF

58

XG

30 PRINTTAB(10)"ALL

RIGHTS

1441:03

D0

CI

C3

C5

20

C2

CI

Fl

19D8:0D

77

DD

77

DD

77

DD

77

OB

(SPACE) RESERVED"

SLEEP3

1449:02

20

3D

20

50

4C

4F

54

33

19E0:DD

FF

77

FF

DD

FF

77

FF

CE

GH

40 BLOAC

"TILEPAINT"

GOTO60

1431:20

50

4F

49

4E

54

0D

20

lA

19E8:DD

DO

DD

FF

77

77

77

FF

C5

DF

50 FORPB

=0TO7 :

POKE2816+PB,P

1459:20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

ai

19F0:EE

DD

BB

77

EE

DO

BB

77

DE

EEK(6496+8*PA+PB

:NEXTPB

1461:20

C5

20

3D

20

45

52

41

DE

19F8:77

BB

DD

EE

77

BB

DD

EE

05

: RETURN

1469:53

45

20

50

4F

49

4E

54

26

1A00:AC

E9

lA

AD

EA

lA

A2

4C

74

GM

60 SYS6656

:REM ***

INSTALL

1471 1 0D

00

20

20

20

20

20

20

08

lA08t8E

8D

03

8C

BE

03

BD

8F

3B

THE

WEDGE

COMPUTEts Gazette January 1 988 113


BM 70 COLOR0,l5sCOLORl,7!COLOR

4,15
RO 80 GRAPHICl, 1
SQ 90 V=-liPA=0
BH 100 FORI=3T0147STEP48iV=V+6

!H=-6
CM 110 FORJ=0TO264STEP66tH=H.+8
FP 120 DOXl.J, I,J+54,I+3S
OB 130 GOSUB50!TPAINT1,J+1,1+1

,0

QH 140 CHAR1,H,V,STR?(PAJ,0

HE 150 PA=PA+l! NEXT: NEXT

HP 160 GETKEYA?

QF 170 SYS6872 :REM *** REMOVE

THE WEDGE
FF 180 COLOR0, 12:COLOR4, 14sGRA
PHIC0, 1 ! GRAPH ICC LR

Program 4: Pie Chart Demo

HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
R!i 20 PRINT" tCLR) 13 SPACESjCOP
YRIGHT 1988 COMPUTEI PUB
., INC."
XG 30 PRItJTTAB(10)"ALL RIGHTS
I SPACE) RESERVED" :SLEEP3
GH 40 BLOAD"TILEPAIHT"!GOTO60
DP 50 FORPB=0TO7:POKE2816+PB,P
EEK( 6496+8 *PA+PB} jNEXTPB
: RETURN
FS 60 FORN=0TO5:READA5{N),A(N)
,X(N),Y(N),P(N)(NEXTtA(6
)-360
BP 70 SYS6656 : REM *** INSTALL

THE WEDGE
CG 80 COLOR0,1S!COLOR1, 7!C0L0R

4, ISsGRAPHICl, 1
SM 90 FORI=0TO5:CIRCLE1, 160,14
0,80,56,A(I) ,A(I+1) :DRAW
1TO160, 140SNEXT
KQ 100 FORI=0TO5:PA=P(I):GOSUB
50tTPAINTl,X(I),Y(l>,0!
NEXT
GP 110 FORI=0TO4STEP2sBOXl,0,B
*I+20,46,8*I+34[PA=P(I)
:GOSUB50
RS 120 TPAINT 1,1, 8*1+2 1,0: CHAR

1,6,3+I,A$(I) ,0!NEXT
FB 130 FORI=1T05STEP2:BOX1, 168
,8*(I-1)+20,214,B*(I-1)
+34:PA=P(I) 1GOSUB50
CG 140 TPAINTl, 169,B*(I-1 )+21,
0ICHAR1, 27, 3+ (1-1), A? (I
), 01 NEXT
BC 150 CHAR 1,11,0," ACME FRUIT

COMPANY "iliGETKEYBS
JE 160 SYS6872 : REM *** REMOV

E THE WEDGE
KE 170 COLOR0, 12:COLOR4, 14IGRA

PHIC0, 1: GRAPH ICCLR
MP 180 DATA "APPLES (14%) ",0,1
61, 130, 8, "ORANGES (8%)"
, 50, 200, 130, 18
SC 190 DATA "PEARS (11%) ",80,1
80, 140, 12, "PEACHES (22%
)",120, 170, 155,16
GG 200 DATA "PLUMS (12%)", 200,
130, 170, 3, "GRAPES (33%)
",240,159, 130, 15

Program 5: New Patterns Demo

HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
RH 20 PRINT"lCLR}t3 SPACESJCOP
YKIGHT 1988 COMPUTEI PUB
., INC."
XG 30 PRINTTAB(10)"ALL RIGHTS
( SPACE} RESERVED" :SLEEP3
! SG 40 ULOAD"TILEPAINT"!GOTO70

114 COMPUTB's Gazelle J anuary 1 988


DF 50 PORPB=0TO7jPOKE2816+PB,P
EEK(6496+8*PA+PB) rNEXTPB
! RETURN
KJ 60 FORPB=0TO7!READK!POKE649

6+8 *PA+PB,Kt NEXT: RETURN
RC 70 PA'=6:GOSUB60
es 80 DATA 255,255,170,85,85,8

5, 170,255
FE 90 PA=9:GOSUB60
JR 100 DATA 221,85,221,255,119

,85,119,255
DF 110 SYS 6656 :REM *** INSTAL

L THE WEDGE
CR 120 COLOR0, l! COLO Rl, 3; COLOR

2.6: COL0R4 , 1
EF 130 GRAPHIC3,1
QC 140 CIRCLEl, 40, 100, 30,42
CM 150 CIRCLE2, 120, 100,30,42
RG 160 PA?6:GOSUB50! TPAINTl, 40

, 100,0
BC 170 PA=9:GOSUB50:TPA1NT2, 12

0, 100,0
XM 180 GETKEYA?
EH 190 SYS 687 2 sREM *** REMOVE

THE WEDGE
JF 200 COLOB0, 12:COLOR4,14!GRA

PHIC0, 1: GRAPH ICCLR

Program 6: Double Paint Demo

HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVKD
RH 20 PRINT"ICLRH3 SPACESjCOP
YRIGHT 1968 COMPUTEI PUB
., INC."
XG 30 PRINTTAB(10)"ALL RIGHTS
(SPACE) RESERVED" :SLEEP3
GH 40 BLOAD"TILEPAINT":GOTO60
DF 50 FORPB=0TO7:POKE2ai6+PB,P
EEK(6496+8*PA+PB) iNEXTPB
! RETURN
GM 60 SYS6656 iREM *** INSTALL

THE WEDGE
DB 70 COLORO, 1:COLOR1, 3:COLOR2

,6iCOLOR3, 7iCOLOR4,l
BS 80 GRAPHIC3,1
FP 90 BOX2,10,50,70, 1S01BOX2,9

0,50, 150, 150
JQ 100 PAINT3,11,51,1:PA=10:GO

SUB50:TPAINT2, 11 , 51 , 0
GB 110 PAINT3, 91,51,liPA=17:GO

SUB50:TPAINT2,91,51,0
HG 120 GETKEYA?
QC 130 SYS6872 i REM *** REMOVE

THE WEDGE
PC 140 COLOR0,12!COLOR4, 14:GRA
PHIC0, IjGRAPHICCLR


BEFORE TYPING . . .

Before typing in programs, please
refer to "How To Type In
COMPUTEl's GAZETTE Programs,"
elsewhere in this issue.


ScrollEdit

See instructions in article on page
81 before typing in.

Program 1: ScrollEdit

000] :IE 08 0A 00 8F 20 53 43 4A

0809:52 4F 4C 4C 49 4E 47 20 96

OB11:42 4) 53 49 43 20 45 44 FA

0819:49 54 4F 52 00 43 SB 14 23

0B21t00 BF 20 43 4F 50 59 52 0E

0829:49 47 48 54 20 3J 39 36 6E


0B31:38

20

43

4F

4D

50

55

54

6D

0839:45

21

20

50

55

42

2E

20

6D

0841:20

00

50

08

IE

00

9E

20

3A

0849:32

31

33

30

3A

A2

00

00

84

0851:00

A9

00

8D

00

0D

A9

0D

39

0859:05

2C

A9

00

8D

CF

0A

A9

D5

0861 :C0

A15

03

20

IE

AQ

AE

SF

S9

0869:02

AC

90

02

C0

09

F0

10

F3

0871:HE

CD

0A

8C

CE

0A

A2

68

92

0879:A0

09

BE

BF

02

8C

90

02

4C

0881;AE

14

03

AC

IS

03

CO

09

S8

0889 :F0

10

8E

66

09

3C

67

09

AO

0891:A2

4D

A0

09

8E

14

03

8C

42

0899:15

03

A2

F7

A0

08

BE

18

23

08A1 :03

BC

J9

03

AE

02

03

AC

D9

08A9!03

03

C0

08

F0

10

BE

F2

6C

0881108

BC

F3

08

A2

EA

A0

08

F)

08Q9:8E

02

03

8C

03

03

60

93

33

0acl:l]

20

2A

53

43

52

4F

4C

2B

0ac9:4C

45

44

49

54

2A

20

20

lA

0BD1:43

4F

50

59

52

49

47

48

85

0eD9:54

20

31

39

38

38

20

43

FB

0BE1:4F

4D

50

55

54

45

21

0D

53

08E9;00

A2

FF

86

3A

20

67

08

34

08Fli4C

FF

FF

00

00

00

78

48

61

0BF9:BA

48

98

48

A9

7F

8D

0D

6C

0901:DD

AC

0D

DD

30

43

20

02

70

0909!FD

D0

03

6C

02

80

20

BC

84

0 911:F6

20

El

FF

D0

33

AD

20

Bl

0919:00

8D

F4

08

AD

21

D0

8D

37

092I:F5

08

AD

86

02

80

F6

08

8A

0929:20

15

FD

20

A3

FD

20

18

BF

0931:E5

AD

F4

08

8D

20

D0

AO

FC

0939;F5

08

8D

21

D0

AD

F6

08

3F

0941 :BD

86

02

20

5B

08

6C

02

D3

0949:A0

4C

72

FE

2C

CF

0A

30

El

09Sltl3

AD

6D

02

00

0E

A5

CB

FF

0959:09

03

90

06

C9

07

B0

04

7 3

0961 :A9

40

85

CB

4C

FF

FF

AS

CD

0969:3A

C9

FF

D0

ID

AS

CC

DO

02

0971:19

A5

CB

C9

01

D0

16

C5

CC

0979 :CS

F0

0F

AD

8D

02

C9

04

73

098J:D0

08

AD

CF

0A

49

FF

8D

B3

0969!CF

0A

4C

CC

0A

2C

CF

0A

07

099Jt30

F8

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00

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IE

AD

8D

IB

0999:02

C9

04

D0

ED

A5

CB

C5

10

09A1:C5

D0

05

AD

BC

02

D0

E2

37

09A9:20

D0

0A

20

C7

0C

20

40

32

09B1:0B

4C

CC

0A

C9

07

00

IE

C0

09B9:AD

8D

02

C9

04

D0

CB

20

FD

09C1:D0

0A

A9

00

85

D3

85

04

4F

09C9:85

D8

85

C7

A9

18

85

D6

91

09D1:20

6C

E5

4C

CC

0A

AD

80

08

09D9:02

D0

AF

A5

CB

C9

04

D0

CF

09E1J60

A9

00

85

D4

85

DB

20

75

09E9:D0

0A

A9

FF

65

CC

85

00

B6

09Fl!A5

D3

48

a5

06

48

20

IF

66

09F9:0C

2C

0F

0C

]0

2D

38

AD

13

0A0] :0B

0C

E9

01

85

14

AD

0C

CE

0A09:0C

E9

00

85

15

20

30

0C

SB

0A11:2C

0F

0C

10

16

AD

7B

0C

EB

0A19:85

5F

AD

7C

0C

85

60

A9

26

0AZ1:00

85

D6

85

D3

20

40

0B

74

0A29:20

El

0A

68

85

D6

68

BS

6B

0A3J !D3

20

7D

0C

20

6C

E5

20

46

0A39jC7

0C

85

00

85

CC

4C

CC

A9

0A41 :0A

C9

05

D0

0D

20

D0

OA

FE

0A49:20

C7

0C

85

D3

4C

CC

0A

AC

0A51:C9

06

D0

)D

20

C7

0C

20

10

0A59!D0

0A

A4

D5

Bl

Dl

C9

20

-D2

0A61:D0

05

88

10

F7

30

04

C4

7E

0A69:D5

F0

01

C8

B4

D3

4C

CC

2A

0A71:flA

A5

CB

C9

03

D0

54

20

2E

0A791C7

0C

20

D0

0A

A9

FF

65

02

0A8) :CC

AS

D3

48

AS

06

48

20

90

0A89:)0

0C

2C

0F

0C

10

2B

EE

05

0A91:0B

0C

D0

03

EE

0C

0C

AD

ES

0A99:0B

0C

85

14

AD

0C

0C

85

63

0AA1:15

20

13

A6

A0

01

Bl

SF

E0

0AA9:F0

10

A9

00

85

D3

A9

18

S6

0AB1;B5

D6

A9

0D

20

D2

FF

20

B0

0AB9:E1

0A

68

85

D6

68

85

03

DD

0AC1:20

7D

BC

20

6C

E5

20

C7

CB

0AC910C

85

CC

4C

FF

FF

00

A5

49

0AD1:CF

F0

0C

A5

CE

AE

87

02

29

0AE1;A0 01
0AE9!C8 Bl
0AFlt49 8D
0AP9 5CD BD
0B01s20 aA
0B09S0F 49
BBlliBJ. SP
0B)9:F0 E6
0B21:7F AA
0B29t0B C8
0B31:F5 ca
0B39:SA 0C
0B41:A5 D3
0B49:C6 D6
CBSJsCe 48
0B59:D6 EC
0B6I :29 03
0B69:9S DA
0B71;A5 D2
0B79:A5 Dl
0BS1:2B 85
0BH9:D2 E6
0B91:CA 10
0B99!85 DS
0BAJ. !20 A0
0BA9:e0 30
0BBlt24 EA
0BB9:0C 0C
0BC1:C9 3A
0BC9:E9 30
0BDl!0C AD
0BD9:09 19
0DE1:8D 08
0BE9!0C 8D
0BF1;68 6D
0DF9J03 EE
0C0] :D0 BC
0C09s6e 60
0C1I.S18 B5
0C19:A6 D6
0C21:B5 D9
0C29:D6 E8
0C31:00 8D
0C39!A0 01,
0C41:F0 27
aC49:90 IF
0C51:D0 0E
0C59S10 08
0C61:88 Bl
0G69:CF 60
0071:60 80
0C79!0C 60
0C8l!90 06
0C89:60 48
0C91tC9 27
0C99!D4 48
0CA1:A9 94
0CA9:68 85
0CBl:4a 98
0CB9:B5 09
0CCl!68 AA
0CC9!85 04


84 CF 20
84 0F Bl
5F AA C8
0C 0C BE
A9 20 A4
0C C9 2 2
FF 85 0F
F0 2S 10
24 0F 30

84 49 A0
B9 9E AB
B9 9E A0
D0 F5 60
E9 28 90
B0 F6 20
8D AA 0B
AA 0B 90
B4 09 ]0
20 F0 E9

85 AD A5

85 AC 85
Dl BS F3
F4 20 D2
C4 68 85
20 6C E5
27 91 Dl

86 D6 20
A9 00 80
80 0F 0C
B0 3E C9
48 AD 0B
0C 0C 8D
AD 0B 0C
0C AD 0C
0C 0C CA
0B 0C 8D
0C 0C CE
2C 0F 0C
00 00 00
D9 10 05
CA 10 F4
10 05 20
E0 19 90
0F 0C A5
85 5F 86
C8 C8 A5
F0 06 23
A5 14 88
20 6B 0C
5F AA 88
A5 5F 8D
7C 0C A9
00 00 A5
E9 28 85
A5 03 C9
D0 17 A5
A9 00 85
20 D2 FF
D8 68 4C
48 20 40
29 07 95
68 4C 47
85 D8 85


13 EA
5F FO
Bl 5F
0B 0C
49 29
D0 06
C8 FD
EA C9
E2 38
FF CA
)0 FA
30 C5
00 00
06 85
6C E5
A2 17
35 B5
02 09
20 24
F4 85
AE IB
90 04
E9 A6
06 A9
A0 27
88 ]0
F0 E9
0B 0C
A8 Bl
30 90
0C 80
0E 0C
6D 0D
0C 60
D0 EA
0B 0C
0F 0C
10 02
00 00
20 AB
60 A2
AB 0B
F2 60
2D A6
60 Bl
15 Dl
6B 0C
Dl 5F
28 F0
BJ 5F
7B 0C
FF 8d
D3 C9
D3 90
00 F0
Da 48
D8 85
68 85
47 AB
0B A6
D9 68
AB A9
C7 60


60 4F
54 49
84 B5
20 29
7F B7
AS ED
2C FA
FF 38
E9 3E
F0 52
30 02
20 07
38 4C

03 5A
A5 22
86 D8
DA BE
80 IC
EA 17
AF, 56
69 02
E6 70
D6 C5

27 32
A9 5C
FD BA
20 E6
eo 08
01 B3
3A AF
0D 75
A2 FA
0C ID
0E 5 7
18 33
90 FA
ca 23
68 34
A2 10
0B E9
00 03
A6 49
A9 4F
2C A2
5F 01
5F C5
88 3F
90 26
09 22
B0 3B
A5 44
0F E4

28 E7
F4 B4
IF 25
A5 AA

04 D 2
D4 66
8A 5A
06 71
Aa 46
00 C6
00 24


Program 2: MetaScroll

FX 10 A=A+1

PO 20 POKE 15 7,128

BE 30 IF A=l THEN LOAD "METABA

SIC", 8,1
DP 40 A5="SYS36864"+CHR?(13)
DF 50 A=LEN(A9):IF A>10 OR A<1

THEN STOP
CM 60 POKE 198, A
BF 70 FOR 1=1 TO A
BP 80 POKE 630+I,ASC(MrDS(AS,I

}]
JM 90 NEXT I
JC 100 LOAD "SCR0LLEDIT",8


Power BASIC: Three
Pack

Article on page 92.

HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU
TEI POBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

GO 20 PRINT"lCLR] IBLKJ

13 SPACES iCOPYRIGHT ) 988
COMPUTE I PUB., INC."
KM 30 PRIKTTAB(10)"ALL RIGHTS

I SPACE } RESERVED ( DOWN } "
BE 40 FORI=53121T053247tREADA!

X=X+A:POKEI,A:NEXT
EG 50 IFX<>19218THENPRINT"ERRO
R IN DATA STATEMENTS, " lE
ND
CJ 60 DATA 32,185,207,201,25,1

76,61,133,251,32
PC 70 DATA 185,207,201,40,176,

52, 133, 211,165,251
SK 80 DATA 133,214,76,108,229,

32,165,207,133,253
AH 90 DATA 32,185,207,240,33,1

33,254,24, 101,253
HQ 100 DATA 201,26,176,24,166,

253,32,255,233,230
HS 110 DATA 25 3,198,254,208,24

5,96,32,253,174,32
KG 120 DATA 158,173,32,247,183

,165,20,96,76,72
ME 130 DATA 178,169,0,133,253,

169,212,133,254,160
XP 140 DATA 1,169,50,145,253,1

60,5, 169,9,145
XB 150 DATA 253,160,24,169,15,

145,253,160,4,169
KP 160 DATA 17,145,253,169,200

, 133,252, 162,0, 202
ED 170 DATA 203,253,198,252,20

8,249,160,0,152,145
PG 180 DATA 25 3,200,192,24,208
,249,96


All programs

listed in this

magazine are

available on the

GAZETTE Disk.

Details

elsewhere

in this issue.


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ABACUS BOOKS
Amtomy o( the 1541 f14
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TiilnlntCuldl t13

CUBrmtriuh 114

C11S Priki & PoLn . St]
CUaTikki&Tipi ...IM

CPMonlhrCI^B SU

t571tnt(riul> $14

CEOSIniidf JLOu! *14

CEOSTliclii&Tipi .114
ABACUS SOFTWARE
Aucmblcr Monitor ...S3S

Bitk fit

BiiiciK tn

Ctdfik Hi

cidrikiit ., , ??

ChirlPik %2$

ChirlPiklia SIS

Cobol ?25

CDbolllS ns

Foith ?S

pDWfrPljn ,....,>,, ,f2S

PPM WS

TPM 128 ?H

Spriil Tirni 64 Di lia KS

SuptfC in

SupciC US tn

Super Pjic?I S39

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IAS ?25

TASiaa ??

ACCESS

Echelofl uaip Slik t29

Fimuuf CouriF Disk ^1

rrirWorldCllilL.B. tU
FAmpui CourH Ditk '2

fprWorlrJCIaitl.B. .114
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Actnf Acn 119

Appllo IB: Miuion

la (he Mean tn

Cornkt - , ,. S19

4lh & Inchtt

Foolbill(D) SI 9

HjrdbitI ?19

Killed UnKI D?d S19

MIniPuH ?19

TntDrivt ?19

ACTION SOFT

Tbundvr Chuppf r . S19

Up Ptrlicopcl t19

ACIIVISION

Alitm M3

CimemAVrr m^Spartt tt

Science f iciion DiikiSlT

CnBrcAiiRilly S1?

Hicker] ?33

Ubyrinth S19

Miniic Minilon 133

Miihl&Maik SIS

MutrcSludip ...... S33

Poilil SIS

Pctttcrdl -w,v.,,,*.*H
Shjrtithji ¡ö¡ö¡ö,.,. S19


TdtiTimn ..119

The LlllNinji ,S]3

TrjnifDrmert . .S19

AMERICAN [DUCATIONAL

Bialoir Ill

Grftmnur. 112

Sclenee: Cridei 314 . . .S1]
Science: Crid?> S/b . . .SI]
Scjence: Crjdet 7t& . . . S13

USGtDgriphr ..Hi

USHiilory SI]

World CeogrifiKr $13

World Hiilory St]

ARTWORX

aridieS.O tn

Cycle Kni(hl S14

InlernjUlonjil Hockey .116
I Irikword French 1 or 3 $16
linVwordGerrrun ....$16

linkword Rvuitn S16

linkwDrriSpiniih .... .$16

Strip Ppker $31

DltaDiik'1 Feme If ..$14
DiU D Ilk ?! Milt ....$14
DitaDiik '3 Femile . $14
*8uy Corrtpu bridge lor

$9.50 w^purchite of

Bridie S.O I
AVALON HUt

NBABiikelbill $]S

Spl1lirt'40 $])

Super Sundjy $]1

SBS19SSTeimOii(i ..$14
SBS1986TeimOlik. $14
SBS Cen Mgr Diik . ..$19
BAUDVILIE

Bluing Piddlei $13

Video Vei?i 119

BERKELEY SOTTWOKKS

Ceo>1]S $44

CeoiM ,..S39

CeoMouM Cill

Wrilec'i Workthop 13B $44

'Ceo-Cilc $33

¡öCeo) Dtik Pik 1 1]}

¡öCeo-Dei $]S

?Ceo-file $33

'Ceo-Progremni?r . . . .$44

¡öCet>-Putlli>h $44

*Gef>i Tnnt Pjk ST9

?Wriltr-i Workibop . .133
*Requiret Ceot 641
BITTER WORKING
Buiine? Form Shop . $3S
BRODERBUNp
CAime n SanditKo:

USA $35

World $33

Ciutdronl?3 $19

Mifnelron $t9

Print Shop 12b

P.S. Compenion $23

PS. Criphkt llbriry

'1,'], or'l .. .$1tEi.
P.S. Crjphki Library

Holidly Edjlion $16

P.S. Piper PJck $14

Super BikeChillenie. $14

Toi Shop $19

CAJCOM
ChoitidrCoblini . ...S19

194J $19

CBS

Succeit h*MI|etiri:

Binomiit Multiplicition
tFiclorlni $19

Firti Oesrre A Ad v priced


Lineir Equiltpnt . .119
Criphinf lineir

Fun^tipni 119

SimultincouiA

Quidritlcfqui tisnt . $18
Succeis w/Milh:
AddKlon &

Subiriclion $19

Decimilc Add. A Subtil 9
DedmaliiMult&Dtv. $19
Frictiarw AlM. & Subt. $19
FrictkmsiMult&Div. 119
Mulllplicillcin i,

DIviiion $19

CMS

Cen.Acc1.1IB $119

Invtnlary lie $49

DATA EAST

Bmkthru $19

Commindo $14

Ikiri Wirriofi $19

KidNiki $19

Speed Bugfy 119

TlRTtlFnWfeitlini. . $33

Victory Roic! Call

DAT AS OFT
Allerrule Utility:

dungeon $]6

3]1B.S>VerSI. $31

Theitfc Europe .$19

Tomihiwk ......... .$31

vidto Title shop $31

DAVIDSON

Alttblliter $33

Math Sillier $32

Speed Reader] $31

Spell II $32

MTofd Attack $]]

DtSIGNWARt

Body Tramparent. . . .$19

EuropeinNaiiom ....$19

Million A liebri 119

Spelticopter .119

Statei A Traill 119

DICITAL SOLUTIONS

Potket Filer] $33

Pocket Planner ] $33

PockelWrilei] $33

*ill3int Super Pll$ . $69
EttCTHIC DREAMS
Rucky Horror Show . . .114
TiLinic Reci>very MiwonlU
ItECTRONIC ARTS

Aitiiteila $]6

Arcl/cFoi $13

Bard'iTalelorl . $]6Ea.
Binfi Tile 1 or 2 Hina$9 [1.

Carrier! It Wit . $33

Cheiimailer 3000 ..... 12b
Chuck Yitier'iAfS .113

Din Dale 114

¡õ errion Sillier 111

Earlh Orbit Station $31

ImlantMuik $31

Legacy dI Ancients $31
Marble MidncH. .$]1

Monopoly . . . Call

Patton VI- RomnvL . . . $]1

Peiaiui $21

Roid ID MotCDH . . . .$26

Sciahblc $23

Skaleor Die Ill

star Fleet 1 lib

Si?ike Fleel 111

World Tour Coll 111

Em

Boulder Daih


ComlructlDnStl . . 116

Clllfornl4GimM $])

Chimp. Wieilllni . .Sia

Coll Cop lib

Create A Cilendir $19

Dtitroyer 123

Fill load (?) ..Sll

Movie MfiCLiler 114

Omlcron Conspiracy . .Call
P.S. Griphiei Scrapbcrak

'1: Sports $16

'liOHIheWall ....$16

'3: School $16

Rid Wirrloi $1b

Spiderbot lib

Spy vt Spy 3:

Arctic Antlci 116

SIreel Sporli;

BlHblll $3)

Bisketbiit $33

Sub 8 lit It SI mutator . $33

Summer Gamei $14

Summer Games ] $33

Super Cycle .$14

Ttmpic Apiha I Trilogy 114

Winter Camel 113

WotldCames $31

FIREBIRD

Elllc $19

ColdtnPitli Call

CulldclThitvti $2S

KniihlOrc.,., Call

SliiilJdtr $2S

ThtPawn US

Tht Sentry .$1S

Tracker $15

CAMESIAR

Chimp. Blieblll , . . .$19
Chimp. Basketbill $33
CFLCh. Foolball $23

OrfCourt Tennis $19

Slat Rank BD>ing2 119

Top Fuel [Itmlnitor .119
HAYDEN

SATMlth $14

SATVerbii $14

INFOCOM

Beyond Zork (38 . . .129
Bureaucracy 121 .123
Hilchhikei'i Guide . 119
HollrnoodHijini 11)

Leather Goddefiei . .$33
Nord t Bert Coukkfl Mike
Held or Till ul It $23
Plundered Heirli . . 133
Stitionfill .123

The Lurking tiorror ...113

TrinityllB Ill

Zork 1 113

lork Trilogy $39

KONAMIIACTION CITY

Gradius $19

¡ö uih -n AtllcUrit

Ar Kung Fu $19

VieArKungFu] 119

MICROIEACUE
BiKbill flS

Bos Score Slitl . . . $16
Central Manager . $19
19U Team OiU Disk . . $14
1987 Ttam Data Disk. $t4

WWFWreillIng 115

MICROPROSt

Aerojet lib

Airborne Ringer 113

1-15 Strike Eigie $]3

Cunship $23


Kennedy Approich . . .$16

Flritei 12s

PtolectStealth Fighter Call

Silent Service 113

Top Gunner ....,., .lib
MINDSCAPE

BopADumtile 119

Bop & Wrestle 119

Defender ot tht Crown. .123

DeliVu $33

Gauntlet 113

HIlhRolltr .119

Indoor Sports $19

tnliltralor $19

lnliltralor3 133

Into Ihc Eagle's Neil $19

Paperboy $13

PerftctSmrtSAT . $44
Super Star

let Hockey $13

Super Star Socctf 1]3

UchlMati |udo 119

Mise

Bob's Term Pro 129

Bob's Term Pro lie ..139

C.?. Copy 2 Ill

Dopdit . 11;

FlnalCartridte3 $43

Font Master 1 $]9

Font Miller lie . . $3$
Super Snapihol (R) . . $43

Supttblit64 $39

Superliatt 118 $44

Superscripl 64 129

Superscrlpl T]S 119

ORicm

Autoduel $33

Moebius $3S

Ogre $19

Ultima 1 or 3 $3SEl.

Ultima 4 $39

UlttmiS Call

PARAGON

Master Ninja Call

PERSONAL CHOICE

limthcCtlS 113

limlheC64 119

Term Paper Writer 128 $3S
PtIOtESSIONAL
Fleet Syilem 2 Plus $39
Fleet S?(lem4 t]8 $47

SIMON i SCtlUSIEII
Chem. lib 12s

|K tiiser Monty Mgl i2S
Stir Trek: Promelhein

Prophecy 119

Typing Tutor! .119

SIR-TtCH

Deep Spice lis

SOFTWARE SIMULATIONS

FcHitbait .$19

Purr Sill Baseball $3S

Pure Stat Coiiegt

Batktiball $1S

SPHINGBOARO

CtrUlkateMakct til

CM. library Vol. 1 . .St9
Sewiroom. . 132

N.R. Clip Art Vot.1 $19
N.R. Clip Art Vol.] $]S
N.R. Clip Art Vol. 3 $19
P.S. Graphics Espander $23
SSI

Battle of AnItelim 131

BatlltCiulltr 117

BlttltCroup 117

B'24 111


Eternal Dagger $]S

Geltyiburg $37

Kampfgruppe , ,$37

Phanliiie 1, 1 (}r 3 .$]Sea.
PreildtntElecl19M.. $16
Realms of Darkness . . $25

Rings ol Zlllln 115

RoidwirlOOO lis

Roldwar Europa $35

Shard of Spring US

Shiioh $3S

War Game Conn. Stt. $19

War In S. Pacific $37

Warship $37

Wirard'i Crourn . . -135

StJBlOCIC

Flight SImulllor 3. ... 11]

F.S. Scenery Dllkl ..-.Clll

Jtl $36

THREE SKIY

Dark Castle $33

TIMEWORKS

Accts. Piyible $33

Accts. Rtceivible $33

'OatiMani|tr3 . . .119
Dill Manager 116 . 133
Desktop Publllhtr ... 133

General Ledger 133

Partner MIR) 133

Pirlner t2S(R| . $39

¡öSi?ll)cllc(Sidt?ayi(D] $19
SwIltcilclSldewlyl 1 2S $31
Sylvia Porter's Personal

Fin, Planner 64 113

Sylvia Porter's Personat

Fin. Planner 128 . . 139
'WurdWriterl 13)

WordWrilert]* . 131
'All 3 lilies in one Pk. $59
UNICORN

Dtcirru I Dungeon .. .$19
FrarlionAclion . . .$19
Percenlage Panic 119

Race Car Rilhmetic . 119
Tentiltle Rubols 119

UNISON WORLD
ArlGallery 1 or 3 Slbea.
Art Gallery: Fanliiy .lib
Print Mailer Plul . . .113
WEEKLY RlADEa
SlickybtlF Series:

ABC'i lib

Malhl or] lib El.

Numberi Sib

Oppoiiles $16

Reading lib

ReadingComp . .116

Shiptl 116

SpeMgrabbtr $16

Typing $16

ACCESSORIES
AnimationStllion 149

BunuiSS, OD $4 99B<

Bonus DS, DO $S.99Bi
C omiiLi serve SI arler Kit $19
Disk Case (HDliti7S) $6.ss
Disk Drive Cleiner $6.B<
Epyi SDOIJ Joystick $14
tconlroller 114

Suncom Joysticks Cill

wicp Bat Handle 117

WicoBoss St 3

Wico Thret-Wir 119.9S
XETEC Super Criphii $59
XE TEC Super Craphis |r. 139
*ill progrimi on disk
unltss olhtrytiic noted!


P.O. BOX 111327-DEPT. CG-BLAWNOX, PA 15238


*Pl?ie ktMd The Followini Orderinf Itttm t, COFidilion> Cirfftully fltfore PUciftt Youf Order; Ord* ri wiih othif r* chetk or money aidtt ihipped immed(*l?ly on m iiofk iUtm
Persoful It Comjunif checW, ^IIqw 3 >veefa> clfirtnc*. No C.O.D.'it Shippmf: ConMncntjl U.S.A.-Orden urKler 1100 idd Jl; Ut* xhJppinf on otdcn o*fr tlOO. A*C, HI, tfO.
APO¡ª 'ddiS onallordcrLCinidi ft PdVfto RiCD¡ª ?dd Jlflon all Drderi. Soiry, no other Intr^nAiiorul ordtrt lecepiedt PA retid?nti jdd 6% uk( t*ion the tolil tmount ol order
includint f}itppln? ch*rfHJ ??ASONS FOR CALLING CUSTOMIR SIRVICE-412-3MS291 [IJ SiAiiit ol order or bick order (2) If any mefch*t>di? purchjwd Mithin U) tUyi Irom S.D.
of A, ti defect tvea pitiiecjil for j irlurn iiilKorit#|ion mimber. Defective mercHandlM wMI bt repLiced with tfw^ urne merfhjndiie only. Other rrlurm Hibject to a 1S% rei1ocktn|
dutfe. After 64} d?yiplci?treler lolhe rnanuficlurcn wiirintv hnclude?} with the ri^erchtPdfH- ft return direcitv 10 ihe irurHiUcturer.Cutiomfr Mrvice wdt not iccepi collfci c?ll?Of
CAttionSD. OF A.'tQiOO'orderlinnt H*ve VDU leenour on line cjtalof of IJPQ iofti*jre tlllri -lor Commodore, AUn, Apple, IBM And Am^ljl l^f qn Compuierve'i IlrclionJc Mjilt--
juil trpeCO SDA jnd ?hoppin| lor ?ltwjre wiH nev*r be tht Hme*|jin' HOURS; Mon.Frl. ? AMrS;>0 PMa Sil. 10 AM-4 PM Ej?t*rn Time Beuuie 1hi? id hjid to 6* ^fHitn 2-3 moi.
before II wji pubtithed, ptict^t ft JEvJiljbillil^ jre Mbjrcl lo (kir>|e! Net* Uilti ttt ttintn¡ì djilEfE Plejie cill lor rrwre Infoirrulion! Holidit Houri- Nov J-Dec 17- Mon^Thurt
9 AM-A PM, f ri 9 AM-5;30 ^M, Sil. 10 AM-4 WM Uitem Time.


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? Included M.L. driver program optionally called
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indi%idual I/O lines from Basic.

? Plugs into ct>mputer's expansion port . For both
C64 & Clffi. I/O connections are through a
pair of 50-pin professional tjiie strip headers.

? Order Model SSIOO Plui. Only SI 19! Shipping
paid USA. Includes extensive doai menial ion
and projjrani disk. Each additional board SI CW,


Wc \akc pride i n our interface txu/tl docunlcnciuiofi and
sotiware su[iport .v,hKt;i4 3^ailable separately for
examination. Credit aeaJnfl first order.
SS 1 on Plii5 . SM . 6.1 1 FZ: i A [XWl 6. S30.


OLR ORIGINAL ULTIMATE
INTERFACE


? Universally applicable dual 6522 Versatile
Interface Adapter (\'1A) board.

? Industrial control and monitoring. Great for
latwratory data acquisition and instmmentation
applications,

? inlelligenlly control almost any device.

? Perform automated testing.

? Easy to program yet cwremely powerful.

? Easily interfaced to Ivigh-pcrfomancc A/D and
13/ A converters.

? Four 8-bit fully bidirectional I/O ports & eight
handshake lines. Four 16-bit timcr/countens.
Full IRQ interrupt capability. Expandable to
four boards.

Order Model 64IF22, SI 69 postpaid USA.
lnelude^ evten^ie doaimcntation and programs
on disk. Each addiiional Iward SI 49. Quantity
pricing available. For both C64 and C 128.

A/D CONVERSION MODULE

Fail. 16-channd. 8-bit. Requires above. Leavcsall
VL^ ports a\ailabfe. For both C64 and CI 28.
Order Model 64IF/ADC08 16. Only S69.


SERIOUS ABOUT
PROGRAMMING?

SYMBOL MASTKK MUI.TUPASS SYM-
BOLIC DISASSEMBLER- Learn to program
like the e.vperts! Adapt e.visting programs to
your needs! Disassembles any 6502/6510/
undoe/65C02/8502 tnacliine code program
into beautiful source. Outputs source code
files to disk fully compatible with your MAE,
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Panlher assembler, ready for re-assembly and
editing. Includes both C64 & CI 28 native
mode versions. 100% machine code and
extremely fast. 63-page manual. The original
and best is now even better with Version 2. 1 !
Advanced and sophisticated features far too
numerous to detail here. S49.95 postpaid
USA.

CM SOURCK CODE. Most complete
available reconstructed, estensivcly com-
mented and cross-referenced assembly
language source code for Basic and Kemal
ROMs, all 16K. In book form, 242 pages.
S29.95 postpaid USA.

PTI)-6S10 SYMBOLIC DEBUGGER tot

CM. An e.<ilremcly powerful tool with
capabilities far beyond a machine -language
monitor. 100-page manual. Essential for
asscmbly-laneuage programmcts. S49.95
postpaid USA.

MAE64 version 5.0. Fully professional
6502/65C02 macro editor/assembler. 80-pagc
manual. S29.95 postpaid USA.


^BN ADDRESS'.


SCHNEDLER SYSTEMS

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MPS-e03C PRINTER

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$169

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$209

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#1700 128K

EXPANSION MODULE $99.95

if1750 51 2K

EXPANSIONMODULE $169.95

#1764

EXPANSION MODULE S129.95

#1670AUT0M00EM S129.95

XETECJR. INTEHFACE S31.9S

XETEC SR, INTEflFACE $54.95

C-12a POWEfl SUPPLY $39.95

C64/C64-C

POWER SUPPLY $29.95

i^^ USl MOUSE $39.95 j

2QMB HARD DRIVES FOR
C-64/C ,.1769 0-128., .18491


? Most Cables ...,$15

? Casio CZ 700 $275

? Casio CZ lot $250

? OlgiviBW Stand $50

? AB Switcli $30

? Mouse Pad , , $6

? Time Saver , , , $60


fecommod


5 MEG ^

Hard Drives P

9060


'299


95


REFURBISHED


Qz. commodore

Educator 64 "


DISK ACCESS


DISK CASE (75) 6 95

DISK FILE (120) 9 95

OISKNOTCHER <95

3ft DATA CASE 130) 7.95

TEAK 5V. DISK HOLDER ISO) , 19 95
TEAK 5Vi DISK HOLDER 190) . . 29.95

TEAK 3'A DISK HOLDER (30) 19.95

DISK HEAD CLNR 8.00


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20MEG*275* 30MEG?315-

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Supccast 126 S6000

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120 COMPUTEVs Gazatte January 1988


odore


64C. SOFTWARE. .*12995*

128 S18995'

128D S42995-

'package pricing


MAGNAVOX 8562 $240


1 901 (monochroms) $99"^

1802c S189?5

2002 ...$249?s


$149"


0KIMATE20...*9995*

1351 S3495

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Device One

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MODEMS


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PERIPHEPHELS

5 VtAR WAHH

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1200 Internal... *99?5-

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'W/Cable Purchase


ALPS -18 PIN
240CPS ? COLOR

¡ö¡ö¡ö I ¡ö S39995


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lISHfARMINCIOMROM IIVONI*. MUSliO Wt UnnK gulnnlit csn^mMffy.


COMPUTErs GazBtta January 1988 121


A Powerful Wordprocessor

for the Commodore 128?


Selected

for the 1987

CES Software

Showcase

Award.


From the author of Fontmastfer II comes Fontmaster 128,

an enhanced version for the Commodore 128. This
powerful word processor with its many different print
styles (fonts), turns your dot matrix printer into a more
effectual tool. Term papers, newsletters, and foreign
languages are just a few of its many applications.


oM


* Program disk with no protection - uses hardware key

* Supplement disk includes foreign language fonts

* 56 Fonts ready to use

* Font editor/creator included

* On screen Font preview >, #en on

* 80 column only $69.95

* Supports more than 1 1 0 printers

* Includes a 102,000 word Spell Checker

Commodore 129 is a registered trademark of Commcdore Business Machines. Inc
X01!^O Inc. 2804 Arnold Rd. Salina, Ks. 67401 (913) 827-0685


"I Saved Time & Money with
PHYSICAL EXAM"

Disk drive read errors are a
frustrating waste of time! I u.se a
data base to keep records for our
club. Last week 1 experienced
read errors on my disk drive.
Luckily I have a 1541 Physical
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thai I aligned my drive
MYSELF. ] avoided the wait for
repair and paid a fraction of the
cost.

Package includes: ? True digital alignment disk with offset tracks.
? Mechanical Stop Test ? Speed Test ? Illustrated manual with
instructions for performing alignment, adjusting speed and stop
position. ? Print test results for future reference.
Physical Exam is available for these drives: 1541, 1571, 8050. 8250.
4040, SFD 1001. Please Specify Drive! S39.95 EA.+ SHIP.
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nlte Guette. April 1986, p- 19. ^

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Info: (703) 491-6494 ^^^ #vt-ww w


STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGE-
MENT AND CIRCULATION (Required by
39 U.S.C. 3685) 1. Title of publication:
COMPUTEl's Gazette, A. Publication No,
699710. 2. Date of filing; September 30,
1987. 3. Frequency of issue; monthly, A. No,
of issues published annually: 12. B. Annual
subscription price: $24.00. 4 . Complete mail-
ing address of known office of publicatiot^;
825 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019.
5. Complete mailing address of the head-
quarters of genera] business offices of the
publisher; 825 Seventh Avenue, New York,
NY 10019, 6. Full names and complete mail-
ing address of publisher, editor, and manag-
ing editor: Publisher, lames A. Casella, 825
Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019; Edi-
tor, Lance Elko, 324 West Wendover Ave-
nue, Greensboro, NC 27408; Managing
Editor, Kathleen Martinek, 324 West
Wendover Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27408.
7. Owner: ABC Consumer Magazines, Inc.
{Sole stockholder Capital Cities/ American
Broadcasting Companies, Inc., 1330 Avenue
of the Americas, New York, NY 10019); 825
Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10019, B.
Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other
security holders owning or holding 1 percent
or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages
or other securities: none. 9. For completion
by nonprofit organizations authorized to
mail at special rates; not applicable. 10. Ex-
tent and nature of circulation. A. Total num-
ber copies printed. Average no. copies each
issue during preceding 12 months: 429,352.
Actual no. copies of single issue published
nearest to filing date: 430,479. B. Paid
and/or requested circulation; 1. Sales
through dealers and carriers, street vendors
and counter sales. Average no, copies each
issue during preceding 12 months: 90,825,
Actual no. copies of single issue published
nearest to filing date: 79,555. 2. Mail
subscriptions. Average no. copies each issue
during preceding 12 months: 162,824. Ac-
tual no. copies of single issue published
nearest to filing date: 165,860. C, Total paid
and/or requested circulation. Average no.
copies each issue during preceding 12
months; 253,649. Actual no. copies of single
issue published nearest to filing date:
245,415. D. Free distribution by mail, carrier
or other means, samples, complimentary,
and other free copies. Average no. copies
each issue during preceding 12 months: 711.
Actual no. copies of single issue published
neatest to filing date; 787. E. Total distribu-
tion. Average no. copies each issue during
preceding 12 months: 254,360. Actual no.
copies of single issue published nearest to
filing date: 246,202. F. Copies not distrib-
uted. I. Office use, left over, unaccounted,
spoiled after printing. Average no. copies
each issue during preceding 12 months:
12,1 83. Actual no. copies of single issue pub-
lished nearest to filing date: 22,383. 2. Re*
turns from news agents. Average no. copies
each issue during preceding 12 months:
162,809. Actual no. copies of single issue
published nearest to filing date; 161,894. G.
Total. Average no. copies each issue during
preceding 12 months: 429,352. Actual no.
copies of single issue published nearest to
filing dale: 430,479. 11. i certify that the
statements made by me above are correct
and complete, James A. Casella, Publisher,


\,^- Lr:..\-^-^L i^..^Al..iy,A.I ¡ö¡ö?.t:'L:-^l-'.-.![1.


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S.


How To Type In
COMPUTERS Gazette Programs


Each month, COMPUTEl's Gazette
publishes programs for the Com-
modore 128, 64, Plus/4, and 16.
Each program is clearly marked by
title and version. Be sure to type in
the correct version for your ma-
chine. All 64 programs run on the
128 in 64 mode. Be sure to read the
instructions in the corresponding
article. This can save time and elim-
inate any questions which might
arise after you begin typing.

We frequently publish two
programs designed to make typing
easier; The Automatic Proofreader,
and MLX, designed for entering
machine language programs.

When entering a BASIC pro-
gram, be especially careful with
DATA statements as they are ex-
tremely sensitive to errors. A mis-
typed number in a DATA statement
can caiise your machine to "lock
up" (you'll have no control over the
computer). H this happens, the only
recourse is to turn your computer
off then on, erasing what was in
memory. So be sure to save a pro-
gram before you run it. If your com-
puter crashes, you can always
reload the program and look for the
error.


When You Read:

{CLR}

{HOME)

{UP}

{DOWN)

{LEFT}

! RIGHT}

{KVS)

{OFF}

(BLK)

{WHT}

(RED}

(CVNJ


Press:


See:


I SHIFT j j gRfHOME !

ram HOME 1
I i

[SHtFTJ I T CRSR \ I


ISHIFT -.¡ª CRSR ¡ª


¡ö.¡ª CRSR¡ª ?


aRL 9

CtRl ?

CTRL} 1

CTRL 2

CTRL
I CTRL j [yy<


Special Characters

Most of the programs listed in each
issue contain special control charac-
ters. To facilitate typing in any pro-
grams from the GAZETTE, use the
following listing conventions.

The most common type of con-
trol characters in our listings appear
as words within braces: {DOWN}
means to press the cursor down
key; {5 SPACES) means to press
the space bar five times.

To indicate that a key should
be shifted (hold down the SHIFT
key while pressing another key),
the character is underlined. For ex-
ample, A means hold down the
SHIfT key and press A. You may
see strange characters on your
screen, but that's to be expected. If
you find a number followed by an
underlined key enclosed in braces
(for example, {8 A}), type the key
as many times as indicated (in our
example, enter eight SHlFTed A's).

If a key is enclosed in special
brackets, g. |, hold down the
Commodore key (at the lower left
corner of the keyboard) and press
the indicated character.

Rarely, you'll see a single letter
of the alphabet enclosed in braces.


When You Read;

jFUR}


; Press:

CTRL 5 1

CTRl 6

ICTRL 7 1

CTRL 9

jl]

[shift fl {

n

SHIFT fJ

:u

shift j (5

ID

SHIFT j R

7/


This can be entered on the Commo-
dore 64 by pressing the CTRL key
while typing the letter in braces. For
example, {A} means to press
CTRL-A.


The Quote Mode

Although you can move the cursor
around the screen with the CRSR
keys, often a programmer will want
to move the cursor under program
control. This is seen in examples
such as {LEFT}, and {HOME} in
the program listings. The only way
the computer can tell the difference
between direct and programmed
cursor control is the quote mode,

Once you press the quote key,
you're in quote mode. This mode
can be confusing if you mistype a
character and cursor left to change
it. You'll see a reverse video charac-
ter (a graphics symbol for cursor
left). In this case, you can use the
DELete key to back up and edit the
line. Type another quote and you're
out of quote mode. If things really
get confusing, you can exit quote
mode simply by pressing RETURN.
Then just cursor up to the mistyped
line and fix it.


See: j When You Read: Press:

f \ SHIFT [ j I


See:


For Commodore 64 Only

., jcommodorT;; i]